Histology and histopathology Vol. 8, nº 3 (1993)
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- PublicationOpen Accesslmmunocytochemical distribution of serotonin and neuropeptide Y, NPY in mouse adrenal gland(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Fernandez-Vivero, J.; Rodríguez Sánchez, F.; Verastegui, C.; Cordoba Moriano, F.; Romero, A.; De Castro, J.M.By the use of imrnunocytochetnicd staining methods. we studied the morphology and distribution of SHT and NPY immunoreactive cells and fibres in the mouse adrenal gland. The 5HT-immunoreactive cells were numerous and widely localized in the medullar tissue. These cells were arranged in three cellular types with regard to their morphological and immunocytochemical features. One of them showed cells with polygonal shape, being intensified like the typical medullary chromaffin cells. These imniunoreactive cells were observed arranged in medullar islets. The second SHT-inimi~noreactive celular type was constituted by cells with polygonal shape and strong immunoreactivity. The third one was formed by cells with irnmunoreactive prolongations. We found some islets of chromaffin nonirnmunoreactive cells surrounded by immunostained cells. We also observed some 5HT-imniunoreactive nerve fibres in the rnedullar tissue. NPY-like itlitnunoreactivity was detected in both chromaffin and ganglion cells in adrenal medulla. NPY-like imrnunoreactivity was also detected in nerve fibres at cortical level. In a few cases, we observed medullar SHT- and NPYinimunoreactive tissue in the adrenal cortex (monotremas).
- PublicationOpen AccessOrigin and differentiation of gut endocrine cells(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Rawdon, B.B.; Andrew, A.The epithelium of the digestive tract contains endocrine cells which produce serotonin and an array of regulatory peptides. It is now irrefutably established that gut endocrine cells are not of neural crest nor even of neurectodermal origin. Furthermore, the proposal that they might originate from neuroendocrine-programmed epiblast has been retused by recent evidence that they share the endodermal stem cell pool with the other epithelia1 cells of the gut. Based on the available evidence, a working hypothesis for the differentiation of gut endocrine cells has been developed. It is proposed that initially the developing gut acquires an underlying tendency to differentiate into intestine: the endoderm has the potential to form a wide range of endocrine cell types. A little later, some influence operative over the length of the presumptive gut imposes a regionally specific pattern on the tract. This process concerns morphogenesis and pre-selection of the range and proportions of the endocrine cell types. Thereafter, the mesenchyme feeds to the endoderm confirmatory signals reinforcing this pre-selected regional pattern of endocrine cells. Once the different endocrine cell types have started to differentiate, their maturation is effected by circulating factors which include glucocorticoid hormone: this process is mediated by the mesenchyme. Other factors concerned at various stages of gut endocrine cell differentiation could be other hormones, growth factors and or components of extracellular matrix: such factors are still untested in this context.
- PublicationOpen AccessFibronectin expression in cancer tissues from patients undergoing radiation therapy(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Nishioka, A.; Ogawal, Y.; Inomata, T.; Maeda, T.; Seguchi, H.Fibronectin expression and distribution were examined in cancer tissues from 19 patients with cancer of the head and neck regions. Samples taken before and after irradiation of approximately l0 Gy, 20 Gy or 30 Gy were analyzed by the avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase method using mouse monoclonal antibodies against human fibronectin. The results were correlated with the patient's prognosis after radiation therapy. No remarkable changes in the fibronectin expression or distribution were found between tissue specimens taken before and after each dose of irradiation. The prognosis, however, varied according to the degree of expression and the distribution pattern of fibronectin. Seven patients in which the cancer tissue was encircled by a thick fibronectin network are still alive without recurrence 4.5-6 years after treatment, whereas 6 patients in which fibronectin was only faintly expressed or focally distributed died or developed recurrence soon after treatment. The present findings den~onstrate that fibronectin expression and distribution in cancer tissue are intimately related to the patient's prognosis, and that the analysis of these two parameters is applicable as a predictive assay in radiotherapy of cancer of the head and neck regions.
- PublicationOpen AccessNuclear morphometry lacks prognostic value in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Rodriguez Sanjuan, J.C.; Val Bernal, F.; Blanco Garcia, C.; Garcia-Castrillo Riesgo, L.In order to determine the possible influence in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma of nuclear measurements on patients' postoperative survival and on various histological tumour features, we performed a nuclear morphometry study on 53 patients (50 males, 3 females) with a mean age of 57.4 years (37-79). A statistical correlation was revealed between area, perimeter and diameter and the analysis was, therefore, performed only in terms of nuclear area. No influence of nuclear area on postoperative survival was observed. Nor was a relationship fourld between rnean nuclear area and either involvement of the oesophageal wall or degree of histological differentiation. The tumours showing expansive growth had a larger mean nuclear area than those of the infiltrative growth type, although differences did not reach statistical significance. The nuclear area standard deviation (reflecting anisocytosis of the tumour) showed no correlation with sllrvivill. In conclusion. our data do not support that measurement of nuclear parameters by static methods is of any prognostic value in surgically-treated squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus.
- PublicationOpen AccessA comparative immunohistochemical study of phaeochromocytornas and paragangliornas(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Fraga, M.; Garcia-Caballero, Tomas; Antúnez, J.; Couce, Marta; Beiras, Andres; Forteza, J.There is no definite morphological distinction between phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas. We, therefore, attempted to determine the universality and differential utility of a panel of tumour markers for diagnosis in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded specimens. Antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, synaptophysin, Leu-7, neurofilaments, cytokeratins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), melanoma antigen HMB-45, S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), were used on 11 phaeochromocytomas and 8 paragangliomas. NSE reactivity was detected in 10 phaeochromocytomas and in all paragangliomas. Chromogranin reactivity was found in all but two cases (one phaeochromocytoma and one paraganglioma). Synaptophysin reactivity was present in 10 phaeochromocytomas and in the 8 paragangliomas. Ten phaeochromocytomas stained for Leu-7, but none of the paragangliomas did. S- 100-positive cells (sustentacular or type 11 cells) were found in 8 phaeochromocytomas and 7 paragangliomas. GFAP stained sustentacular cells of only one paraganglioma. Only in 5 phaeochromocytomas was there a focal reaction by neurofilaments. Cytokeratins, CEA and HMB-45 were never detected. We conclude that NSE, chromogranin, synaptophysin and S-100 protein are useful markers of both types of tumour, whereas GFAP staining is limited to a small number of these neoplasms. Leu-7 reactivity seems to favour diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma rather than paraganglioma, but further studies with larger series are needed to confirm this. Unlike previous reports, we did not find cytokeratin or HMB-45 im~nunostainingin any case.