Histology and histopathology Vol. 4, nº 1 (1989)

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Rabbit pasteurellosis: Respiratory and renal pathology of control and immunized rabbits after challenge with Pasteurella multocida
(1989) Al-Lebban, Z.S.; Kruckenberg, S.; Coles, E. H.
Gross and microscopic lesions of pasteurellosis were studied in control and immunized pasteurella-free rabbits after challenge with virulent Pasteurella multocida. Pathologic responses were compared in rabbits immunized intravenously or mucosally with P. multocidaor with J5, a cross protective core LPS mutant of E. coli Al1 rabbits were challenged conjunctivally with approximately 2xLD,, of P. multocida. Rabbits were necropsied and examined for histopathology of the respiratory tract and kidneys. Lung lesions varied in severity depending on the duration of the disease, the route of vaccination, and the vaccine used. The most severe lung lesions occurred in rabbits vaccinated intravenously with P. multocida and challenged with the same strain. Some of these rabbits had purulent bronchopneumonia and pleuropneumonia. Lung lesions were absent or less severe in rabbits vaccinated by a mucosal (aerosol, conjunctival) roiite and in unvaccinated controls. In these animals there was no bronchopneumonia or pleuropneumonia, and bronchiolitis, if present, was less severe. Kidney lesions were found only in rabbits vaccinated intravenously. There was an interstitial nephritis. some collagen deposition. mononuclear cell infiltration, and a loss of tubular architecture in the cortex. Some glomeruli were affected. These results indicate that intravenous immunization contributes to the formation of lesions whereas mucosal immunization prevented lesion formation to some degree.
Open Access
Alveolar bone of BBMl rats: a morphometric and histochemical study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Johnson, R. B.; Carlson, E. C.
The present study reported histochemical changes in alveolar bone glycosaminoglycans (GAG) (using Safranin 0 ) and in interdental bone height in three groups of BB/W rats: diabetic, diabetes prone, and diabetes resistant. Safranin O staining intensity suggested that total GAG levels were highest in diabetic bone (p<0.05 compared to diabetes resistant, p<0.005 compared to diabetes prone) but not significantly different between diabetes prone and resistant groups. Following chondroitinase AC and ABC digestion, staining reactions suggested that the highest levels of dermatan sulfate were in the diabetes resistant group (p<0.001 compared to diabetic, p<0.001 compared to diabetes prone) and the highest levels of chondroitin sulfates were in the diabetes prone group (p<0.001). Coincidently the mean height of diabetes prone interdental septum was significantly less than that of diabetes resistant or diabetic groups (p<0.05). The study suggested that 1) diabetes and «prediabetes» produce significant changes in levels of chondroitin 4, 6, and dermatan sulfates within alveolar bone, 2) in «prediabetic» animals, interdental bone loss occurs prior to the onset of clinical symptoms and in the absence of local irritating factors, the bone height appears to return to normal levels, and 3) there may be a correlation between alveolar bone height and relative levels of dermatan sulfate.
Open Access
Ultrastructural localization of Cu, Zn-SOD in hepatocytes of patients with various liver diseases
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Saito, Takafumi; Shinzawa, Haruhide; Togashi, Hitoshi; Wakabayashi, Hiroto; Ukai, Katsuaki; Takahashi, Tsuneo; Ishikawa, Makoto; Dobashi, Michio; Imai, Yutaka
The ultrastructural localization of copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) in the liver of patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and alcoholic fatty liver was studied by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In hepatocytes Cu, Zn-SOD was found to be localized in perinuclear cisternae, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), vesicles and Golgi apparatus. The Cu, Zn-SOD was also detected around the lipid droplets in hepatocytes as well as on the cytoplasmic membrane in cases of liver cirrhosis. These findings suggest that Cu, Zn-SOD is produced in the rER in hepatocytes and protects the cells from cellular injury caused by superoxide anion radical in various disorders of the liver.
Open Access
Microscopic correlates of adaptive cytoprotection in an ethanol injury model
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Schmidt, Carmen L.; Smith, Gregory S.; Miller, Thomas A.
The present study histologically investigated the efficacy of pretreating rat gastric mucosa with the mild irritants, 10% and 25% ethanol (EtOH), against the known damaging effects of 100% EtOH. Fasted rats received 1 m1 of either water, 10% EtOH, or 25% EtOH by orogastric intubation. Fifteen minutes later, a portion of these animals was sacrificed and tissue samples of the oxyntic region of the stomach were excised and processed for quantitative histologic analysis. Remaining animals received a 1 m1 oral bolus of the necrotizing agent, 100% EtOH. Five minutes later, these animals were sacrificed and tissues were prepared in a like manner. In a separate series of experiments, the aforementioned protocols were repeated, except that al1 animals received the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin (5.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally), 30 min before administration of the mild irritant. Microscopically, the administration of water or 10% EtOH alone caused a small and comparable amount of superficial injury to the gastric mucosa. Moreover, both substances failed to induce protection in stomachs subseqently exposed to 100% EtOH. Indomethacin pretreatment did not significantly alter any of these findings. In marked contrast, 25% EtOH alone elicited a substantial degree of superficial damage to the gastric mucosa. Nevertheless it significantly reduced the depth of injury in animals subsequently challenged by 100% EtOH. Indomethacin failed to aggravate the effects of 25% EtOH alone, but partially inhibited the protective effect of this mild irritant against 100% EtOH induced damage. Our findings indicate that adaptive cytoprotection is a real phenomenon that can be demonstrated microscopically. Such protection is limited primarily to the deep mucosa1 layers (i.e. gastric glands), appears in part to be prostaglandin mediated and seems to require the generation of moderate surface cell damage (as occurred with 25% EtOH, but not 10% EtOH) to induce its initiation.
