Histology and histopathology Vol. 5, nº 4 (1990)

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Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis (Refsum's disease)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Cervós-Navarro, J.
A female patient started to develop deafness and vertigo at the age of 29. In the following years she became atactic and retinitis pigmentosa was discovered. The diagnosis of Refsum's disease was reached on the grounds of the high concentration of phytanic acid in plasma. The patient died 23 years after onset of the first symptons. Liver, spleen and kidney showed lipofuscinosis and pigment-laden macrophages. The retina was atrophic and its pigment discontinuous. The meninges contained lipid-laden macrophages. The nerve cells in brain and spinal cord as well as the astrocytes and perivascular macrophages stored substances weakly PAS-positive and sudanophilic. The nerve cells accumulated lysosomes and residual bodies. In the astrocytes, the residual bodies were extremely polymorphous and contained inclusions with bilamellar ribbon-like structures. In the oligodendroglia the residual bodies displayed high electron density and finger print-like pattern. Peroxisomes were found in glial cells and microperoximes in neurons. The ultrastructural findings in the present case demonstrate that in terminal stages phytanic acid can reach the brain parenchyma passing through the BBB. Further autopsy studies will be necessary to determine whether these changes are consistent findings in Refsum's disease.
Open Access
Is it coincidence that iron and melanin coexist in hepatic and other melanomacrophages?
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Henninger, Jeanne M.; Beresford, W.A.
Use of a Prussian-blue histochemical method shows iron in some but not all hepatic melanomacrophges of turtle, alligator, caiman and anole. The hypothesis prompted is that melanornacrophages in general synthesize melanin to render less noxious free radicals arising from catalysis by the iron.
Open Access
Sites of lymph follicle formation in the draining popliteal lymph nodes of mice locally injected with antigenic and mitogenic substances
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Hee Kyung Ahnl; Hajime Hoshi; Kaeko Horie; Hidetsugu Nagata
Our previous studies showed that some antigenic and mitogenic substances, when locally injected into mice, efficiently produced new lymph follicles outside pre-exisiting follicles in draining lymph nodes, whereas others had virtually no effect. In the present experiments, young adult male mice were injected with several antigens and mitogens in the rear footpad, and the number and development sites of newly produced lymph follicles in the draining popliteal nodes were studied using serial sections of the nodes obtained between 5 and 21 days after injection. In the unstimulated state, each popliteal node contained a limited number of lymph follicles which mostly lay in a portion of the peripheral cortex overlaying the deep cortex (this portion is referred to as the PCOU), whereas a portion of the peripheral cortex extending beyond the deep cortex (referred to as the PCBU) was underdeveloped with only occasional follicles. Mice treated with soluble PHA or fluid tetanus toxoid developed germinal centers in association with existing follicles but failed to produce new follicles. The PCBU of the draining nodes remained underdeveloped, and the number and distribution pattern of lymph follicles within a draining node were comparable to those in the control node. Animals treated with LPS (50 pg). Con A, alum-precipitated PHA or alum-precipitated tetanus toxoid produced significantly large numbers of new follicles outside pre-existing follicles in the draining nodes, the new follicles produced in the PCBU being generally more numerous than those in the PCOU. In these draining nodes, the peripheral cortex, comprising a number of follicles, was found to overlie the deep cortex and extend beyond the deep cortex towards the hilar region. In animals given a less effective stimulant, such as ferritin or a smaller dose of LPS (10 pg), the draining nodes produced a relatively small number of new follicles, most of which were formed in the PCBU. The present results indicate that in the mouse popliteal node, the PCBU is morphologically underdeveloped under normal conditions. but develops lymph follicles in response to exogenous stimuli more readily than the PCOU, and that substances efficient in inducing follicle formation can be regarded as capable of stimulating the development of the peripheral cortex.
Open Access
Results and histological development of various surgical techniques for correcting eversion of the third eyelid in dogs
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Mañé, M.C; Vives, M.A.; Barrera, R.; Bascuas, J.A.
An experimental study was made of 20 dogs in order to compare various surgical techniques used to correct eversion of the third eyelid, namely resection of most of the cartilage, resection of the central portion of the cartilage, and cartilage homotransplantation. An analysis was made of histological results obtained 45 days after operation, the most satisfactory result being recorded for homotransplantation of the third eyelid cartilage.
