Histology and histopathology Vol. 6, nº 2 (1991)
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- PublicationOpen AccessUltrastructural study of bronchial epithelium in chronic respiratory diseases(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Kaidoglou, K.; Aivazis, V.; Alvanou, A.; Saricos, G.; Tzimakas, Chr.; Foroglou, Ch.The fine structure of bronchial epithelium in thirt!,-six patients. thirty-one men and five women. suffering from chronic obstructive pneumonopathy or bronchial carcinoma was studied. No remarkable alterations were found with electron microscopy. in most non-smokers in contrast to the smokers who presented destruction of tlie epithelial cells and loss of thc cilia or many pathological cilia with an abnormal microt~~bular configuration and irregular orientation. The severity. however. of the alterations was not related to the severity of smoking and to the presence of bronchial cancer.
- PublicationOpen AccessAmitosis in human adrenal cells(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Magalhães, M. C.; Pignatelli, D.; Magalhães, M. M.Adrenal pieces obtained from 3 fcmalc ancl 2 ~nirle patients sho\\'cd morpl~ologicirl figures of umito4is in aclrcnirl zona ret ic~~l :~rcicsl ls. Such aspects were ohs c r \~~i~n cblo th normal and hyperactive aclrcnuls. Nuc,lci appeal-cd constricted. hea\ ill stained. \\.it11 coarse chromatin. sometimes scattered among c!toplasmic organcllcs. hut never niarginating in cre4ccntic cirps. C'lea\:~gc 01' the cells originated t\\lo hnl\,cs \\it11 a nucleolus in each pole. Rin~lcleateclc clls \vcl-c also seen in zona rcticularis. -1~Iie meaning ot' nmitosis in human aclren:rl i4 cIisc11~4ccI.
- PublicationOpen AccessGlomerular lesions in aleutian disease of mink Mustela vison A morphological and differential morphometrical study(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Nieto, J.M.; Alvarez, C.; Flores, J.M.; Romano, J.A morphological and morphometrical study has been carried out on glomerular lesions in mink with spontaneous Aleutian disease, using the WHO classification for Systemic Lupus Erytematous Nefritis. 154 renal samples from sick animals and 10 samples from uninfected mink were processed by routine histopathological techniques and metacrylate inclusions. The samples were studied quantitatively with an automatic image analyzer. 5 forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) were identified: mesangial glomerulonephritis (n = 13), focal and segmental GN (n = 10). diffuse GN (n = 99). membranous GN (n = 12) and advanced sclerosing GN (n = 10) and were associated with the degree of interstitial plasmocytosis. Glomerule morphometry was shown to be an excellent method for identifying the type of lesion, while it quantified the participation of various glomerular elements in the lesion.
- PublicationOpen AccessResponses of the astroglia in sensory deprived olfactory bulb of developing rats(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Martinez Garcia, Ma del Carmen; Cuervas-Mons, M.; Latorre Macarron, Emilia; Bullon Sopelana, Ma Manuela; Gayoso Rodriguez, Manuel J.The effects of ~rnilateral olfactor!, depri\,ation on tlie glial population during the olf~lctory h~llh tle\,clopmcnt lin\je hecn sturliecl. The lack of sensor! stimulation has hcen founcl to he related to an increase in gliofihril1;rry acirl protein (GFAP) in the tliree la!ers of tlic rlzprivcd bulbs. This increase is due to the lli~liern umber of aitrocytes in tlie depri\-ecl hulh. \vliicli is m~ ~ cml io re noticeable in the plcxifo~ml ayer than in tlic other t\jlo. together with :I Ii!.pertrol7li! of the rcacti\e irstrocytes resulting in an increase in tlie n~lmher ancl thickness of their prolongation\. Our results clcmonst~.ate that scnsory olfactor! depri\,ntion acts as other noxius agents on the CNS. causing gliosis in the olfactory hulb. This gliwis is revcalerl h!' astrr)c!,tic liyperplasia allcl Iiyp~rtropli!~.
