Histology and histopathology Vol. 6, nº 3 (1991)

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/10201/177532

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20

Open Access
Electron microscopic study of the effects of endotoxin on the cells of the hepatic sinusoid in normal and BCG sensitized mice
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) McCuskey, Patricia A.; McCuskey, Robert S.
Electron microscopic studies were conducted to access ultrastructural alterations in Kupffer cells and other cells lining the hepatic sinusoids at the peak of mediator release two hours after challenge with low doses of endotoxin under various conditions including reticuloendothelial system (RES) expansion and activation with BCG. BCG is known to sensitize animals to endotoxin rendering normally innocuous, low doses of endotoxin lethal. Low non-lethal doses (5 pg) of endotoxin activated Kupffer cells as well as caused isolated foci of cellular injury. However, animals which were treated with BCG had a highly activated and expanded RES system as evidenced by enlarged Kupffer cells with many extended cellular processes. Granulomas were prevalent and many reactive cells were present. After two hours marked cellular injury occurred to sinusoid lining and parenchymal cells when BCG treated animals were challenged with these same low doses of endotoxin. Cellular debris, fibrin, and platelets were observed in sinusoids often associated with Kupffer cells. These results suggest that the functional state of Kupffer cells is an important determinant in the host response to endotoxin. While there appears to be an effective clearance of endotoxin; the release of mediators by the highly activated Kupffer cells can be toxic causing hepatocellular injury.
Open Access
Circadian and seasonal variations in pineal gland intercellular canaliculi in the white rat
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Martínez Soriano, F.; Cimas García, C.; Ruíz Torner, A.
Seventy Wistar rats are used to study the changes in pineal intercellular canaliculi over a 21-hour period and for two different photoperiods (pre-autumn, first week of September, and winter, first week of February). The study considers these changes at pineal body, cortical and medullar level separately, and compares the values obtained. The results show variations in canalicular surface at different point times (10:00, 14:00,18:00) and for both photoperiods. The variations are found to favour the cortical layer, and are also observed between nocturna1 and diurnal hours. Canalicular surface to greater during the diurnal hours of both photoperiods. Interesting histological findings are described that suggest an important function of the intercellular canaliculi in pineal gland metabolic exchange.
Open Access
Pathological changes in dendrites of substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson's disease: a Golgi study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Patt, Stephan; Gertz, Hermann-Josef; Gerhard, Lieselotte; Cervós-Navarro, J.
Neurons of the substantia nigra show severe morphological changes in Parkinson's disease. Pathological alterations of cell bodies have been described, whereas those of neuronal processes have hardly been investigated. Golgi impregnation has been the chosen method for demonstrating neuronal processes and dendritic and somatic spines. We therefore used the Golgi-Braitenberg method to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively study the substantia nigra of eight patients with Parkinson's disease compared with eight control cases. Golgi impregnation of substantia nigra neurons was good in al1 control cases. In full agreement with the analysis of Braak and Braak (1986) three neuronal types within the substantia nigra were found. In cases of Parkinson's disease, severe pathological changes such as decrease of dendritic length, loss of dendritic spines and severa1 types of dendritic varicosities were found only in the melanin-containing pars compacta neurons. Pars reticulata nerve cells were intact. These findings support the predominant role played by the dopaminergic efferent pathway in the degenerative process. The afferent pathway was not affected. This suggests that the substantia nigra lesion is primary in Parkinson's disease. Loss of neurons found in H & E sections corresponded to a lesser amount of impregnated pars compacta neurons in cases with Parkinson's disease when compared to controls. Evidences exist that the duration of the disease may be related to the extent of pathologically altered Golgi-impregnated pars compacta cells. The amount of Lewy bodies in H & E sections corresponded to the quantity of round varicosities in impregnated pars compacta neurons. These round dendritic varicosities were considered to be Lewy body inclusions. They seem to have no influence on the dendritic spine density and morphology in most cases.
Open Access
Myofibroblasts and myoepithelial cells in the chicken Harderian gland
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Cacho, Emilio del; Gallego, Margarita; Felices, Carlos; Bascuas, J.A.