Open Access
Spindle cell lesions of the urinary bladder
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Young, Robert H.
Spindle cell proliferations of diverse types which vary greatly in their behavior may occur in the urinary bladder. Some of them such as the inflammatory pseudotumor and the postoperative spindle cell nodule are reactive and clinically benign although they may be responsible for significant symptoms. On the other hand, certain other lesions such as sarcomatoid carcinomas are typically highly malignant tumours. The features of the inflammatory pseudotumor and postoperative spindle cell nodule have only recently been defined. The tendency of the former to occur in young patients and the association of the latter with a recent operative procedure are important pieces of clinical information which may prevent their mis-diagnosis. The diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma should always be considered when a malignant spindle cell proliferation is encountered in the urinary bladder. Careful search for minor foci of obvious epithelial differentiation is important in establishing the diagnosis which may also be aided by immunohistochemical staining for epithelial markers. Sarcomatoid carcinoma should be distinguished from the rare transitional cell carcinoma with pseudosarcomatous stroma and from carcinosarcoma. The final lesions briefly reviewed here are mesenchymal tumors both benign and malignant, which generally do not pose the same degree of diagnostic difficulty as non-neoplastic mesenchymal proliferations and sarcomatoid carcinomas.
Open Access
The histopathology of tissue lead retention
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Greenberg, Stephen R.
An experimental murine model of chronic lead retention is established. This model excludes joint communication and synovial fluid solubility of lead ions recognized in human gunshot injury. Degenerative changes in the visceral organs and bone appear in these mice 30 days after implantation of lead spheres in the subcutaneous tissues of the posterior body wall. Degeneration, necrosis and interstitial fibrosis of the lung, kidney and remodeling of femoral bone are noted during the course of the experiment (120 days). It is concluded that the systemic diffusion of lead ions from a central focus is related to the development of an absorptive circulatory mechanism around the retained peripheral lead mass.
Open Access
Fine observation on nerves colonizing the regenerating tail of the lizard Podarcis sicula
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Alibardi, Lorenzo; Miolo, Valentino
During the regeneration of lizard tail, nerves sprouting from ganglia and the spinal cord invade the blastema as far as the apical epidermis. Electron microscopical observations reveal axons storing dense granules (dg) and dense core vesicles (dcv) which are concentrated in nerve terminals or in axoplasmatic regions. In the regenerating spinal cord (SC) these terminals resemble aminergic-peptidergic endings and grow as far as the distal portion of the SC, which is made up of irregularly arranged ependymal cells. Some axons storing dcv contact blastematic cells and other nerve terminals show a plasma membrane incomplete or broken. Whether this latter aspect is due to fixation artifacts or physiological rupture is unknown. Nerves containing dcv and a few dg also originate from spinal ganglia innervating the regenerating tail. The accumulation of material into these endings is probably slow and a possible trophic influence on the regeneration of lizard tail is discussed.
Open Access
Changes in the number and distribution of Langerhans cells in the hydantoin hyperplasic gingiva as compared with the clinically normal one
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Ibañez, P.; Sagredo, E.; Pino, A.
A study was made of the number of Langerhan's cells (LCs) per mm2 of section which express the antigens T, and/or HLA-DR in seriated gingival sections of diphenylhydantoine-induced hyperplasia (HG) and clinically normal gingivae (NG). NG showed histological correlation with its macroscopic appearance. In HG the classical histopathological findings were verified, as well as the epithelial maturation irregularities, conducive to the development of epithelial gaps. In the immunostained samples, LCs appear amply distributed in the epithelium in greater numbers than in NG and more branched except in the immature areas, where they mostly express HLA-DR. In HG keratinocytes, HLA-DR' are observed in the basal layer, except in developing epithelial gap zones. The Wilcoxon test for the NG-T6lNG-DR and HG-T,/HGDR was not significant; but the Mann Whitney test for NG-TdHG-T, and NG-DWHG-DR was significant to p < 0.05. It is understood that the increase in LC numbers in HG is a manifestation of their active participation in local immune reactions. The presence of DR+/T,- LCs in the less keratinized areas seems to indicate the relationship of LCs with epithelial proliferation and/or differentiation.
