Histology and histopathology Vol. 1, nº 3 (1986)

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Non Hodgkin's lymphomas following chemoradiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Two new cases and a review of the literature
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Marigil, Miguel A.; Pardo-Mindan, F.J.; Cuesta, B.; Rocha, E.; Idoate, M.A.; Gomez-Bezares, M.C.
Two patients developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) six and ten years after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis type. The histological classification of the developing NHL for the two patients was: IgG (K) secreting lymphoplasmacytoid lyn~phomao f the stomach, and immunoblastic lymphoma of [he cervical lymph nodes. Both patients responded well lo conventional chen~otherapyf or NHL and are alive 22 and 5 months after the diagnosis of the secondary tumor. Forty eight cases of NHL after treatment for HD have been previously reported. We present a review of the literature , of these cases, adding to this literature the first reported case of gastric lyniphoplasmacytoid lymphoma under such circumstances.
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Effects of mellitic acid (MA) and sodium fluoride (NaF) on the histological appearance of murine fetal tibiae cultured in vitro
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Weischer, C.H.; Krisinger, J.; Karzel, K.
The aim of this studv was to develop a standardized image analysis method for localization and quantitative measurement of calcified structures of murine fetal tibiae cultured in vitro as a completion and verification of previous biochemical studies. The calcified structures of bone stained by von Kossa silver technique and the epiphyseal cartilages showing intensive metachromasia with toluidine-blue staining were converted with grey-value window programs and afterwards the areas of the selected structures were measured. The histomorphological investigations showed that the murine tibiae, incubated for a period of 6 days in a medium with addition of 5 mmol mellitic acid, showed both a significant reduction of calcium deposits and an increase of epiphyseal intercellular cartilage matrix. The tibiae incubated in a medium with addition of 0.5 mmol sodium fluoride significantly showed an increase of calcium deposits in the thickened lammellae of the cornpacta. These histomorphological results confirm previous biochemical studies.
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Observations on cell kinetics and viability of a human melanoma cell line exposed to dicarboxylic acids in tissue culture
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Breathnach, A. S.; Robins, E.J.; Bhasin, Y. P.; Ethridge, L. B.; Nazzaro-Porro, M.; Passi, S.; Picardo, M.
Cultures of human nlelanonla cell line BOO08 \verc e-iposed to the disodium salts of arelaic acid (C,, 2Na), adipic acid (C,, 2Na) and dodecanediaic acid (C,, 2Na) at IO'M and 5 x 10-'M for 24 hrs. None of the diacid salts had a significant effect on growth rate or viability of the cells, at 10-'M for 24 hrs nor had C, 2Na any effect at 5 x 10'M. At 5 x 102M for 24 hrs, both C,, 2Na, and CIL2 Na had a significant effect in reducing both growth and viability. These effects were accompanied by morphological evidence of cell death, and swelling of mitochondria and accuni~~latioonf lipid droplets within cytoplasm of still biable cells.
Open Access
The kinetic differences between sodium nitrite, amyl nitrite and nitroglycerin oxidation of hemoglobin
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Tarburton, John Philip; Metcalf, William K.
The effect of sodium nitrite, amyl nitrite and nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate) on the hemoglobin of adult erythrocytes was examined in vitro. Both amyl nitrite and nitroglycerin reacted immediately with oxyhemoglobin to effect oxidation into methemoglobin while sodium nitrite required an inductionary period (lag phase) prior to the reaction. Kinetic studies of the biniolecular rate law for each of the preceeding reaction's reactionary periods (log phases) allowed rate constant calculations to be made. The values are 1.14 x 10JM niin I, 7.45 x IOJbl lmin I , and 3.50 x 10IM ' m i n 1 for sodium nitrite, amyl nitrite and nitroglycerin, respectic ely. A comparison of the amyl nitrite and nitroglycerin rate constants reveals that aniyl nitrite is approximately 2000-fold more toxic to oxyhemoglobin than nitroglycerin. These oxidant's effect on in !/itro hemoglobin solutions are comparable since both reactions approximate to rectangular hyperbolae. Sodium nitrite reacts about 300-fold faster with oxyhemoglobin than does nitroglycerin. However, the sodium nitrite reaction proceeds in a sigmoidal fashion which makes a strict comparison between these compounds relative toxicities less clear cut.
Open Access
Substance P-like immunoreactivity in rat and cat carotid bodies, Light and electron microscopic studies
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) I-li Chen; Yates, Robert D.; Hansen, John T.