Open Access
The effects of cyclophosphamide on the prolactin cells of the normal rat
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Poblador, María S.; Rojas, Carmen; Raya, Antonio; Quiralte, Joaquín; Casares, José A.; Lancho Alonso, José Luis
Cyclophosphamide administered at doses of 400 mg/m2/5 days with sacrifice two days later, and 200 mg/m2/5 days with a 21-day break and a further five days of treatment, with sacrifice two days later, provokes similar effects. Functional activity is less marked in untreated and control animals than in treated ones, as the hormone data shows. But the ultrastructure of PRL cells in treated animals indicates the existence of clear hormone synthesis activity, evident in the fusion and clustering of granules at differing stages of maturity, etc.
Open Access
Endogenous sex hormone and estrogen binding activity in thyroid cancer
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Imai, Yutaka; Yamakawa, Mitsunori; Matsuda, Mikio; Takeshi, Kasajima
Summary. The reactions of four anti-sex hormone (Estrone, Estradiol, Estriol and Testosterone) antisera were immunohistochemically examined in 109 cancerous and 80 normal and benign thyroid tissues. Four kinds of sex hormones were detected in the tumour cells of 61 cases (56%) of thyroid cancer and in the follicular epithelial cells of 4 cases (5%) of normal and benign thyroid tissues. Among the thyroid cancers, 54 female (61%) and 7 cases in males (33%) were positive for sex hormones. Furthermore, estrogen binding activity was screened histochemically in 36 thyroid tissues of various types, and detected not only in thyroid cancer (6115 cases), but in normal and benign thyroid tissues (3121 cases) as well. It was concluded that endogenous estradiol was located in thyroid cancers more frequently in females than in males and that there was estrogen binding activity in the cells of not only thyroid cancers, but also normal and benign thyroid tissues. This is the first report of the dernonstration of endogenous sex hormones in thyroid cancer.
Open Access
Effects of 4-aminopyrazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine on rat hepatocytes: an ultrastructural morphometric study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Belloni, A. S.; Rebuffat, P.; Mazzocchi, G.; Meneghelli, V.; Nussdorfer, G.G.
Summary. The prolonged administration of the hypolipidemic drug 4-aminopyrazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine (4APP) induced conspicuous morphological changes in rat hepatocytes, which are clearly demonstrated by stereology. We observed a significant decrease in the rough endoplamic reticulum, and an accumulation of lipid droplets, which was coupled with a comparable rise in the hepatic concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides. These changes were interpreted as the expression of the 4APP-provoked impairment of the synthesis of the polypeptide chains of lipoproteins and of the consequent suppression of the assembly of lipid molecules in exportable lipoproteins. We also noted a neto lowering in smooth endoplasmic reticulum and perxisomes, a decrease which was hypothesized to be the morphological counterpart of a reduced de novo cholesterol synthesis, due to the 4APP-induced rise in the intracellular cholesterol concentration.
Open Access
Ultrastrucmturaiml munogold labelling of vimentin filaments on postembedding ultrathin sections of arachnoid villi and meningiomas
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Yamashima, Tetsumori; Tachibana, Osamu; Nitta, Hisashi; Yamaguchi, Narihito; Yamashita, Junkoh
An immunoelectron microscopic technique for the labelling of vimentin intermediate filaments on postembedding ultrathin sections is reported. Arachnoid villi obtained at autopsy and meningiomas at surgery were fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes, embedded without postfixation in Epon-Araldite mixture and polymerized at 37OC for 3 weeks. Ultrathin sections were etched in 2% KOH for 3 minutes and incubated with anti-vimentin monoclonal antibodies which were subsequently labelled with goat anti-mouse IgG coupled to colloidal golds. Al1 of these labelling procedures were consistently performed within 4 hours. In both arachnoidal and meningioma cells, immunogolds preferentially decorated the intermediate filaments in proportion to the concentration. Very few gold particles were seen over the nucleus, Golgi zone, mitochondria and the extracellular connective tissue fibres. The present technique may be applied to the immunogold labelling of intermediate filaments on postembedding ultrathin sections.
Open Access
Development of the retinal tapetum lucidum of the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Braekevelt, Charlie R.; Mclntyre, D. B.; Ward, F. J.