Open Access
Histogenetic evolution of bovine gastric compartments during the prenatal period
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Vivo, J.; Robina, A.; Regodón, S.; Guillén, M.T.; Franco, A.; Mayoral, A.I.
In order to carry out this study, 62 embryos and fetuses of Friesian cows were used, and every stomach was dissected and subjected to the usual laboratory procedures. After obtaining each preparation all the histological and metrical changes that took place in the wall of the viscus during its development are described. The compartments are histologically differentiated into three stages: in the first one there is no compartment differentiation: in the second one, the rumino-reticulum, omasum and abomasum have differentiated; and in the third one every compartment is differentiated. In group 16, (78 days of gestation), a decrease in thickness of the muscular layer of all compartments, parallel to the histological differentiation has been observed.
Open Access
Scanning electron microscopy of swine lymphoid organs
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Ramos, José; Ramis, Antonio J.; Rabanal, Rosa M.; Marco, Alberto; Domingo, Mariano; Ferrer, Luis M.
The aim of this investigation was to study by scanning electron microscopy the structure of several swine lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and tonsil). Two groups of animals were used: sixmonth- old pigs and six- to nine-day-old piglets. Samples were jet-washed to eliminate most free cells in order to observe the reticular framework of these organs more clearly. Peyer's patches in piglets showed two types of villi. In one of them the cellular types were absorptive cells and goblet cells. The second type of villi were shorter and wider, with M cells characterized by presenting long, thick microvilli over their surfaces. Peyer's patches of pigs did not show this second type of villi but were usually covered by absorptive villi. The soft palate tonsil was similar in both groups of animals with its surface epithelia1 cells full of microfolds, partially and frequently obscured by microorganisms. The appearance of the surface epithelium in the same crypt was different depending on the area. There was a large number of holes through which cells apparently passed towards the crypt lumen. The medulla in the lymph nodes was at the periphery and showed a dense reticular framework. Cortex-like lymphoid tissue was formed by lymphoid follides and diffuse lymphoid tissue with high endothelid venules and lymphatic sinuses. The serosal surface of lymphoid organs was formed either by a typical mesothelial cell layer (small intestine) or by loosely arranged connective fibers (lymph nodes).
Open Access
Haemangioblastoma, Histological and immunohistological study of an enigmatic cerebellar tumour
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Cruz-Sánchez, F. F.; Rossi, M.L.; Rodríguez-Prados, S.; Nakamura, N.; Hughes, J.T.; Coakham, H.B.
Paraffin-embedded blocks of 36 cerebellar haemangioblastomas were reacted with a panel of antibodies including glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, Factor VIII, a neuroendocrine marker and with Ulex europaeus. agglutinin The main histological features, apart from the characteristic large abnormal vessels, were a prominent reticulin network, a cystic architecture and cellular and nuclear polymorphism. Two cell types were identified: endothelial and stromal. Twenty tumours were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein because of included or reactive astrocytes as well as positive stromal cells. Vimentin was positive in all tumours with a diffuse distribution and a somatic pattern; blood vessels, stromal cells and reactive astrocytes were strongly positive. Factor V111 and Ulex europaeus agglutinin reactivity were present in a similar pattern of staining in endothelium and in five cases there were stromal cells that were positive with the latter. We were not able to ascertain the histogenesis of the stromal cell, which remains enigmatic.
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Mononuclear cell infiltrate, HLA-Dr expression and proliferation in 37 acoustic schwannomas
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Rossi, M.L.; Jones, N.R.; Esiri, M.M.; Havas, L.; Nakamura, N.; Coakham, H.B.
Frozen sections from 37 schwannomas of the V111 nerve were reacted with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to macrophage, lymphocyte, I-ILA-Dr invariant chain and nuclear proliferation antigens. A moderate number of rnacrophages was demonstrated in 96% of tumours. CD8- and CD4- lymphocytes were detected in slightly smaller numbers in up to 87% and 23% of tumours respectively. B-lyrnphocytes were present in only 2/32 cases and NK-cells were absent from all 16 cases tested. HLA-Dr antigen was expressed by macrophages in most cases and by tumour cells in 13/24 tumours. These findings may represent evidence for a degree of cellular immune response. Occasional cells featuring nuclear proliferation were detected in 15/27 cases.