Substance P-immunoreactive (SP-I) structures in the carotid bodies of rats and cats were examined with the light and electron microscopes. In both species SP-I varicose nerve fibers were located singly in the interstitial connective tissue in close association with blood vessels. They were small unmyelinated fibers enveloped in a common Schwann cell sheath with other SP-negative fibers. Some of SP-I fibers contained large dense-cored granules and small clear vesicles in addition to microtubules and mitochondria and probably represented nerve fiber varicosities. The latter often were found incompletely invested by Schwann cell sheaths. SP-fibers were found occasionally in the envelopes of supporting cells at the periphery of parenchymal cell groups. However, none of the nerve terminals making synaptic contacts with glomus cells exhibited SP-like immunoreactivity. In cat carotid bodies some glomus cells showed moderate to intense SPlike immunoreactivity.The intense SP-I glomus cells displayed numerous dense-cored vesicles of 85 to 140 nm in diameter and frequently showed synaptic contacts with SP-negative nerve terminals. In rat carotid bodies we were unable to detect consistent SP-immunoreactivity in glomus cells. Our results do not favor the hypothesis that SP is a neurotransmitter/modulator in the chemoreceptor afferents synapsing on glomus cells in either the cat or rat carotid body. However our results support the hypothesis that SP in cat glomus cells may play a role in the modulation of chemoreceptor activity.
Open Access
The neurotoxic effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the retinal ganglion cells of the albino rat
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) van Rijn, C.M.; Marani, E.; Rietveld, W.J.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) administered postnatally to the albino rat causes extensive destruction of the retina. This MSG effect does not result in complete blindness. Ganglion cells surviving the MSG treatment are healthy and functional. Using retrogradally transported HRP and Nissl itaining in whole mounted retinas, it \vas found that the ganglion cells left after MSG treatment are nut smaller than those in controls, that these cells do not belong to one cell size group, and that no cell size group is selectively missed. The results explain why photic entrainment of MSG treated animals is still possible.
Open Access
lmmunohistochemical reaction of myocardial fibers with actin antiserum in autopsy cases of myocardial infarction
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Shigeo Hashimoto; Shozo Nishida; Shingo Hiruma; Manabu Takahashi; Yoshiki Enomoto; Kuniyasu Sakatani
The purpose of this study was to determine the immunoreactivity of myocardial actin filaments with actin antiserum and to examine the significance of its application to diseased human cardiac muscle. The actin was extracted and purified from chicken gizzards. Anti-actin rabbit serum was prepared and purified by affinity chromatography and defined by an immunoblotting test. Using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method, the actin antiserum was applied to paraffin sections prepared from hearts taken from routine autopsies of patients who had died of myocardial infarction. Reactivity was shown to be completely lost, not only in necrotized fibers, but also in non-specific degenerative fibers which could be identified by their eosinophilic cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei, and clearly remaining and/or diminished cross-striations stained with hematoxylin-eosin. In contrast, hypertrophic myocardial fibers adjacent to granulation or scar tissue and those adjacent to infarcted foci exhibited a more intense reaction. These results indicated that the immunohistochemical reaction of actin filaments can be used for the easy detection of very mild degrees of degeneration of cardial muscle fibers, and for hypertrophic fibers adjacent to diseased foci. Studies of the immunoreactivity of actin protein suggestive of alteration at the molecular level might yield morphological clues regarding the nature of functional activity in the contraction of cardiac fibers.
Open Access
Fine structural changes in the rat brain after local injections of gliotoxin, alpha-aminoadipic acid
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Takada, M.; Hattori, T.
Tosic effect3 of locally injected gliotoxin, l_- alpha-aminoadipic acid, were examined in the adult rat brain at the fine structural level. Astrocytes were the only cell type in the corpus striatum that showed clear structural degeneration 1 to 3 days after the treatment. With a 7 da) \ur\ival period, two major structural changes were detectable, including tremendous in\,asion of astrocytes and their processes, and an appearance of a large number of microglia around injection sites. Both the stereospecificity and cellular specificity were firmly established on the toxic effects of this chemical.
Open Access
Lectin , UEA- 1, reaction of capillary endothelium with reference to permeability in autopsied cases of cerebral infarction
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Eizi Kadota; Kurenai Tanji; Shozo Nishida; Manabu Takahashi; Mitsuyo Maeda; Shingo Hiruma; Yoshiki Enomoto; Shigeo Hashimoto; Fumiharu Akai
The relationship between endothelial reactivity to Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-I) and the permeability of the vascular wall in human autopsied cases ol' cerebral infarction was studied. Sections from the cerebral cortex were reacted with horseradish peroxidase UEA-1 to demonstrate the surface membrane of endothelial cells. Albumin in the neuropil of sections was de~nonstrated for the estimation of increased vascular permeability. The results showed that endothelial reactivity to UEA-I was reduced in cases where death had occurred 3 to 5 days after onset of cerebral infarction. Reactivity was also diminished in cases where death had occurred after 13 and 25 days; these cases showed fresh ischemic lesions caused by reattacks of infarction. Albumin extravasation into the neuropil was demonstrated in these intermediate cases. Chronic cases, dying after more than 52 days, showed no reduction of endothelial reactivity to UEA-I and no albumin extravasation was proved. It was concluded that UEA-1 can be employed as a useful n~orphological marker for evaluation of endothelial function and vascular permeability.