An electron microscopic study of the myoepithelial cells in the chicken Harderian gland provides evidence that these cells can be transformed into myofibroblasts. After the application of a Brucella ovis suspension in sterile saline onto the eyeball, every 5 minutes for half an hour, myoepithelial cells gradually develop over a 90-minute period the characteristic features of myofibroblasts: bundles of intracytoplasmic microfilament; abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum; prominent Golgi complex; and surface membrane differentiations, that provide attachment to neighbouring epithelial cells. No typical desmosomes are observed. Besides, the intercellular space between epithelial cells and myofibroblasts increases and the basement membrane adjacent to myofibroblasts disappears. Hypoxia is hypothesized to be involved in the transformation of myoepithelial cells into myofibroblasts.
Open Access
Helicobacter pylori in Barrett's esophagus
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Ferreres, Joan-Carles; Fernández, Fidel; Rodríguez Vives, Agustín; González-Rodilla, Irene; Ursúa, Inmaculada; Ramos, Rafael; Val-Bernal, José Fernando
Barrett's esophagus is an anatomicoclinical state in which, due to the prolonged action of gastroesophageal reflux, the squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium. Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal disorders and has occasionally been observed in Barrett's esophagus. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of H. pylori in Barrett's esophagus and try to establish its role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. H. pylori was observed in 31 biopsies (44.3%) of the 70 studied, mainly when the epithelium is of the gastric atrophic-fundic type (p < 0.01). Its presence shows no relation to the degree of inflammatory activity and does not seem, therefore, to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the lesion.
Open Access
Uterine Müllerian adenosarcoma with histiocytic (xanthomatous) mesenchymal component
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Reymundo García, C.; Toro Rojas, M.; Morales Jiménez, G.; López Beltrán, A.; Nogales Ortíz, F.
We present an endometrial Müllerian adenosarcoma in which the sarcomatous component showed prominent nests of foamy cells that accounted for 50% of the neoplastic mesenchyma. Such foamy cells showed occasional cytological atypias and immunohistochemical features of histiocytic (macrophagic differentiation in the absence of changes that could substantiate the presence of an inflammatory infiltration of foamy histiocytes. These facts suggest histiocytic differentiation from neoplastic mesenchymal cells. Such differentiation has been reported in association with malignant mixed mesodermal tumor, but not in Müllerian adenosarcoma
Open Access
Alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activities in the transitional epithelium of the rat urinary bladder
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Zhang, S.X.; Kobayahsi, T.; Okada, T.; García del Saz, E.; Seguchi, H.
The cerium-based method was used to demonstrate cytochemically the ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), 5'- nucleotidase (5'-Nase) and magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) on the transitional epithelium of the rat urinary bladder. The reaction product for ALPase was found on the plasma membrane of al1 epithelial cells, except the luminal surface of superficial cells. The activity of 5'-Nase appeared on the plasma membrane of al1 bladder transitional epithelial cells, including the free surface of superficial cells. The Mg-ATPase reaction product was seen on the plasma membrane of superficial, intermediate and basal cells, but never on the luminal surface of superficial cells and it was only occasionally seen on the basal surface. The possible functions of these phosphatases have been discussed, and it was emphasized that the 5'-Nase activity present on the luminal surface of superficial cells may play a special role in the membrane movement of these cells in the transitional epithelium.
Open Access
Decalcification by perfusion. A new method for rapid softening of temporal bones
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Nilsson, Magnus; Hellström, Sten; Albiin, Nils
We describe a new technique, decalcification by perfusion, for the softening of bony tissue. The blood circulatory system was perfused in 16 rats via a cannula through the left heart ventricle with a fixative followed by New DecalcR (an acidic demineralizer) for 30-240 minutes. Perfusion decalcification for 120 minutes softened al1 heads and middle ear specimens could be easily sampled and prepared for studies by both light and electron microscope. For comparison, a conventional immersion technique required 72 hours of decalcification to accomplish softening. The perfusion technique considerably reduced the time needed to decalcify the tissue and preserved the morphology better than did the immersion procedure.
