Histology and histopathology Vol. 1, nº 4 (1986)
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- PublicationOpen AccessBlastic OKT6-positive proliferation preceding malignant histiocytosis(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Bonetti, F.; Chilosi, M.; Menestrina, F.; Lestani, M.; Scarpa, A.; Todeschini, G.; Pizzolo, G.; Fioredonati, LA 45-year old male presented latero-cervical lymphoadenopathy. Biopsy revealed a malignant proliferation of immature "lymphoid" cells bearing T6 antigen and HLA-DR but negative for other lymphoid markers, suggesting a phenotype similar to Langerhans cells. The patient did not receive any therapy and six months later developed a histologically typical malignant histiocytosis, involving spleen and liver. Other reported cases of lymphoid malignancies (two bearing the 7'6 antigen on blast cells) preceding malignant histiocytosis were found and compared with ours. Most of these cases were characterized by the pediatric age of the patients and were presented as acute leukemias exhibiting, in at least some of them, reliable T-cell markers. Our case appears to represent, on the other hand, a blastic proliferation of precursors of both histiocytes and Langerhans dendritic cells which eventually progressed to malignant histiocytosis. The relevance of this observation in the debate on the origin of Langerhans cells and the relationships existing between macrophages and dendritic cells is discussed.
- PublicationOpen AccessDuodenal microanatomy of the domestic cat. (Felis catus)(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Robert, Henry W.; Al-Bagdadi, F.K.Duodenal samples were taken from similar locations in six cats, processed, stained, and examined via light microscope. There were no prominent circular folds (plicae circulares) or stratum compactum (lamina subglandularis). The 1072 pm X 201 pm villi were covered by 46 pm high columnar epitheliocytes proximally which decreased in height (41 pm) distally and displayed a 1.1 - 1.7 pm striated border. Globular leukocytes, mononuclear cells, and twenty-eight goblet cells (exocrinocytus calciformis) per villus were seen. The intestinal gland (crypt of Lieberkuhn) epithelium was 20 pm tall and had a less distinct striated border. The 515 pm simple straight tubular intestinal gland layer displayed distal branching. Many mitotic figures, 12 goblet cells per gland, and occasional columnar to triangular cells with red cytoplasmic granules were seen. The thickness of the lamina propria mucosa (glandular portion) decreased from proximal to distal (563-465 pm). The lamina muscularis mucosa had two layers and decreased in thickness distally (71-28 pm). The proximal muscularis mucosa was penetrated by the ducts of submucosal (Brunner's, duodenal) glands. The tela submucosa decreased in thickness distally (593-192 pm) and contained submucosal glands with 11.5 - 75 pm lumina for the first 1.5 - 2.5 cm. However, submucosal glands could be found to a distance of 8 cm. The glandular epithelium ranged from 7.5 - 22.5 pm in height. Only one type of secretory cell was observed, with both mucous and serous properties. The tunica muscularis ranged from 190-1425 pm (median thickness of 557 pm) and had two layers.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe thoracic sympathetic neurons of the chick, normal development and the effects of nerve growth factor(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Smet, Peter; Rush, Robert A.; Straznicky, CharlesThe generation and degeneration of sympathetic neurons in the third thoracic ganglion (segment 19) of the chick were studied between embryonic days (E) 7-18 using 3H-Thymidine autoradiography and routine cell counts. Cumulative radiolabelling experiments indicated that few sympathetic neurons were generated on E6-7. 10% of the sympathetic neurons were generated on E8 and a further 20% on E9. The final 70% of neurons completed the mitotic cycle between E10-12. Cell counts demonstrated that the neuronal population increased from 10,166 + 423 (mean 2 SEM) to 22,291 ? 767 between E8-10 and remained stable up to E14. The population subsequently declined by 37%, to 14,157 + 831, by E18. Pyknotic neurons were found at all stages of development, but were most apparent between E7-15. The effects of Nerve Cirowth Factor (NGF) on the number of both surviving and pyknotic neurons in the ganglion were also examined. E9 embryos treated with NGF from E5-8 showed a 57% increase in the number of sympathetic neurons. This increase therefore occurred prior to the decline in neuronal number and was not accompanied by a decrease in the number of visibly pyknotic neurons. It is therefore possible that early NGF treatment increases the number of sympathetic neurons through a mechanism other than the attenuation of cell death.