Open Access
Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Eker, Reidar; Nesland, Jahn M.; Andersen, Aage; Johannessen, Jan Vicents
We studied 569 cases of renal cell carcinoma in the file5 of the Department of Pathology of the Nor~vegian Radium Hospital from 1964 to 1974. A nephrectorny had been perfornied in all cases. Clinical information on sex, age, survival time and metastases was traced. The histological slides were examined and turnour growth pattern, cell type, cell shape, nuclear atypia, abnormal nucleoli, nuclear grade, va s c~~l ainrv asion and tumour demarcation mere all evaluated. Besides well-known prognostic factors j ~ ~ cash t uniour stage, presence or absence of metastases and vascular invasion, nuclear grade \sas found to be a useful prognostic factor. Younger patients were found to do better than older, and women better than men. Smaller tumours carried a better prognosis than larger and clear cell turnours had a better prognosis than those composed of eosinophilic or basophilic cells. The presence of spindle cells was a bad prognostic omen.
Open Access
The ovaric lobule, a histoembryological unit
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Vestfrid, Mario Alberto
Microscopic study of newborn female ovaries showed a constant and characteristic architectonic pattern on the surface area of the organ cortex. This pattern consisted of units that have been called "ovaric lobules" and that are made up of the various cellular types involved in the formation of the gonad (oocytes, cells derived from surface epithelium and connective-vascular elements). These structural units might be the site where synchronization or coordination for development and maturation of the successive groups of follicles occurs in post-natal life.
Open Access
Electron microscopic study on amyloid fibril formation in human lymph nodes
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Michio Dobashi; Fumiaki Yuda; Akihiro Masuda; Kazuo Terashima; Yutaka lmai
The purpose of this investigation was to clarify the mechanisms of amyloid fibril formation in human lymph nodes. In our present study, amyloid deposition was observed diffusely in all compartments of the lymph nodes. The deposition form showed extremely characteristic findings in its morphological features. Namely, amyloid deposits mainly consisted of clusters of round or oval nodules. Each amyloid nodule was frequently enclosed with long-stretched cytoplasmic processes of abutting reticulum cells and/or macrophages. Amyloid fibrils often formed parallel amyloid bundles radiating to outlying sections of the nodule from the center. The amyloid bundles closely adhered to the cytoplasmic membrane of not only the abutting reticulum cells, macrophages and sinus endothelium but also to the lymphocytes and plasma cells. In the central portion of the amyloid nodules, a concentric core was also observed. The most interesting finding was the intracellular formation of amyloid fibrils in all cells, such as macrophages, reticulum cells, foreign body giant cells and lymphocytes in the process of degeneration. Some fibrils localized in the limited area of the cytoplasm and others appeared in all parts of the cells, including the nucleus. Their cell membranes were missing in several areas and the cell organella had gradually dissolved. Finally the cell residuums were completely replaced by amyloid fibrils and transformed into a nodular structure with radiating bundles of amyloid fibrils.
Open Access
Density of epidermal Langerhans cells in psoriasis patients treated with an aromatic retinoid, RO 10 9359. An immunoperoxidase study using anti...
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Guzman de Fleury, M.; Tapia, F.J.; Soto, J.; Ghersi, N.; Convit, J.
Immunocytochemical techniques using antibodies to the specific T6 and Ia (Major Histocompability Complex, class 11, human HLA-Dr) antigens were used to determine the densities of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) in psoriasis patients treated with the aromatic retinoid RO 10-9359. Fourteen patients were treated with the aromatic retinoid and were skin biopsied before, during and after therapy. Two psoriasis patients receiving PUVA (systemic 8-metoxypsoralen + UVA irradiation) were included in the study. The results showed an increase in LC numbers during aromatic retinoid administration, which coincided with an improvement in the clinical severity of the lesions. At the end of retinoid administration the LC numbers were similar to those found in the initial psoriatic plaques. The density of la + LC, in comparison with T6 + LC in the epidermis of psoriatic plaques were significantly different. Dendritic and non-dendritic Ia+. cells were also observed in the dermis of the plaques. Unlike aromatic retinoid treated patients, PUVA treated patients showed a decrease of both T6+ and Ia + epidermal LC by the middle of therapy, a total absence of immunoreaction by the end of therapy, and a return to normal skin values a few weeks after treatment. This immunocytochemical study helps in distinguishing between dendritic and other possible Iaexpressing cells from the infiltrate that may penetrate the epithelium. These results do not conclusively demonstrate the role of LC in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Other factors, such Offprintrequests to: Dr. Felix J. Tapia, Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, lnstituto de Biomedicina, Apartado 4043, Caracas 101 OA, Venezuela " Deceased December 1983 as the interrelationship with other immune response cell types and alterations in the lymphokine cascade may be

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