Histology and histopathology Vol. 6, nº 4 (1991)

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Chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori. Correlation between histological and bacteriological findings
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Paz-Bouza, J.I.; García, I.; Abad, M.M.; Muñoz, Enrique Guillermo; Rincón, M.R.; Bullón, A.
Biopsy specimens of gastric and duodenal mucosa from 326 patients were examined bacteriologically and histologically to determine the correlation between chronic gastritis and H. pylori colonization. H. pylori was identified in 111 (66.5%) patients with evidence of chronic gastritis and in 97 (82.2%) individuals who had gastritis associated with other pathology (gastric o duodenal ulcer, carcinoma o bulboduodenitis). The spiral bacteria was found more frequently in specimens with chronic superficial gastritis (881107) and no significant difference was observed between the grade of activity of gastritis and H. pylori colonization. Giemsa stain was the most suitable method for detecting H. pylori in histological sections. By electron microscopy the microorganism was seen on the surface of the gastric mucosa, beneath the mucous layer, and more occasionally in intercellular junctions and the gastric pit.
Open Access
Ultrastructural study of the neuroglial and macrophagic reaction in Wallerian degeneration of the adult rat optic nerve
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Carbonell, A.L.; Boya, J.; Calvo, J.L.; Marín, J.F.
The Wallerian degeneration of the optic nerve of adult rat has been studied after destroying the retina. Animals were sacrificed between 4 days and 1 year after the lesion. Different cell types of the optic nerve have been studied ultrastructurally. Our results demonstrate the existence of a population of macrophages, probably of microglial origin, responsible for scavenging degenerated myelin. Astrocytes suffer a process of proliferation and hypertrophy. and are massively stuffed by gliofilaments, leading to a glial scar. These cells apparently do not participate in phagocytic phenomena, while some cytoplasmic inclusions (e.g. lipid droplets) suggest some implication in the local metabolization of some tissue degradation products. Oligodendrocytes do not undergo ultrastructural changes, showing a rather quiescent appearance.
Open Access
The modifications produced in allergic alveolitis and in goodpasture's syndrome due to exposure to cigarette smoke
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Escolar Castellón, J.de D.; Roche Roche, P.A.; Escolar castellón, A.; Miñana Amada, C.
Two groups of rats with experimental alveolitis were exposed to cigarette smoke. After comparing the results, the possible muffling effect of the cigarette smoke related to interstitial lung disease was discussed. 180 rats were divided into 6 groups of 30 animals each: Group 1: untreated controls; Group 2: exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 months: Group 3: sensitized with bovine albumin (BA) and exposed to an atmosphere with this antigen for two months, to reproduce a type of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA); Group 4: treated with a single daily dose of anti-lung serum for three days followed by two days without treatment, to reproduce a type of Goodpasture's syndrome; Group 5: exposed to cigarette smoke and to BA; Group 6: exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with anti-lung serum. The animals were sacrificed and their lungs were treated for: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), percentage lymphocyte count, polymorphonuclear (PMN) and alveolar macrophages (AM); semiquantitative and morphometric histological study. The semiquantitative study determined the area of the studied lung incision, affected by granulomae, increased alveolar aerial spaces, thickened alveolar walls and haemosiderine lung area. The morphometric study, based on the linear integration method, evaluated: the distance between two alveolar walls, the amount of interstice per field; and the number of AM with haemosiderine per field was counted. From the results we point out that the treated animals had significantly higher lymphocyte and BAL PMN counts than the untreated ones; no significant differences were found between the singly and doubly treated animals. The animals exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with anti-lung serum were those that showed the least number of lymphocytes and PMN of all the treated animals. The semiquantitative variables studied were all increased in comparison to the control group, most of the increases being significant. The morphometric variables revealed significant differences with respect to the untreated group, except for the animals which were treated with anti-lung serum and cigarette smoke, which showed a minimum decrease in the alveolar size and a slight increase of the interstitial tissue. Only one morphometric variable showed a significant difference between the group treated with anti-lung serum and the one treated with anti-lung serum and cigarette smoke: the number of AM with haemosiderine in the lung. From the results we conclude that: 1) exposure to cigarette smoke causes alveolo-interstitial alterations which are detected by means of BAL and histology; 2) these alterations have no adjuvant effect when combined with the administration of BA; 3) the alveolo-interstitial affection found in the animals exposed to cigarette smoke and anti-lung serum is lower than in the animals which were only given anti-lung serum.