- PublicationOpen AccessComparative morphological studies of lamb and calf Sertoli cells treated with anabolic agents(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Rodríguez Barbudo, M. V.; Mendez Sanchez, A.; Blanco Rodriguez, A.The morphological alterations caused by anabolic steroicls (oestradiol and trenbolone acetate) 011 the Sertoli cells of testicles in animals for human consumption (lambs and calves) were studied. The morphopathological study of the treated lambs revealcd delayed devcloptnent of thc scminiferous tubules, which was marked by signs of immaturity and even degeneration of Sertoli cells. The tnain n~orphopathological alterations affecting the Sertoli cells in calves occurred as hyperfunction symptoms marked by increascd nuclei and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
- PublicationOpen AccessElectron microscopic histochemical and immunochemical analyses of heparan sulfate proteoglycan distribution in renal glomerular basement membranes(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Rada, Jody A.; Carlson, E. C.Renal glomerular basement membranes (GBMs) exhibit a charge-selective barrier, comprised of anionic sites, that restrict the passage of anionic molecules into the urine. These sites are located primarily in the laminae rarae interna (LRI) and externa (LRE) of the GBM and consist of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). Previous efforts to localize HSPG core protein within various layers of the GBM have been contradictory. In the present study when rat renal cortex blocks were treated by immersion with the cationic probe, polyethyleneimine (PEI), GBMs exhibited anionic sites concentrated primarily in the LRE and more irregularly within the LRI and lamina densa. All sites were heparitinase sensitive indicating that PE1 positive sites represent negatively charged groups associated with heparan sulfate. In order to gain information on the distribution of the HSPG protein core, antibodies to HSPG from the EHS tumor matrix [anti-(EHS) HSPG] and GBMs [anti-(GBM) HSPG] were used together with immunogold to label thin sections of Lowicryl embedded kidney cortex. Depending upon the antisera used, markedly different distributions of HSPG were obtained. Immunolabelling with anti-(GBM) HSPG suggested a distribution of HSPG which was restricted to the laminae rarae, whereas labelling with anti-(EHS) HSPG indicated that the protein core penetrates through all layers of the GBM.
- PublicationOpen AccessMicrovascular pericytes, a review of their morphological and functional characteristics(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Díaz-Flores, Lucio; Gutiérrez, Ricardo; Varela, Hilda; Rancel, N.; Valladares, FranciscoA hundred years after the first description, niany aspects of pericytes reniain to be examined. Mesenchymal in origin, pericytes form an incomplete envelopment around the endothelial cells and within the microvascular basement niernhrane of capillaries and postcapillary venules. Morphologically. they appear as long, slender, polymorphic cells. showing an elongated cell body, from which arise longitudinal and circumferential branches. Cell bodies and cytoplasmic processes of pericytes. as well as the endothelial cells, are enveloped by the same basal lamina. except for where they make direct contacts with each other. The pericytet endothelial cell contacts are peg and socket. adlicsion plaques and gap junctions. making up structural mechanisms for force transmission and a possible receptor system for cells, in which the pcricyte and endothelial cells I-espond to secondary signals generated in the other cells. Electron niicroscopic studies have revealed an elaborate network of cytoplasmic filaments. Pericytc intermediate filament proteins show species and tissue differences. expressing vimentin or vimentin and desmin. The pericytes also express protein typical of contractile cells, i.e. smooth muscle-specific isoforms of actin and myosin, cyclic GMP-protein kinase and tropomyosin. A gradual transition is observed between pericytes and smooth muscle cells in both terminal a-terioles and venules. Several general functions for the pericytes have been postulated: contractability: permeability regulator: integrity maintainer; endothelial cell growth modulator; and cell progenitor with considerable mesenchymal potential.