Open Access
Effect of nitrendipine, a calcium antagonist, on cell volumen in rat salivary glands after isoproterenol stimulation
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Carter, Laurie C.; Nickerson, Peter A.
Four days of isoproterenol injections induced a marked enlargement of the rat parotid and submandibular glands reflected in significant increases in the absolute and relative wet and dry weight of the glands. The enlargement in parotid gland was attributable at least in part to cellular hypertrophy inasmuch as the average volume per cell of acinar cells increased. In contrast, the average volume of acinar cells in the submandibular gland was decreased as compared to that of control. It is likely that hyperplasia in both groups accounts in part for the enlargement. The slow calcium channel is unlikely involved in the isoproterenolinduced stimulation of the gland, inasmuch as the calcium channel antagonist did not modify the enlargement of the parotid or submandibular glands.
Open Access
Serotonin immunoreactivity in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Carvajal, J.C.; Carbajo, S.; Carbajo-Pérez, E.; Castro, S.; Rodríguez, J.
Immunocytochemical staining for serotonin (5-HT) in paraffin-embedded sections of rat pituitary resulted in the localization of reactive nerve fibres and cell bodies in the intermediate lobe. Immunostaining was also found in the anterior and posterior lobes. Labelled nerve fibres appear to enter the intermediate lobe from the neural lobe through the interlobular spaces. These fibres are relatively scarce and lightly stained. Neuroglandular contacts were identified between varicose nerve endings containing serotonin and immunoreactive perykarion. It is not clear whether intermediate lobe cells produced 5-HT themselves or, alternatively, these cells take in 5-HT from serotoninergic nerve terminals.
Open Access
Malignant blue nevus. Report of four new cases and review of the literature
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Boi, S.; Barbareschi, M.; Vigl, E.; Cristofolini, M.
Malignant blue nevus is a rare melanotic tumor of the skin arising from a pre-existing blue nevus. To date only few cases have been reported. The diagnosis of malignant blue nevus is frequently difficult. Generally accepted criteria do exist, but their application may be controversial. The present paper reports four new cases of malignant blue nevus with follow-up of 3-5 years. Our present data, along with those of the literature, suggest that malignant blue nevus may be more aggresive than generally thought.
Open Access
Morphological examination of epididymal epithelium in the mule (E. hinnus) in comparison with parental species (E. asinus and E. caballus)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Arrighi, S.; Romanello, M.G.; Domeneghini, C.
Following previous studies about the ultrastructure of male genital tract in parental species, a comparative study of epididymis of one of the possible hybrids, the mule, has been undertaken. Apart from small differences, general features of epididymal epithelium in the mule are similar to those of parental species. However, extension of our studies from the donkey to the horse to the hybrid permits a deeper insight into the morphology of this tract of excurrent duct. In the meantime, it is possible to evidence some features, sometimes shared with other species if taken separately, which in the whole characterize the epididymis in Equidae: the presence in principal cells of intranuclear inclusions and peculiar small granules in the basa1 cytoplasmic edge; the organization of groups of cells, likely to be principal ones, in such a way as to constitute intraepithelial crypts; a cumbersome presence of lipofuscinic matter al1 along the epithelium. Another interesting observation is the presence in the mule epididymis of well recognizable macrophages. Al1 these data are discussed in comparison with parental species and with other species described in literature. Beyond any other consideration, it can be outlined that the complex morphology of the epithelium lining ductus epididymis in the mule is unaffected by the absence of spermatozoa, which are normally the target of the manifold functions of the epithelium itself.
Open Access
Electron microscopic observations on the pecten of the great blue heron (Ardea Herodias)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Braekevelt, Charlie R.