Open Access
lmmunocytochemical study of the epithelial lining of naturally occurring cysts in the rat intermediate lobe
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Carbajo, S.; Carbajo-Pérez, E.; Hernández, J.L.; Vázquez, R.; Carvajal, J.C.
An immunocytochemical study of the epithelial lining of naturally occurring cysts in the rat intermediate lobe (IL) has been carried out. Paraffinembedded sections, in which cysts were identifiable, were treated either with anti-serotonin or anti-S-100 protein sera. S-100-positive cells were intermingled with glandular cells surrounding the cyst lumen. These S-100- positive cells sent slender cytoplasmic processes as if to cover the apical surface of neighbouring cells. Rarely were 5-HT-immunopositive cells seen in the cyst epithelial lining. Most cells of the marginal layer of the IL were found reactive either to an S-100 or a-5-HT serum. The presence of an epithelial lining positive to S-100 protein sera is in keeping with the notion that cysts in the IL might form as evaginations of the epithelial lining of the pituitary cleft. The lack of correspondence between 5-HT-positive cells in the marginal layer and the cyst lining is controversial. A peculiar spatial relationship of 5-HT cells with the vascular network of the IL is suggested.
Open Access
Sex-related differences in the nuclear population of postpubertal rat pineal gland. A quantitative study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) López Muñoz, F.; Boya, J.; Calvo, J.L.
Male and female parenchymal pineal cell types have been studied throughout postpubertal development to determine the existence of sex-related differences on a time basis. Six age groups (2, 3,4, 8, 15 and 24 months) of eight rats (4 males and 4 females) were used in this study. Nuclei of both parenchymal pineal cell types were counted in 5 areas of 26.377 pm' per pineal gland on semithin sections. Nonparametric statistics of our results (Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test) demonstrated significant differences between male and female pinealocytes through the stages studied. In all age groups, the number of nuclei per unit area was larger in female rats. Pineoglial cells did not show significant sex-related differences.
Open Access
The distribution of peptide-containing nerves in the synovia of the cat knee joint
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Abramobici, A.; Daizade, I.; Yosipovitch, Z.; Gibson, S.J.; Polak, J.M.
Synovial capsule in cats is extensively innervated by a network with axonal diameter ranging from 0.6-3 pm according to its position and neuropeptide content. Nerve markers such as Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and Neurofilament triplet protein (NF) could be observed only when the axonal fibre attained a critical diameter of over the 3 pm limit. The relatively thick fibres (1-3 pm) show positive immunoieactivity for Substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), and seldom coreact with NSE and NF. whereas, the thinnest fibres (0.6-0.8 pm) characterized to contain either Methionine or Leucine Enkephalin (M-Enk, L-Enk) did not coreact positively with axonal markers. We found that different anesthetics may effect variably the immunoreactivity of some neuropeptides (SP. L-Enk, 5-HT) while others (VIP, M-Enk) remained unaffected. Based on our data and the few reported ones in the pertinent literature, it is judged that urethane is the anesthetic of choice in experimental studies of neuropeptides. Our findings of isolated positive immunoreactive cell bodies to enkephalin in synovia might suggest the presence of intrinsic relay system, where the enkephalin acts as suppressor of SP and VIP release from the sunovium nerve terminals. Such a local inter-relationship between different neuropeptide systems might have a practical role on the understanding of the pathogenesis of different arthritic processes as well as therapeutic strategy in the future.
Open Access
Benign multicystic mesothelial proliferation of the peritoneum. lmmunohistochemical and electron microscopical study of a case and review of the literature
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Pelosi, G.; Zannoni, M.; Caprioli, F.; Faccincani, L.; Battistoni, M.G.; Balercia, G.; Bontempini, L.
We report a case of benign multicystic mesothelial proliferation (the so-called multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma) arising multifocally in the abdomen of a 46-year-old white man. His anamnesis showed an 8-year history of intermittent pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant. Mucin stains, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy confirmed the mesothelial origin of the lesion. Review of the available literature allowed us to find another 85 reported cases of benign multicystic mesothelial proliferations of the peritoneum. Out of these cases, eighteen only occurred in men, the majority being reported in middle-aged women mostly with complaints of abdominal pain. Electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry are needed to make a differential diagnosis towards other multicystic lesions, such as peritoneal cystic lymphangioma. Although multicystic mesothelial proliferations of the peritoneum have often been regarded as benign neoplasms, the true nature - neoplastic or hyperplastic - of these lesions still remains greatly elusive. Therefore, we believe that the unbinding term benign multicystic mesothelial proliferation (first used with regard to the unique hitherto reported case arisen in the pleural cavity) should be considered at present more appropriate to indicate even these peritoneal lesions.