- PublicationOpen AccessDevelopment of the small intestine of piglets in response to prenatal elevation of glucocorticoids(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Bate, L.A.; Ireland, William P.; Connell, B.J.; Grimmelt, B.The effects of prenatal adrenal stimulation and synthetic glucocorticoicl supplementation on developrncnt of the gastro-intestinal tract of the piglet were investigated. Twelve pregnant sows were treated with either ACTH infusion. Isoflupredone injection or Saline between days I05 and 112 of gestation. Neonatal pigs were weighed. bled and sacrificed at 0 or at 6 h. Piglets sacrificed at 6 h were fed bovine colostrum. Trailsvcrse sections were prcpared from the duucienuin. i e j ~ ~ n uman cl ileum for measurcment of thc villus amplification factor (VAF) and basal membrane circunifercnce. Sows in the ACTH group showed an cle\,ation in cortisol in response to infusion: this decreased aftcr infusion and then rose again at parturition. Piglcts from both the ACTH and Saline groups had more villus surface area per unit of body weight (BW) than those born to Isotluprcdone-treated animals. The BW of the ACTH piglets was lowcr (P < 0.05) than those of piglets in the other groups. Whcn the weight of thc stomach and the Small Intestine (SI) was cxpressetl as a function of thc body weight, tlic stomach and S1:BW ratio was larger (p < 0.05) in pigs born to ACTH-treated sows. The circumfcrence of the ilcurn was larger at 6 h than at 0 h. Control pigs had a higher concentration of bovine IgG at 4 and 6 h (P < 0.05). Observations of thc light microscvpic preparations indicated a less organized epithelium in both ACTH and isotluprcdone pigs sacrificed at O Ii. Light and EM preparations of ileum from ACTH pigs sacrificed at 6 h. showcd an abundance of dark-stained vacuoles. characteristic of IgG-containing structures. These became lcss evident in piglets from the Isotlupredone group and even less so in thc control groups. The consequences of these phenomena in terms of absorptive capacity are discusscd.
- PublicationOpen AccessCardiac and pancreatic lesions in guinea pigs infected with encephalomyocarditis. EMC, virus(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Petruccelli, M.A.; Hirasawa, K.; Takeda, M.; Itagaki, S.; Doi, K.Cardiac and pancreatic lesions were observed in guinea pigs infected with 2 variants (B and D) of encephalornyocarditis (EMC) virus. Cardiac changes were characterized by focal myocardial necrosis and subsequent replacement by immature granulation tissue. and the pancrcatic ones by vacuolar degeneration of acinar cells. In the electron microscopic esaminatioiis. tlie affected cardiornyocytes showed intracellular oedema. swelling andlor partial destruction of mitochondria, and distortion and disruption of myofihrils. Intracellular vacuolization and dilatation of roughsurfaced endoplasniic reticulurn (rER) were conspicuous in the damaged pancreatic acinar cells. In addition, intracisternal granules were found in dilated rER with a high frequency. These changes were common to animals infected with the B and D variants. On the contrary, B cell alterations: i.e. degranulation and degeneration of insulin granules, were detected only in animals infected with the D variant.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphology, differentiation and matrix production of liver cells in organoid cultures high density cultures of fetal rat livers(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Elkasaby, A.; Xu, D.; Schroter-Kermanil, Chr.; Merker, H. J.Tlie aim of this study \\as to dcn~ons t ratetl ie morpl~ologya nd matrix synthesis of ernl~ryonicr at liver cc.11\ (clay IS of gestation) in organoid cultures (high densit!, cultures) with electron microscopic and imm~~nomorphologictaelc hniclues. For this purpose tlie cells of embryonic rat livers were isolated enzyniaticall! and g r o ~i1~1 ;iin organoid culture (high clensit!, c ~ ~ l t u r e ) l'or .; weeks in n Trowell systern. During the first 48 h n sor t ing-o~~ptr ocess took place. i.e. liver and bloodforming cells met to form aggregates. In between mescncliynial cells were seen. Vessel-like cavities cleceloped. Electron microscopic inspection of the hepatocytes did not reveal any lesions of the cell organelles after 14 days in culture. As late as after a 3-week culture period niitochondrial s\~cllings ancl an increasecl number of autopliagic cacuole\ \\.ere ohse~.vccl. A rim of collagenous fibrils or fibrillar hun~llcs ancl granular matrix structul-es uas perceptible ;I\ earl! as after 7 days in culture. Immunofluoresccnce microscopic t e c h n i q~~eresv ealed collagen types 111. IV and V1 as well as laminin. nidogen. lieparansulfateproteoglycan and fibronectin in these areas. Thus, the composition of the matrix in this c u l t ~ ~ rsey stem corresponds (apart from the absence of collagen type 1 ) to tlie embryonic situation. Therefore. the organoid culture appears to be a n appropriate technicl~let o stuciy the l > c l i a ~ i oo~f~ lri epatocytes in \,itro. It is especially suited to clenionstrate the formation of matrix coliiponents in liver cells and their extracellular occurrence.
