Histology and histopathology Vol. 5, nº 2 (1990)

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Inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung. lmmunohistochemical analysis on four new cases
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Barbareschi, M.; Ferrero, S.; Aldovini, D.; Leonardi, E.; Colombetti, V.; Carboni, N.; Mariscotti, C.
Inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung (I.P.) is a quite rare benign lesion, variously named by different authors. In the present report four new cases of I.P. are presented and immunohistochemically studied with a panel of antibodies. Microscopically, the most prominent histological features were the presence of interlacing bundles of elongated histiocytic-like cells, plasma cell aggregates and lymphoid follicles. Irnmunohistochemistry showed that plasma cells are polyclonal. The spindle cells were negative for desmin, cytokeratins, lysozyme and S-100 and immunoreactive for alpha-l-antichymotrypsin, vimentin and for smoothmuscle alpha-actin. Actin and desmin, were clearly evident in the vessels' smooth muscle layers, highlighting the angioinvasive behaviour of the lesions. Our data are in keeping with literature suggesting that I.P. is due to a mixed histiocytic-myofibroblastic-reactive proliferation and support the inflammatory nature of IP.
Open Access
Distribution of type IV collagen, laminin, nidogen and fibronectin in the haemodynamically stressed vascular wall
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) kittelberger, Reinhold; Davis, Paul F.; Stehbens, William E.
Changes in the extracellular matrix of haemodynamically stressed blood vessel walls were studied by immunofluorescence histochemistry in venous-pouch aneurysms fashioned on the site of the common carotid artery of nine sheep. Tissues from the thickened walls of the experimental aneurysms were examined from 11 to 98 months post-operatively for changes in the distribution of the basement membrane components type IV coliagen, laminin, nidogen and fibronectin. In the younger aneurysms, there was an increase of the basement membrane components in the thickened area. Very little basement membrane was detected in older aneurysms. Diffuse staining for fibronectin was noted in aneurysms of al1 ages. Thick deposits of basement membrane material were observed in calcified tissues. The changes in the matrix próteins were similar to alterations occurring dunng the development of atherosclerosis in human vascular tissue.
Open Access
A morphometric study of the secretory granules of the granular duct in the submaxillary gland of the rat following stimulation with noradrenalin and isoproterenol
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Gutiérrez, M.S.; Galera, H.; Bullón, P.; Hevia, A.; Dorado, M. E.
In the present work, we carry out a morphometric analysis, at ultrastructural level, of the secretory granules of the granular undulated duct of the submaxillary gland of the rat, under basal conditions (Control Group or I), following stimulation for 10 minutes with 2 mg1100 g weight of Isoproterenol (Group 11), and following stimulation with 2 gamrnas/100 g weight of Noradrenalin for the same time as in the former case. It is seen that in general, Noradrenalin produces the appearance of a greater number of small granules than does Isoproterenol or the control group; and that Isoproterenol induces the presence of larger-sized granules than does Noradrenalin.
Open Access
Fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium of the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Braekevelt, Charlie R.
As part of a comparative morphological study, the fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the choriocapillaris and Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) has been investigated by light and electron microscopy in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). In this species the RPE consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells which display numerous very deep basa1 (scleral) infoldings and extensive apical (vitreal) processes which enclose photoreceptor outer segments. The RPE cells are joined laterally by prominent basally-located tight junctions. Internally smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the most abundant cell organelle with only small amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum present. Polysomes are abundant as are basally-located mitochondria which often displayed a ring-shaped profile. The cell nucleus is large and vesicular. Melanosomes are plentiful only within the apical processes of the RPE cells in the light-adapted state. Myeloid bodies are large and numerous and very often have ribosomes on their outer surface. Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) shows a pentalaminate structure but with only a poorly represented central elastic lamina. Profiles of the choriocapillaris are relatively small and the endothelium of these capillaries while extremely thin facing the retinal epithelium is but minimally fenestrated.
Open Access
First ultrastructural differentiation of myoblasts of chicken embryos: appearance of the initial filaments
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) González Santander, R.; Martínez Cuadrado, G.; Martínez Alonso, F.J.; Toledo Lobo, M.V.