Open Access
A histological study of the Shionogi adenocarcinoma 115 grown in male and female mice
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Rowse, Guerry J.; Rowan, Rosemary E.; Worth, Ann J.; Reid, Phil E.; Weinberg, Joanne; Emerman, Joanne T.
We have previously demonstrated that growth rate and morphology differ between androgenresponsive Shionogi mouse mammary tumours maintained in male and female mice. Furthermore, we can modulate the growth rate of these tumours in male mice by exposing the mice to psychosocial stressors. In the present study. we were interested in determining if tumours in male mice with a comparable growth rate to that in females, also had a morphology similar to that in females. SC115 tumours were examined using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Tumours in male mice were easily distinguishable from tumours in female mice regardless of growth rate. Tumours maintained in female mice contained osteoidlike regions which stained positive for sialic acid and sulphate moieties. No such regions were observed in any of the tumours from male mice. In addition, although all tumours contained MSA (muscle specific actin) -positive and S100 protein-positive cells, these regions were more extensive in the tumours of female mice. This study suggests that tumour growth rate and morphology are independently regulated by the host environment
Open Access
The phylogenetic odyssey of the erythrocyte. II. The early or invertebrate prototypes
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Glomski, Chester A.; Tamburlin, Judith
Freely existing hemoglobin-bearing cells suspended in a plasmic milieu (erythrocytes) are found in a relatively small number of taxanomically scattered invertebrates. These species include some annelids, echiurids, molluscs, phoronids, nemerteans and echinoderms, e.g. Pista pacifica, Urechis caupo, Noetia ponderosa, Phoronis australis, Lineus fuscoviridis and Cucumaria miniata respectively. The typical invertebrate erythrocyte (hemocyte, coelomocyte) can be described as permanently nucleated, considerably larger than the human red cell, oval or circular in configuration and spherical. biconvex or flattened in profile. The marginal band of the erythrocyte, a bundle of subplasmalemmal microtubules that circumscribes the periphery of the cell and lies in the plane parallel to its flat surface makes its first appearance in certain invertebrates. This structure in association with the cell surface-associated cytoskeleton is responsible for the flattened elliptical shape seen in some invertebrate erythrocytes and endows them with flexibility and resilience to mechanical forces. This in an evolutionarily persistent characteristic that is retained throughout the submammalian vertebrates. The erythrocytes of invertebrates are more morphologically and functionally diversified than the mammalian model. In addition to respiratory activities (oxygen storage and transport) they can sometimes function as vendors of nutrients and participate in other less obvious processes. These cells therefore frequently not only retain organelles that are usually discarded by vertebrate erythrocytes (ribosomes. golgi apparatus, etc.) but may also depending upon the species, manifest in their cytoplasm organelles and inclusions that are not a normal component of developing or mature submammalian vertebrate and mammalian erythroid cells. Examples of the latter are pigment granules, lipid droplets, extensive glycogen stores and prominent Prussian blue positive inclusions. Erythrocytes in the invertebrates, though presenting certain cytologic and functional features in common, are a heterogenous collection of cells, each tailored for a specific species or group of organisms.
Open Access
Effects of pinealectomy on the ultrastructure of the golden hamster parathyroid gland
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Huayue Chen; Shizuko Shoumura; Shoichi Emura; Michiya Utsumi; Tomo Yamahira; Hideo Isono
Ultrastructural changes of the parathyroid glands of pinealectomized golden hamsters were investigated. The main changes in the parathyroid glands 1 hour and 1 day after pinealectomy compared with the control and sham-operated groups were an increase of the Golgi complexes, cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and large vacuolar bodies. In addition, many chief cells contained numerous prosecretory granules in the Golgi areas and many secretory granules in the peripheral cytoplasm. The morphology of the parathyroid glands 7 and 30 days after pinealectomy resembled that of the control parathyroid glands. These results suggest that pinealectomy affects the secretory activity of the parathyroid gland.

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