- PublicationOpen AccessOccurrence of pancreatic ductal cell dysplasia in rats fed with a high fat diet and ethanol(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Jalovaara, P.; Rämö, J.; Apaja-Sarkkinen, M.The effects of alcohol and diet on acute pancreatitis were studied in 192 male Wistar rats. The animals were fed with standard laboratory food up to three months of age and, after that, were divided into four groups of 48 animals,each group receiving a different diet: standard, fat-rich, protein-rich or carbohydrate-rich. In each diet group, 24 animals obtained 15% (v/v) ethanol in their drinking solution while the other 24 rats had water ad libitum. The diet period lasted for 12 weeks, after which acute experimental pancreatitis was induced under diethyl ether anesthesia by ductal injection of rat bile into the pancreatic ducts. Moderate or severe ductal cell dysplasia developed in three of the 15 survivors in the group fed with a high-fat diet and 15% ethanol in their drinking solution. Mild acute pancreatitis was histologically found in 13 rats and moderate pancreatitis in one rat in this group. One rat did not show any pancreatic parenchyma1 changes. Two of the rats with ductal cell dysplasia had mild pancreatitis and the pancreas of the third rat was normal in this respect. Dysplastic changes were not found in any other experimental group used in the study. The observation is statistically significant at p < 0.025 level. The results indicate that alcohol and a high fat diet together might have a carcinogenic effect on pancreatic ductal epithelium in rats.
- PublicationOpen AccessUltrastructural changes in pancreatic acinar cells of rats after administration of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-l -oxide(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Takashi Kitagawa; Kiyoshi Okamura; Mitsuhiro Sohme; Masayoshi Namiki; Kazuyuki OnoUltrastructural changes in the exocrine pancreas 24.48, 72 and 168 hours after a single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-l-oxide( CHAQO), at a dose of 14 mg. per kg., were observed in male rats. At 24 hours after administration, multiple focal degenerative lesion-like large vacuoles in the acini, and a decrease in zymogen granules with dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in the acinar cells were marked. At 48 hours, acinar cell degeneration and necrosis progressively increased. The nucleus, especially, appeared to be disorganized and lysosome-like bodies with various sizes were frequently observed. At 72 hours, acinar cell degeneration persisted in the acini, and the interstitial space with infiltration of inflammatory cells appeared edematous. In addition, ductular-like cells, which resembled intercalated duct cells, possessing a light cytoplasm with occasional mitoses were observed around the duct lumen. At 168 hours, the exocrine pancreas was occupied with proliferated ductular-like cells. Furthermore, acinar cells and acini regenerated to the normal pattern were sometimes found. Thus, the exocrine pancreas degenerated progressively up to 48 hours after administration of 4-HAQO, gradually came to be repaired by degrees from 72 hours and then partly appeared to be regenerated at 168 hours. It is suggested that the ductular-like cell might be the precursor of the acinar cell in the regenerating process after injection of 4-HAQO.
- PublicationOpen AccessFunction of the follicular dendritic cell in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Yutaka lmai; Mitsunori Yarnakawa; Akihiro Masuda; Takashi Sato; Takeshi, KasajimaThe authors made an immunocytochemical examination of the germinal centers (GCs) of (1) lymph follicles in physiological lymph nodes and (2) extra-nodal tissues of divergent diseases including thyroid disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, Warthin's tumor and Kimura's disease (Eosinophilic lymphfolliculoid granuloma). In these germinal centers, the presence of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), early acting complement components (Clq, C4, C3c,C3d), receptors for C3b and C3d and dendritic reticulum cell-l was demonstrated in lace-like network patterns which were proven electron-microscopically to coincide with the surface of follicular dendritic cells. IgE was distributed in a lace-like pattern in the GCs of proliferating follicles of Kimura's disease, in which the lysis of follicles was frequently observed. This lysis appeared to be related to the presence of complement components. In the germinal centers of extra-nodal tissues, including the thyroid tissues accompanying the lymph follicles, rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues as well as Warthin's tumors, thyroglobulin, rheumatoid factor and salivary amylase were detected as specific antigens, occurring in lacelike patterns. It is possible that follicular dendritic cells may play a role in the genesis of GCs and be responsible for the immune response through C3 receptors.