A study is made of the structure and ultrastructure of myoblasts located in the myotome in chicken embryos, between stages 18 and 19, for electron microscope observation of the occurrence of the first myogenetic filamentous molecules. We suggest a hypothesis for the formation of initial filaments consisting of an initial synthesis of actin globular molecules, carried out in the centre of the myoblast, near the nucleus, with the participation of RNA and the ribosomes. These molecules accumulate peripherically in areas below the plasmatic membrane where they polymerize into actin filamentous molecules which form the initial filaments. These move towards the sharp ends of the myoblast, under the plasmatic membrane, and thence to the interior of the cytoplasm, where they are evenly distributed. This genesis of initial filaments is independent of the influence of the nervous system. We postulate the existence of a single type of myoblast, of fibrillar form, with a dark central area containing the nucleus and the cell organelles, and two sharp, light end zones which contain only the initial filaments in a very light cytoplasmic matrix.
Open Access
Effects of experimental diabetes in the noradrenergic and cholinergic nerves of the rat small intestine
(Murcia: F. Hernández, 1990) Cuervas-Mons, M.; Morte, L.; Junquera, C.; Ramón y Cajal, S.
An histochemical research on cholinergic and noradrenergic fibres of the adventitia layer and of the myenteric plexus of the terminal ileum from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, after 20 weeks of evolution of the illness, was carried out to study changes in the innervation of the gut. The cholinergic nerves, revealed through their acetylcholinesterase activity, did not present alterations, but an evident reduction in number of the noradrenergic nerves and swollen intensely fluorescent varicosities, were observed, both in the perivascular and myenteric plexus of terminal ileum from diabetic animals.
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The effects of cyclophosphamide on the gonadotrophic cells of the normal rat
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Poblador, María S.; Rojas, Carmen; Raya, Antonio; Casares, José A.; Aparicio, J.; Lancho Alonso, José Luis
The effects of the administration of cyclophosphamide to male rats at doses of 400 mg/m2 for a period of 5 days and of 200 mg/m2 over two five-day cycles interrupted by a 21-day break reveal differences in the ultrastructural morphology of gonadotrophic cells between treated animals and normal controls. The ultrastructural data obtained coincide with the results obtained from the measurement of serum FSH and LH levels, indicating hypofunction. A significant fall was also recorded in blood testosterone levels. The two types of treatment did not give rise to morphological or functional differences.
Open Access
Distribution of the carcinoembryonic antigen CEA in gastric lesions. lmmunohistochemical testing of three novel monoclonal antibodies
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Berner, Aasmund; Bormer, Ole; Marton, Per F.; Nesland, Jahn M.
Three mouse monoclonal antibodies MAB (CEA 12-140-1, -2 and -4) raised against different CEA epitopes were tested in 32 gastric adenocarcinomas (18 intestinal type and 14 diffuse type) and 34 gastric lesions with severe and moderate dysplasia. The MAB stained 1 3 , l l and 13 out of the 14 diffuse carcinomas and 11,13 and 13 out of the 18 intestinal carcinomas. The dysplastic lesions were positive in 9, 9 and 6 out of 34 cases. Less than half of the cases with metaplastic epithelium adjacent to the carcinomas were also positive for MAB. All MAB showed the same pattern of reactivity without cross-reactivity. Their cumulative staining rate corresponded closely to that of polyclonal CEA antiserum, but the MAB stained more cells. The reactivity was confined to intracytoplasmic vacuoles in diffuse carcinomas and appeared diffusely in the cytoplasm or limited to the cell membrane in intestinal type of carcinomas. Our findings do not indicate CEA to be a reliable marker for malignant transformation in gastric mucosa.
Open Access
The role of the pericytes of the adventitial microcirculation in the arterial intimal thickening
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Díaz-Flores, Lucio; Valladares, Francisco; Gutiérrez, Ricardo; Varela, Hilda
Segments of rat femoral arteries, with one collateral each, occluded between ligatures and dissected from surrounding tissue, developed intimal thickening, with or without ligation of their collaterals. Numerous newly-formed capillaries from the surrounding arterial rnicrocirculation growing into the adventitia, tunica media and intimal thickening were demonstrated by means of serial longitudinal sections, predominantly in the ostium of the collateral. When the ligatures were applied without damaging the microcirculation surrounding the artery and the normal continuity of the adventitial vessels was unchanged, earlier presence of intimal thickening was observed. When the fibrous layers of the adventitia were removed at the moment of the arterial ligation, the continuity between newlyformed vessels of the neoadventitia and those growing into the media and neointima was much more evident. It was then noted that the pericytes constituted a major component of the intimal thickening. The introduction of contrast material in rnicrocirculation confirmed the connections between newly-formed adventitial and intimal vessels. At the beginning of the experiment, autoradiographic studies showed an increased DNA synthesis in the cells of preformed postcapillary venules and capillaries of surrounding arterial microcirculation and later in those of the newly-formed vessels growing into the arterial wall. These results indicate that newlyformed capillaries derived from surrounding arterial microcirculation penetrate the wall of the occluded arterial segments and contribute to the intimal thickening formation. It is likely that the pericytes and endothelial cells (EC) of these ingrowing vessels are sources of myointimal cells at the intimal thickening and of endothelium at the luminal surface, respectively.