The pecten oculi of the great blue heron (Ardea herodias) has been examined by both light and electron microscopy. In this species the pecten is large and of the pleated type. It consists of 14-15 acordion folds that are joined apically by a more heavily pigmented bridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fan-like shape widest at its base. As in other species it is situated over the optic nerve head and projects out into the vitreous. Within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger supply and drainage vessels and many melanocytes. The capillaries are extremely specialized vessels which display extensive microfolds on both their luminal and abluminal borders. The endothelial cell bodies are extremely thin with most organelles present in a paranuclear location. The capillaries are surrounded by thick fibrillar basa1 laminae which are felt to be structurally useful. Pericytes are a common feature of these capillaries. The numerous pleomorphic melanocytes which form an incomplete sheath around the capillaries and other blood vessels are also felt to be important in structural support of the pecten. The morphology of the pecten of the great blue heron is indicative of a heavy involvement in the transport of materials.
Open Access
Diencephalic origin of the pineal gland of the chicken embryo
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Aige-Gil, Vicente; Murillo-Ferrol, Narciso
In the present paper, the diencephalic origin of the chick pineal gland was analyzed by a series of experiments: prosencephalic substitution; in vitro culture of isolated diencephalons; and total or partial excission of the diencephalic roof. The results indicate that the differentiation of the chick pineal gland in the rooof of the third ventricle is not influenced by the neighbouring brain vesicles and is of diencephalic origin. Moreover, in order to obtain chick embryos with pineal agenesia, the whole diencephalic roof has to be removed.
Open Access
An immunocytochemical study of effects of light deprivation on prolactin cells in the adenohypophysis of the golden hamster
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Seu-Mei Wang; Chuen-Lan Liu
Population ratio and morphology of prolactin cells were studied by employing immunohistochemical methods in the adenohypophysis of normal and experimental golden hamsters of both sexes at 16 weeks of age. Prolactin cells occupied 29% of the total adenohypophyseal cells in the intact males exposed to 141 10 h lightldark schedule. After stimulation of the pineal activity by blinding or exposure of males to continuous darkness for eight weeks, prolactin cells became atrophic and were reduced in population to 17% and 13%, respectively. ~i n e a l e c t om~~r e v e ntot e sdo me extent the effects of the above treatments; thus, prolactin cells constituted 27% in the pinealectomized and blinded hamsters, and 19% in the pinealectomized and darknesstreated group; and their morphology was comparable with that of the intact controls. Prolactin cells in the normal females were apparently larger in size and more numerous as compared with those of the normal males, comprising 47% of cell population in the anterior pituitary. In response to light deprivation, prolactin cells were atrophic with a diminished cytoplasm and decreased in cell number as reflected in the population ratio of 27% in the blinded and 21% in the darknesstreated groups. In pinealectomized females combined with blinding or darkness-treatment, prolactin cells contained an abundance of secretory granules in the cytoplasm and maintained the population ratio comparable to that in the intact females. The present study revealed that light deprivation exerts an inhibitory effect on the secretory activity of prolactin cells and also causes hypoplasia of prolactin cells in the hamster adenohypophysis, the effects being mediated by the pineal gland.
Open Access
Natural killer cells in meningiomas
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Vaquero, J.; Coca, S.; Pontón, P.; Oya, S.; Arias, A.
A monoclonal antibody against the surface marker IOT-10 of natural killer (NK) cells was used to investigate the presence of these cells in a series of twenty intracranial meningiomas. In al1 of these tumours, IOT- 10 positive NK cells were found in small numbers, mainly distributed among the tumor cells. Two recurrent tumors showed a relatively high number of immunostained cells. The data obtained in the present study suggest that a NKcell- mediated immunological response can occur in meningioma tissue.
Metadata only
Leukocyte immunophenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood of paracoccidioidomycosis, sarcoidosis and silicosis
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Tapia, F.J.; Goihman-Yahr, M.; Cáceres-Dittmar, G.; Altieri, E.; Gross, Ana; Isturiz, G.; Rosquete, R.; Viloria, N.; Ávila-Millán, E.; Carrasquero, M.; Borges, N.S.; Fernández, B.P.de; Rothenberg, A.; Albornoz, M.B.de; Pereira, J.; Gómez, M.H.de; San Martín, B.; Román, A.de; Bretaña, A.
Leukocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood of patients with paraccoccidioidomycosis, sarcoidosis and silicosis were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase technique. In paraccocidioidomycosis, the number of T-helperl inducer CD4-positive lymphocytes was lower in peripheral blood than in BAL fluid. Additional analysis showed that the expression of HLA-DR was very similar in alveolar macrophages, lung and blood T-cells. In sarcoidosis and silicosis there were higher proportions of T-helperlinducer cells in peripheral blood than in BAL fluid. The alterations in the T-helperlinduceriT-suppressorl cytotoxic CD4lCD8 ratio in sarcoidosis and silicosis were more appreciable in peripheral blood than in BAL fluid, contrasting with the results in paracoccidioidomycosis. The expression of HLA-DR by alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis was the highest of al1 the diseases studied. No statistically significant differences were observed between chronic multifocal and chronic unifocal paracoccidioidomycosis disease, stage 11 and stage 111 sarcoidosis, and chronic and accelerated silicosis. The three granulomatous diseases analyzed had a few alveolar macrophages expressing the CD4 molecule on their surface. These findings and the technique of analyzing both peripheral blood and BAL leukocyte subsets may help to understand the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases.
Open Access
An electron microscopic and biochemical study of the effects of cyclic 3', 5'- AMP, ergotamine or propanolol on the lysosomes of newborn rat hepatocytes
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Kotoulas, Angeliki O.; Kotoulas, Othon B.; Kalamidas, Stefanos
The effects of cyclic 3', 5'-AMP, ergotamine or propranolol on newborn rat liver were studied by using biochemical assays, electron microscopy and quantitative morphometry. Cyclic AMP enhanced the normal postnatal rise in the glycogen-hydrolysing activity of acid alpha 1,4 glucosidase but had no effect on the maltose-hydrolysing activity of the enzyme. The results suggest that these activities may be due to different enzymes. Propranolol prevented the postnatal increase in the glycogen-hydrolysing activity of acid glucosidase and the breakdown of lysosomal glycogen, indicating that these phenomena represent betaadrenergic functions in newbom rats. Ergotamine also inhibited the postnatal increase in this activity and the lysosomal glycogen mobilization. A reasonable explanation for these results is that ergotamine interferes with the action or formation of cyclic AMP.
Open Access
Structural study of spongiosa tissue in growing sheep
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Guillén, M.T.; Franco, A.; Robina, A.; Gázquez, A.
A study was made of 160 long bones taken from 40 native Merino sheep of both sexes. These animals, which represented uniform growth (mean growth-curve values), were divided into four groups which were slaughtered consecutively at 0, 45, 105 and 270 days old (0, 6.4, 15 and 38.5 weeks, respectively). The following bones were studied; humerus, femur, tibia and os coxae. Thin lamellae taken from the metaphyses of the bones obtained were fixed, decalcified and stained with hematoxylin-eosin to assess the development of the various components of growing bony tissue. The bones studied followed the same maturation pattern; the os coxae proved to be the best histological indicator in differentiating the age of the animals studied.
Open Access
Endocrine profile in gastric carcinomas An immunohistochemical study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1991) Berner, Aasmund; Nesland, Jahn M.
22 gastric carcinomas (13 intestinal type and nine diffuse type) were immunostained for neuron specific enolase, chromogranin, Leu-7 and a panel of fifteen different peptide hormones. Five out of the 13 tumours of intestinal type and four out of the nine diffuse carcinomas expressed immunoreactivity for one or more of the pan endocrine markers. Seven out of the 13 tumours of intestinal type and five out of the nine diffuse carcinomas also expressed immunoreactivity for gastrin (3), ACTH (3), serotonin (7) and calcitonin (7). Immmunoreactivity for somatostatin (1) and substance P (1) were also seen in two tumours of intestinal type. Seven out of 18 cases with benign mucosa adjacent to the tumours expressed a foca1 immunoreactivity for chromogranin (6), serotonin (6), gastrin (5) and calcitonin (1). Al1 hormone-producing tumours also expressed immunoreactivity for carcino-embryonic antigen. Our results confirm that a high proportion of gastric carcinomas are hormone producing.

Browse

Browsing Histology and histopathology Vol. 6, nº 3 (1991) by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options