Open Access
Morphogenesis and ultrastructure of the peripolar cells in the mouse kidney
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Sioga, A.; Manthos, A.; Economou, L.; Foroglou, Ch.
Peripolar cells are located in the outer layer of the Bowman's capsule. They surround the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and project into the urinary space. Morphologically they are characterized by the presence of secretory granules within their cytoplasm. In order to study their embryological development. we used 60 C57bl mice embryos (15th to 19th gestational day), 10 newborn mice (2 hours to 6 days old), 10 preadult mice (8-30 days old) and 4 adults (4 months old). Some granular cells, dispersed at the outer and inner layer of the Bowman's capsule, appear on the 17th gestational day. Later, these cells are found around the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle, located exclusively at the outer layer of the Bowman's capsule. Their granules are spherical and variously dense, they are surrounded by a membrane and their number increases progressively with time and reaches a maximum on the 4th postnatal day. Following that, there is a diminution and then their population stabilizes. By the end of the first month, there are only a few such cells (mean number 1 to 2). They become smaller and they always project into the urinary space.
Open Access
Argyrophilia in ovarian serous tumors. A comparative study in 127 epithelial ovarian tumors
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Meisui Lin; Jun Hanai; Hakira Wada; Masami Ozaki; kenji Nasu; Shigeru Okamoto; Keishi Matsumoto
The distribution of argyrophil cells in epithelial ovarian tumors was studied in 127 cases. The results showed that not only mucinous tumors and endometrioid tumors contained argyrophil cells, but also some serous tumors expressed argyrophilia. 31% of serous tumors including 40% of serous adenocarcinomas contained variable numbers of argyrophil cells. Argyrophilia has been demonstrated in mucinous tumors, endometrioid tumors and Brenner tumors before. However, this is the first time the presence of argyrophilia in serous tumors has been noticed. Moreover, the argyrophil cells in 5 serous carcinomas showed reactivity with Neuroendocrine (chromogranin A) antibody but not with serotonin. The expression pattern of argyrophilia in the serous tumors was different from that of the mucinous tumors; in the former, argyrophil granules appeared in apical portions or throughout the cytoplasm of single or clustered cells. In addition, the argyrophilia in some serous tumors and endometrioid tumors decreased after diastase digestion Ultrastructurally, no typical neurosecretory granule was found in the argyrophilic serous tumors. The findings in this study suggest that argyrophilia could be quite frequently found in ovarian epithelial tumors and in itself is not a very specific differential characteristic of carcinoid tumors. The argyrophilia found in a variety of epithelial ovarian tumors might lend additional support to the histogenesis and close relationship between the common epithelial tumors of the ovary.
Open Access
Morphological and histochemical pattern of responsein rat testes after administratnzo-ion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibe p-dioxin ,TCDD,
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Rune, G.M.; Souza, P.H.de; Krowke, R.; Merker, H. J.; Neubert, D.
Testes of rats, which had been injected with a single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (0.3 pglkg - 25 pglkg body weight [BW]), were studied after 7 days using morphological and histochemical means. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed that TCDD affected testicular morphology in a dosedependent manner. TCDD led to decreased intercellular contact, indicated by wide intercellular spaces between Sertoli cells between and Sertoli cells and neighbouring germ cells. Morphological alaterations in rat testes after TCDD administration included the sloughing off of premature spermatids into the tubular lumen and numerical increase of necrotic germ cells, in particular pachytene spermatocytes. Compared with control animals, Sertoli cells of treated rats exhibited an increased amount of lipid droplets and phagolysosomes. Vacuolization of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of the Sertoli cells occurred frequently. Examination of the different spermatogenic stages revealed that no stage was specifically susceptible to TCDD. In Leydig cells a decrease in enzyme activity of 313- and 1713-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases became evident bv histochemical investi"ea tion. This effect on steroidogenesis was already found at a dose of 1 pglkg BW TCDD, whereas n~orphologicael ffects were seen in the germinal epithelium for the first time at 3 pglkg BW
Open Access
Electron microscopic study of the occlusible tapetum lucidum of the southern fiddler ray (Trygonorhina fasciata)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Braekevelt, Charlie R.