- PublicationOpen AccessGrowth hormone and prolactin immunoreactivity in the pituitary gland of postnatal little (lit) mice(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Wilson, D.B.; Wyatt, D.P.Homozygous little (/it/lit) mutant mice exhibit a growth lag which is manifested at approximately two weeks postnatally. Functional aspects of the development of piruitary growth hormone (GH) cells and prolactin (PRL) cells were thus analyzed by means of colloidal gold immunocytochemistry at the ultrastructural level in lit/lit mice and their normal counterparts ranging in age from 5 days postnatally to adulthood. In the adult normal and lit/lit pituitaries, secretory granules in GH cells and PRL cells showed a positive immunoreaction to their respective antisera, as did granules in both cell-types at 5 days postnatally. By 14 days some GH cells in lit/lit pituitaries appeared to be less densely populated with granules than GH cells in normal pituitaries, but a positive immunoreaction continued to occur even in sparsely granulated GH cells. PRL cells showed ultrastructural features in lit/lit pituitaries which were similar to those in normal mice, and immunoreactivity was present at all stages examined. The results indicate that since differences in granule reactivity were not evident between lit/lit and normal GH cells, despite ultrastructural morphologic differences which were present by 14 days postnatally, manifestations of the defect in lit/lit may be primarily quantitative in terms of numbers of granules and/or numbers of GH cells. With respect to PRL cells, neither morphologic nor functional aberrations could be observed; thus, a deficit in PRL hormone production might be the result of a more subtle defect than that in GH cells.
- PublicationOpen AccessDying and regeneration of human tumor cells after heterotransplantation to athymic mice(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Köpf-Maler, P.The histologic phenomena occurring immediately after heterotransplantation of two human colon adenocarcinomas to athymic mice have been studied. The tumors differed with respect to velocity of growth and passage age. Three phases were discernible in both cases. (1) During the first phase, most inoculated tumor cells died. (2) The second phase was characterized by removal of the necrotic tumor cells by immigrated inflammatory cells and by penetration of the connective tissue of host animals from peripheral into central areas of the implants. The first mitoses occurred within tumor cells in close proximity to these connective tissue septa. (3) During the third phase, signs of regeneration and proliferation of tumor cells resulted in the macroscopic enlargement of xenografts. Only in this phase, the typical histologic characteristics of the tumors were formed. These observations point to the host connective tissue invading into implants to be of great importance for the stimulation of tumor cell proliferation and, therefore, for the growth of xenografts. Thus, successful heterotransplantation is obviously based on mutual events between the transplanted tumor cells and host connective tissue
- PublicationOpen AccessMetaplasia of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule. A histopathological survey of the human kidney(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Haensly, William E.; Lee, J.C.Human kidney sections taken at autopsy were examined to determine the incidence of metaplasia of the Bowman's parietal epithelium. Autopsy records were consulted to determine if there was any correlation between clinical disease, histopathological changes in organ systems and metaplasia of Bowman's capsule. The sections represented both sexes in 9 age groups from 2 to 87 years. The sections were fixed in neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 6 pm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A total of 129 kidney sections, representing 129 individuals, were evaluated. One hundred renal corpuscles were counted per section and the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule was classified as normal (squamous) or metaplastic (cuboidal). Of the 129 kidneys examined, 69 (53%) had metaplasia of Bowman's capsule. Of the 87 male kidneys, 51 (59%) exhibited metaplasia of Bowman's capsule. Of the 42 female kidneys examined, 18 (43%) of the kidneys had metaplasia of Bowman's capsule. On average, in kidneys with metaplasia, 4% of the renal corpuscles had metaplasia of Bowman's parietal layer. The lesion was present in both sexes in all age groups. The autopsy records revealed that there was no common clinical condition associated with the metaplastic lesion, but metaplasia of Bowman's parietal epithelium was consistently present with hepatic congestion and/or fatty changes
- PublicationOpen AccessThe association of medial collagenous tissue with atheroma formation in the aging human aorta as revealed by a special technique(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Greenberg, Stephen R.A new technique which brilliantly colors collagen fibers in a field of polarized light reveals that during mid-life the smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of the human aorta begin to disappear. The connective tissue is divided between two regions; one below the subintimal layer and the other under the adventitia. Fine collagen fibers extend upward from the former into the subintima and beyond into the intima and the overlying atheromatous plaques of the aging aorta. Thus, the source of fibrous thickening of the vessel is not confined solely to the intimal layer; at least, a portion of the total collagen content arises deep within the aortic wall.