Open Access
Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease): ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characterization of the peritrabecular cells
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Quacci, Daniela; Pazzaglia, Ugo Ernesto; Dell`Orbo, Carlo; Grazzia Ennas, María
The ultrastructure and the immunohistochemical pattern of the cells which are responsible for the bone resorption in the cortical infantile hyperostosis were investigated. The osteoclasts present a great positivity to MB1 antigen and a low positivity to OKM5. Mononuclear cells with primary lysosomes, looking like osteoclast ones are present in high concentration in peritrabecular spaces. These cells show a high positivity to OKM5 antigen and a low positivity to MB1 antigen. The mononuclear granulated cells are positive to tartrate-resistent acid phosphatase. The possible common origin and their co-operation in bone resorption is discussed.
Open Access
Retinal photoreceptor fine structure in the mallard duck (Anas platyrhinchos)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Braekevelt, Charlie R.
The retinal photoreceptors of the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) consist of rods, single cones and double (unequal) cones present in a ratio of about 1:2:1. The rods have relatively large cylindrical outer segments which in the light-adapted state reach to the retinal epithelial (RPE) cell bodies and are surrounded by the pigment-laden apical processes of these RPE cells. The inner segment displays an apically located ellipsoid of mitochondria and plentiful polysomes, some rough ER and Golgi zones. The rod nucleus is located within the outer nuclear layer and the synaptic pedicle displays both invaginated (ribbon) and superficial (conventional) synaptic sites. Single cones display a thin tapering outer segment, a large often heterogeneous oil droplet in the apical region of the inner segment, an ellipsoid of mitochondria and a prorninent paraboloid of glycogen. Double cones consist of a larger chief member which shows a thin tapering outer segment, a large heterogeneous oil droplet and a prominent paraboloid. The small accessory cone shows a thin outer segrnent, a small granular oil droplet and a paraboloid. As in the single cone, polysomes, RER and Golgi zones are also present within the inner segment. Near the outer limiting membrane the two members of the double cone show a membrane specialization on their contiguous surfaces. Both single and double cones display severa1 invaginated (ribbon) synapses as well as numerous superficial synaptic sites
Open Access
Ultrastructural changes in the rat pineal gland after sympathetic denervation. Quantitative study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Calvo, J.L.; Boya, J.; García-Mauriño, J.E.
Ultrastructural changes in the rat pineal gland were studied quantitatively 7 and 60 days after the sympathetic denervation by bilateral excission or decentralization of superior cervical ganglia. The surface occupied by pineal parenchymal cells decreased in rats of experimental groups with respect to the control group. Furthermore, profile areas of the cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus of the pinealocytes were also diminished. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the pinealocytes were markedly decreased in number and size in experimental rats. As demonstrated by the Kruskal-Wallis H test, statistically significant differences were found between rats of the control and operated groups. Rats treated by superior cervical ganglionectomy or decentralization showed morphological changes indicating a hypofunctional pineal gland, although differences were found between both groups.
Open Access
Taste bud density in circumvallate and fungiform papillae of the bovine tongue
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Dasgupta, Kaberi; Singh, Amreek; Ireland, William P.
Taste bud quantitation may provide useful parameters for interspecies comparisons of the gustatory system. The present study is a morphometric analysis of bovine taste papillae. Circumvallate and fungiform papillae from six bovine tongues were serially sectioned and, following staining, analyzed. Circumvallate papillae were found to have a mean volume of 3.66 * 2.82 mm3, a mean number of taste buds per papilla of 445 f 279, and a mean taste bud density of 155 112 buds/mm3. Values for lateral fungiform papillae for the same three parameters were 0.384 f 0.184 mm3, 13.2 f 13.4, and 40.8 * 46.6 buds/mm3, respectively. Values for dorsal fungiform papillae were 0.438 f 0.246 mm3, 4.39 f 4.78, and 14.0 f 17.1 buds/mm3, respectively. Circumvallate papillae were found to have a significantly greater volume, number of taste buds per papilla, and taste bud density than either type of fungiforrn papilla. These data should serve as background for biochemical, endocrinological, or neurological studies involving the bovine tongue
Open Access
The fiber system of the choroidocapillaris
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Krebs, Wolf; Krebs, Ingeborg P.