The choroidally located tapetum lucidum of the southern fiddler ray (Trygonorhina fasciata) has been examined by light and electron microscopy in both light- and dark-adaptation. In this species. the tapetum consists of a single layer of overlapping cells oriented at an angle of about 30" to the incoming light. These are situated immediately external to the choriocapillaris. These tapetal cells alternate with and are separated from one another by melanocytes which have an inner extension that curves and intervenes between the tapetal cells and the choriocapillaris. The tapetal cells and the melanocytes are flattened cells with their widest dimension facing the retina. Internally the tapetal cells display a peripherally-located, vesicular nucleus with most of the cell organelles in a paranuclear location. The bulk of the cell is packed with regularly-spaced crystals reported to be guanine. The size and spacing of these reflective crystals is commensurate with constructive interference. In light-adaptation the small melanosomes of the melanocytes are widely dispersed and fill the portion of the cell intervening between the tapetal cells and the incoming light. This effectively occludes the tapetum as light is unable to reach the reflective material. In dark-adaptation the melanosomes withdraw from this location, exposing the tapetum to light and allowing it to act as a reflective layer. The retinal epithelium overlying the tapetal area is totally unpigmented so as not to interfere with the passage of light.
Open Access
A rapid intraoperative estimation of the proliferative activity in brain tumors
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Vaquero, J.; Martínez, R.; Arias, A.; Oya, S.
A technique for staining the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in tumor cells applied to smears from brain tumor biopsy specimens is described. This technique provides a rapid intraoperative evaluation of the proliferative activity in cerebral neoplasms and is a valuable complement to hematoxylineosin stained smears, supporting the critera of benignity or malignancy in these tumors.
Open Access
Evaluation of nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins in endornetrial pathology
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Mauri, M.F.; Fibbi, M.L.; Lo Re, V.; Albertoni, M.
In the current study the argyrophil staining technique for NOR proteins (Ag-NORs) has been performed on cases of different endometrial lesions, trying to find an aid in differentiating atypical hyperplasia from well differentiated carcinoma in biopsy specimens. We conclude that the Ag-NOR count, even though in endometrial carcinoma is significantly exceeding that of atypical hyperplastic endometrium, could be a misleading discriminator, because of a wide overlap of values in individual cases.
Open Access
The glomerular peripolar cell: a review
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Gardiner, D.S.; Downie, I.; Gibson, I.W.; More, I.A.R.; Lindop, G.B.M.
There is now morphological evidence from several species that the peripolar cell is a distinctive glomerular cell which may have a secretory function, although a secretory product has not been identified. Peripolar cells, like other glomerular epithelial cells, probably absorb plasma proteins from the glomerular filtrate. Peripolar cells may participate in regulation of sodium balance and the changes in renal function which occur at the time of birth. They are ideally situated to monitor the composition of the glomerular filtrate andlor the calibre of the glomerular arterioles. The relationship between pcripolar cells and other granulated glomerular epithelial cells must be clarified, however their morphology and unique anatomical site is suggestive of a specialised function.
Open Access
Identification of sensory neurons supplying receptors in lingual muscles of the rat: histochemical and retrograde labeling study with horseradish peroxidase
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Sherif, Mahmoud F.; Al-Zuhair, A.G.H.; Kharbat, Basem A.
Sensory innervation of lingual musculature was studied in young adult Wistar rats using retrograde labeling by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and combined silver impregnation and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) methods. Intra-lingual injection of HRP resulted in labeling of neuronal somata in the trigeminal, superior vagal, and second cervical spinal (C,) ganglia. When HRP was directly applied to the proximal stump of severed hypoglossal nerve, labeling occurred only in the cervical and superior vagal ganglia. Morphometric analysis revealed that the labeled neurons were of the smallsized category in all ganglia. However, in the trigeminal and C, ganglia, labeling occurred also among the medium-sized neurons. Combined silver and AchE preparations from lingual muscles revealed the absence of typical muscle spindles. Instead. there, were free and spiral nerve terminals in the interstitium. and epilemmal knob-like or bouton-like endings surrounding non-encapsulated muscle fibers. These terminals showed AchE -ve reaction in contrast to the motor ones. Few ganglionic cells were scattered along the hypoglossal nerve with uniform AchE +ve reaction in their perikarya. This indicates that medium-sized neurons in the trigeminal and C2 ganglia, and probably sensory neurons along the hypoglossal nerve mediate lingual muscle sensibility perceived by atypical sensory terminals.