- PublicationOpen AccessHuman eccrine sweat gland. Expression of neuroglandular antigens and coexpression of intermediate filaments(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Wollina, UweAcrosyringium, duct and sccrctory cpithclium as well as m!wepithelial cells of human eccrine swcat glands have been characterized by different imm~~nos tainingpa tterns with nlono- and polyclonal antibodies to a wide spectrum of tissue antigcns. Using monoclonal antibodies to neuronspecific cnolase (NSE) and rnclanoma-associated antigens (LS 59. HMB-45. NKIIC-3) the expression of neuroectodcrmal antigens in sccretory coils was demonstrated. Myoepithelial cells were doublc-stained with polyclonal vimentin and monoclonal CAM 5.2 (against keratins nos. 8. 18. 19) antibodies.
- PublicationOpen AccessOvariectomy-induced changes in the adrenal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Stachowiak, A.; Nussdorfer, G.G.; Malendowicz, L.K.Many lines of evidence indicate that adrenocortical steroid hormones are involved in the development and maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Twenty-eight days after ovariectomy a notable decrease in the sistolic blood pressure (BP) was found in SHR, along with a marked atrophy of their adrenal cortices. The hypothesis is advanced that the ovariectomy-induced lowering in BP in SHR may be, at least partly, mediated by the suppression of the adrenal secretory activity, due to the lack of circulating estrogens, which are well known to stimulate hypophyseal ACTH release.
- PublicationOpen AccessScanning electron microscopy observations of nasal mucosa in patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Petrozza, V.; Vingolo, E.M.; Pacini Costa, J.L.; De Ruggieri, G.; Carpino, F.; Melis, M.A controlled study of the ciliated epithelium of olfactory lnucosa was perfornled on 25 patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa and in 5 healthy sul3jects. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed a bignificant lack of ciliated epithelia1 cells. These cells probably represent undifferentiated ciliated cells. These morphological alterations of the olfactory mucosn might correspond to similar changes in the outer segment of retinal photoreceptors in rctinitis pigmentosa.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe permeability of capillaries among the small granule-containing cells in rat superior cervical ganglia, an ultrastructural lanthanum tracer study(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Yat-Pang Chau; Chung-Liang Chien; Kuo-Shyan LuThe permeability of blood capillaries associated with small granule-containing (SGC) cells in rat superior cervical ganglia was investigated at ultrastructural level by employing ionic lanthanum as an electron dense tracer. In rat superior cervical ganglia, the majority of blood capillaries were nonfenestrated. Both fenestrated and nonfenestrated capillaries were observed in the area associated with SGC cells. Lanthanum tracer was observed in the lumina1 surface, the interendothelial cleft and the subendothelial perivascular spaces of both fenestrated and nonfenestrated capillaries associated with SGC cells. The external lamina of the Schwann cell which surrounded the neurons, nerve fibres and SGC cells were clearly delineated by the lanthanum tracer. Furthermore, the perineuronal space, the periaxonal space, and the pericellular space of the SGC cells were readily accessible to the lanthanum ion. The results demonstrated an absence of blood-nerve barrier, bloodganglionic and blood-SGC cell barrier to the lanthanum ion in the parenchyma1 area of the SGC cells in rat superior cervical ganglia. It is proposed that lanthanum may pass through the endothelial cells via 1) the fenestrae of fenestrated capillaries, 2) the intercellular junctions of both fenestrated and nonfenestrated capillaries, i.e., a paracellular pathway; and 3) the process of endocytosislexocytosis, i.e., a transcellular pathway. to reach the subendothelial space and be distributed in the parenchyma of SGC cells in rat superior cervical ganglia.
- PublicationOpen AccessEffects of alcohol on laminin in rat gastric mucosa(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Rightor, Kathryn S.; Schmidt, Carmen L.Following ethanol exposure, tlie gastric surface epithelium often exfoliates. leaving a denuded basal lamina. Viable cells from tlie gland migrate along thc basal lamina to repair the defect. a process known as restitution. Laniinin. the major lion-collagenous glycoprotein of basal laminac, functions in cellular adhesion and migration and. tliereforc. any alteration of this molecule b! ethunol may influence subsequent rcs t i t~~t ionA. fter a 5 o r 60 minutes treatment with saline. 5OCl/ll or 100% ethanol. gastric tissues were removed from fasted female Sprag~~e-Dawlerayt s, fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde and processed in Lowicryl. Once embedded and sectioned. specimens were incubated in anti-laminin followed hy protein A-gold. The area of lamina drnsa from interfoveolal-. pit and gland regions was measured and g,old particles counted. Absolute cthanol caused dirnin~shed imrnunogold binding in all regions at all time periods. except the gland at 60 minutes. Exposure to 50% ethanol for 5 minutes did not alter laminin bincling. although 60 minutes after 50%) alcohol, laminin immunolabelling was increased. Alcohol concentration alters laminin immuno~old binding. and therefore may influence restitituion.