In the central choroid of three cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus) and a baboon (Papio anubis) the shape of the choroidocapillary sinus is determined by a system of interstitial collagen fibers, the ccfiber system of the choroidocapillaris~~T.h e inner leaflet of this system is Bruch's membrane. The outer leaflet consists of interwoven collagen bundles, covering the roof of the capillary sinus. Straight bundles of collagen fibers passing through connective tissue columns in the choroidocapillary sinus connect both leaflets. Forces created by changes in the arterial tone in the vascular stroma may be transmitted by the choroidocapillary fiber system to the elastic layer of Bruch's membrane
Open Access
Amyloidosis in adrenal glands of hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Novoa, C.; García, P.; Rollán, E.; González, J.L.
Thirty 10-week-old hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with Leishmania infantum amastigotes and were serially killed after 15,30,45,60,75 and 89-90 days. The adrenal glands of each of them were examined by means of light and electron microscopy. The cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland showed a progressive deposition of amyloid, selectively identified by both optical and ultrastructural techniques. It has been suggested that adrenal amyloidosis during visceral leishmaniasis is directly related to a stimulation of the phagocitary mononuclear system due to the persistence of the antigenic stimulation of the parasite. In addition to these deposits, the presence of inflammatory infiltrates containing lymphocytes, plasmocytes and macrophages with leishmanias confirmed the establishment of leishmaniasis. The deposition of the amyloid fibrils finally leads to the partial destruction of the adrenal parenchyma
Open Access
Modification of swine serum-induced bile duct lesion in BALB/c mice by cyclophosphamide
(Murcia: F. Hernández, 1990) Doi, K.; Honjo, K.; Doi, C.; Mitsuoka, T.
Effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) on the antibody titer level and incidence and severity of swine serum (SS)-induced bile duct lesion (BDL) were examined. BDL induced by 0.2 m1 of SS per head twice a week for 2 weeks was characterized by hyperplasia of biliary epithelial cells, proliferation of mucous glands, and periductal infiltration of eosinophils with mild fibrosis. CY showed no significant influence on the above-mentioned parameters at the dose levels of 140 and 210 mg/kg. On the other hand, CY lowered the antibody titer level and decreased the seventy of BDL at the dose level of 280 mg/kg, and it suppressed the antibody response and BDL at the dose level of 280 X 2 mg/kg. Thus the antibody titer level and the severity of BDL were closely related each other.
Open Access
Type IIC fibres in certain muscles of the adult rat (sedentary and exercised)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Morales-López, J. L.; Agüera, E.; Vivo, J.; López-Rivero, J.L.
Samples were taken, at fixed levels, of the vastus lateralis, the caput lateralis of the gastrocnemius muscle and the longissimus lumbaris of 72 Wistar rats which were either sedentary or subjected to various exercise schedules. The samples were analyzed using the histochemical technique of myosin ATPase (m-ATPase) after preincubation at pH 4.2, and the fibre-types I, I1 (IIA and IIB) and IIC were identified, calculating the percentage of type IIC fibres as well as their minimum diameter. The percentages of these IIC fibres found in the red and mixed parts of the gastrocnemius (caput lateralis) and the longissimus lumbaris were between 0.7% and 2.6%. However, their presence was not detected in the vastus lateralis or in the white part of the gastrocnemius (caput lateralis). The lack of differences in this fibre type between the males and females of the population was shown statistically. Likewise, no significant modification of the IIC fibres between sedentary and exercised animals was seen. With regard to fibrillar size, females showed a smaller minimum diameter than males, the results showing a small increase in the size of these fibres in both sexes after exercise, although in most cases this was not statistically significant.
Open Access
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid: Classical and variants
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Chan, John K.C.
Papillary carcinoma, the commonest primary cancer of thyroid, exhibits a broad morphological spectrum. In this review, the clinicopathological features of papillary carcinoma, classical and its variants (follicular, solid, cribriform, variant with exuberant nodular fasciitis-like stroma, encapsulated, diffuse sclerosing, diffuse follicular, tall cell, columnar cell, oxyphil cell, c> occult, latent and microcarcinoma) are summarized.

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