Open Access
Varix of the heart causing outflow tract obstruction
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Salas Valién, J.S.; Ribas Ariño, M.T.; Palau Benavides, M.T.; González Morán, M.A.
We report a case about a neonate who died of severe subaortic stenosis due to a giant vascular dilation of the left ventricular outflow tract. We emphasize the fatal result of this benign lesion and make differential diagnosis with haemangiomas and valvular blood cysts.
Open Access
Warthin's tumor as a hamartomatous dysplastic lesion: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Takaaki Ohmori; Uraga, Naomi; Tabei, Ryo
The etiology of Warthin's tumor was sought by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods using 7 surgically extirpated samples and normal salivary glands as a control for the epithelial component. All the samples exhibited a variety of amyloid deposition in the interfollicular area of the lymphoid component. The interfollicular lymphoid cells were both T-cells and cells of B-cell lineage with an almost l to 2 population ratio. Most antigen-positive B-cells were plasma cells that exhibited polyclonality of irnmunoglobulin. B-cells were also present in the lymphoid mantles and a few were found in the germinal centres. The epithelial component exhibited mucinous and proteinaceous fluid in the lumen and varied immunohistological reactions; being particularly positive to carcinoembryonic antigen, S-100 protein, and B-cell antigen; quite similar to that of normal salivary duct cells. The results suggest that Warthin's tumor may not be a hamartomatous neoplasm at all but a hamartomatous dysplastic lesion.
Open Access
lmmunohistological signposts in central nervous system tumours with neuronal differentiation
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Cruz-Sánchez, F. F.; Rossi, M.L.; Rodríguez-Prados, S.; Cusi, V.; Coakham, H.B.
25 neuronal tumours with a panel of antibodies were studied and it was found that vimentin was present in 15 tumours. It was also found in a few cells within rosettes. PGP 9.5 showed a somatic pattern of staining with nuclear and perinuclear positivity in 23. Neurofilament reactivity was found in 14. Retina1 S-antigen was detected only in one medulloblastoma, 314 pineal tumours and 212 retinoblastomas. Reactivity. for synaptophysin was present in 215 medulloblastomas, 3/10 neuroblastomas and 212 retinoblastomas. GFAP was demonstrated in scattered tumour cells in 415 medulloblastomas. Two of these were the only tumours featuring bipolar differentiation whilst it was unipolar in the remainder. The significance of these findings in relation to the ontogeny of these tumours is discussed.
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Alteration of primate ovary surface epithelium by exposure to hexachlorobenzene: A quantitative study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Sims, David E.; Singh, Amreek; Donald, Alan; Jarrell, John; Villeneuve, David C.
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a fungicide and a pollutant of increasing concern in industrialized regions of the world. Reproductive failure is one of the effects of HCB upon mammals. Alteration of cell shape in the ovary surface epithelium (OSE) of Cynomolgus monkeys following oral administration of HCB was observed in this study. At the lowest dose used, 0.1 mgl kg body weight, a dosage that is associated with follicular degeneration, HCB caused quantifiable changes in length-to-width ratios of OSE. Measurement of cell shape by light microscopy offers a reliable indication of OSE changes induced by HCB.
Open Access
Ultrastructural study on the effects of hypophysectomy on the golden hamster parathyroid gland
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Shoichi Emura; Shizuko Shoumura; Michiya Utsumi; Huayue Chen; Tomo Yamahira; Daisuke Ayakawa; Michio Arakawa; Hideo Isono
The ultrastructure of the parathyroid glands of hypophysectomized golden hamsters was studied. In the parathyroid glands of hypophysectomized animals the Golgi complexes and secretory granules were significantly decreased and large vacuolar bodies were significantly increased compared with those of the control animals. In addition. the chief cells contained a few prosecretory granules in the Golgi areas and a few secretory granules were present in the peripheral cytoplasm. These results suggest that the synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone may be suppressed in the parathyroid glands of the hypophysectomized animals.

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