- PublicationOpen AccessMyelinated Herring bodies in the median eminence of the cat(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Pastor, F.E.; Blazquez, J.L.; Toranzo, D.; Pelaez, B.; Sanchez, A.; Alvarez-Morujo, A.J.; Amat, P.An electron-microscopic study was carried out on the median eminence of cats during post-natal development. From the moment of birth (observations performed 12 hours later) Herring bodies were seen in the fibrillary layer of the median eminence. At 45 days after birth, myelinated nerve fibres could be observed, some of them containing neurosecretory granules. The number of myelinated fibres in the median eminence increased with age and at 90 days some Herring bodies appeared surrounded by myelin sheaths; these mainly contained neurosecretory granules and a few mitochondria.
- PublicationOpen Accesslmmunohistochemical demonstration of neuronal and astrocytic markers and oncofoetal antigens in retinoblastomas(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Antúnez, Jose R.; Couce, Marta; Fraga, Maximo; Garcia-Caballero, Tomas; Beiras, Andres; Perez-Becerra, Eugenio; Forteza, JeronimoGeneral opinion is that retinoblastomas, though not everyone agrees with that view. Some authors suggest that retinoblastomas are derived from a primitive retinal cell able to differentiate into both neuronal and glial cell lines. The aim of tlie present work was to study immunohistocheniically tlie expression of neuronal and astrocytic markers in retinoblastomas and at the same time the presence of tlie oncofoetal antigens carcinocnihryoiiic antigen (CEA) and alpha Focto Protein (AFP). since patients with retinoblastomas often show high oncofoctal antigen in serum levels. For this purpose we cnnployed the strcptavidin-biotin inimunopcroxidase technique in 13 cases of retinobla5toma to evaluate the presence ancl distribution of neuron-specific enolase (NSE). neurofilament protein (NF), glial fihrillary acidic piutein (GFAP), S-l00 protein. CEA and AFP. All 13 tumours \tudicd stained for NSE. Seven of them showed GFAP- and S-l00 positive per ivasc~~lgalri al cells as well as cells distributed randomly in the tuniour that were interpreted as non tumour cells. All 13 retinohlustomas lacked detectable NF, CEA, and AFP. These results \ ~ ~ p p o rtth e idea that retinoblastomas are neuronal tumour\. although retinal glial cells may become incorporated in the tumour and proliferate in response to the t u ~ ~ i o u
- PublicationOpen AccessA comparative pathological study of three strains of Trypanosoma cruzi in an experimental model(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) De Diego, J.A.; Penin, P.; Del Rey, J.; Mayer, R.; Gamallo, C.Trypanosoma cruzi. the etiological agent of Chaps' cliscase. shows a wide variation in its biological hcl ia\ . io~~dre pending on the geographical distribution of different strains. Moreover. sonic. strains can show; variations with the course of tinic. We have studied the tissular tropism of three strains of T. cruzi, Cali. Buli\,ia and Y. from different geographical origins (Colombia. Bolivia ancl I3rasil respectively) on Swiss inice in order to detect any pnrsihle modification in their behaviour attributable only to parasite but not to host variations. The anatoniopathological stud!! of sections from heart. brain. liver. spleen. lymphatic ganglion. skeletal muscle and colon from Swiss mice infected with these strains has cvidencecl the presence of some important tliscrcpancics hctwecn the tissular tropism expected from thcir former clescriptions. and classical typification and then observed lesions. The greatest variations were found in the Y strain which had been described as eniincntly I-eticulotropic but presented lesions in all the organs except tlie spleen and lymphatic ganglion. We consider that the x~ariationsf ound in our study can only be explained in ternis of changes in the properties of the strains consiclercd. and conclude that the classic typificrrtion techniques based on the constant! of the characteristics of the parasite are not fully reliable for the description and clinical management of some evolving strains.