The development of the retinal tapetum lucidum within the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been investigated by both light and electron microscopy in the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) in specimens ranging in total length from 25-140 mm. In addition changes in the arrangement of the photoreceptors (both rods and cones) in both light and darkadaptation have also been studied. At 25 mm no evidence of a tapetum is present. At about 30 mm it makes its initial appearance as granular bodies formed within the apical smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) cisternae of the RPE cells in the superior temporal fundus. The developing tapetum then spreads peripherally and continues to thicken in existing areas. By 90 mm it is well established throughout the fundus but always appears better developed in the superior fundus. By 125-140 mm it is essentially adult in appearance. At 60-70 mm the rods and cones begin to form bundles producing macroreceptors of 20-30 photoreceptors. In dark-adaptation the rod bundles are retracted and have one or more cone cells centrally located in each bundle, with the bundles separated from one another by melanosomes. Initially when no tapetal material is present, post-larva1 walleye are positively phototactic and feed on zooplankton. In the adult condition when a tapetum lucidum and large macroreceptors are present, the walleye is negatively phototactic and feeds almost exclusively on larger organisms such as other fish.
Open Access
Morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastrucmturaclh anges in dimenthylnimtrosamine induced liver injury. Effect of malotilate
(1989) Stenbäck, F.; Ala-Kokko, L.; Ryhänen, L.
Summary. Dimethylnitrosarnine (DMN) induced liver injurq in rats with cell necrosis, inflammation, hemorrhages, increased collagen type 111 synthesis and basement membrane component laminin and collagen IV localization in perisinusoidal sites. Malotilate ingestion during DMN treatment abolished inflammation and decreased interstitial collagen deposits and vascularization. 1 t affected clearly less DMN-caused hemorrhage. When malotilate treatment was started subsequently to development of DMN-injury, it also caused decrease in inflammation, though less, as well as in collagen 111, BM and fibronectin deposits. We suggest that the mode of the malotilate effect on reducing the DMN-induced fibrosis of the liver is via inhibiting the inflammation. decreased fibronectin deposition possibly also playing a role.
Open Access
Hyperplastic cellular components of a hemangiopericytoma. An ultrastructural study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Maruyama, Takeshi; Nomiyama, Tomohiko; Masakazu, Asahi; Mori, Naoki; Ono, Eizo; Kawahara, Akio; Fujimoto, Sunao
Based on ultrastructural features of cellular components of a hemangiopericytoma, hyperplastic cells are classifiable into fibroblast-like (group 1), endotheloid (group 11) and pericyte-like (group 111) cells. The transformation of the group 1 cells to the group 11, or to the group 111 cells, is pronounced in our electron micrographs and this may imply that the group 1 cell is the principal cell of origin in this neoplasm. The smooth muscle-like (group IV) cells comprising the media of the arteries and veins in this neoplasm may represent modified, possibly de-differentiated smooth muscle cells reacted to the neoplastic proliferation of the surrounding adventitial (group 1) cells.
Open Access
The distribution and ontogeny of gastrin/CCK-, somatostatin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the chicken
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Alison, B. G.
The distribution and time of appearance of cells with gastrin1CCK-, neurotensin- and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity were studied in samples from eight regions of the gastrointestinal tract of chick embryos from 11 days of incubation to hatching. No immunoreactive cells were found in any region at 11 days of incubation. Somatostatin- and neurotensinimmunoreactive cells appeared for the first time in the proventriculus, pyloric region and duodenum at 12 days of incubation with cells immunoreactive for neurotensin occurring in the rectum at the same stage. GastrinICCKimmunoreactive cells were detected in the small intestine first at 14 days and in the pyloric region two days later. Cells immunoreactive for somatostatin and neurotensin appeared in the upper and lower ileum at 14 days of incubation for the first time; neurotensin-immunoreactive cells, present in the caecum at 14 and 16 days, were rare. Cells of al1 three types were plentiful in the pyloric region by 17E days of incubation. No immunoreactive cells were detected in the gizzard at any stage studied. Endocrine cells were present in the relatively undifferentiated surface epithelium which occurs throughout the gastrointestinal tract of chick embryos at 12 days of incubation. Thereafter cells of al1 three types were detected in the glandular epithelium at or very soon after morphogenesis and differentiation of the latter had occurred.
Open Access
Study of h-TSH immunoreactive adenohypophyseal cells following treatment with methymazole
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2011-01-18) Carretero, J.; Sánchez, F.; Torres, J. L.; Blanco, E.; Riesco, J. M.; Vázquez, R.
The TSH-producing adenohypohyseal cells of Wistar rats were studied after treatment with orally administered methymazole by the PAP immunocytochemica1 method. These cells were compared with those of normal animals. The effects of methymazole were different in the females to those observed in males. In both sexes. the numerical density (number of TSH cells per 1000 pm2) increased after treatment. The cellular and cytoplasmic areas increased in the females while they decreased in the males. The nuclear area and the nuclear area/cytoplasmic area ratio increased in the males and decreased in the females following treatment with methymazole. This treatment caused the appearance of large. intensely stained cells, with an eccentric nucleus and cytoplasmic processes accompanied by weakly stained cells that were situated close to blood vessels.

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