- PublicationOpen AccessDiazo-reaction positive substance observed in the cortex of Chattonella antiqua(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Masahisa Shimada; Ryoichi Shimono; Tomio Imahayashi; Hiroki H. Ozaki; Tetuhide H. MurakamiIn order to investigate the causative factors responsible for removal of mucous coat from the gill lamellae of young yellowlail, Seriola quinqueradiata by red tide, diazo-reactions were employed for planktons and their media. The concentration of NO,- in the medium containing the raphidophyceae, Chatonella antiqua (ca 2000 cells/ml), was 0.70+0.05 (p g/mlk SEM). In addition, diazo-reaction positive substances (NO,) which may degenerate the mucous, was highly concentrated in the cortex (perikaryon) of Chattonella antiqua. Morphologically, mucocysts, and chloroplats were likewise present in the cortex. Mucocysts were packed with fine fibrous content. Histochemically, the mucocysts were stained with PAS and had an abundance of nitrogen oxides (NO,). We observed discharge of the fibrous material from the mucocysts. These results suggest that when Chattonella antiqua is passing between the gill lamellae, N0,discharged from the mucocysts may act on the mucous, leading to the degeneration and concomitant removal of the mucous coat from gill lamellae.
- PublicationOpen AccessGrading of the prostate carcinoma, cyto-histological correlations on 100 cases(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Dalla Palma, P.; Dante, S.; Costantin, G; Rebuffi, A.; Zattoni, F.; Plazza, R.From January 1980 to December 1983, 154 patients underwent prostatic FNAB and histological control. The sensitivity of cytology was 85070, the specificity 68% and the predictive value of positive cases 83%. The cyto-histological correlation of the grading of the 100 prostatic carcinomas histologically confirmed (85 cytologically positive for carcinoma and 15 negative or uncertain) showed a predictive value of positive results of 58%, ranging from 42% for G3, 50% for G1 and 69% for G2. The usefulness of cytological grading is stressed to monitor the follow-up of those patients treated for prostatic carcinoma who, because of the advanced stage or age, were not surgically treated. Key words: Prostate cancer - FNAB - Cytohistological grading correlation
- PublicationOpen AccessEffects of Friend leukemia virus (FLV) inoculation in F1 mice and differentiation of FLV-induced leukemia(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Masanobu Kitagawa; Osamu Matsubara; Tsutomu KasugaEffects of Friend leukemia virus (FLV) inoculation in F, specific pathogen free (SPF) mice were examined. Resistance to FLV was dominantly inherited both in F, hybrid mice (BDF,) (FLV-resistant & FLVsensitive with polycythemia) and F, hybrid mice (B6C3FI) (FLV-resitant & FLV-sensitive with anemia). But the population dynamics of the nucleated cell components of F, mice after FLV inoculation differed from those of FLV-resistant inbred mice. A small number of mature erythroblasts appeared in the peripheral blood of BDF, mice. In B6C3FI mice, erythroblastosis with splenomegaly and polycythemia occurred. However, all of these findings in BDF, and B6C3FI mice regressed spontaneously. In F, mice, FLV induced an intermediate reactive pattern of the two patterns that had been induced in the parental strains. The results indicate that FLV may induce leukemia with various degrees of differentiation, according to the genetic difference of the host.