Histology and histopathology Vol.28, nº12 (2013)

Ir a Estadísticas

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    Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study of the goat abomasum during prenatal development
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Garcia, A.; Masot, J.; Franco, A.; Gazquez, A.; Redondo, E.
    This study sought to chart the morphological changes taking place in the goat abomasum during prenatal development, using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical techniques. A total of 140 goat embryos and fetuses, from the first stages of prenatal life until birth. Differentiation of the abomasum as a separate compartment of the primitive gastric tube was observed at 35 days of prenatal life (CRL 3 cm, 23% gestation). Primitive abomasal folds were first observed at 38 days (CRL 4.3 cm, 25% gestation). The muscularis mucosae was visible by 64 days (CRL 13.5 cm, 43% gestation). Transformation of pseudostratified epithelium to simple cylindrical epithelium was also observed at this stage. Differentiation of gastric pits and glands first became apparent at 75 days (CRL 17.5 cm, 50% gestation) and 84 days (CRL 20 cm, 55% gestation), respectively. Neuroendocrine cells were detected by synaptophysin (SYP) at 64 days (CRL 13.5 cm, 43% gestation), while glial cell markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein - GFAP, and vimentin-VIM) were observed at 64 days (CRL 13.5 cm, 43% gestation) and 38 days (CRL 4.3 cm, 25% gestation), respectively. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were detected at 75 days (CRL 17.5 cm, 50% gestation). Gastrinimmunoreactive cells first appeared in the abomasum at 76 days (CRL 18 cm, 50% gestation). In conclusion, prenatal development of the abomasum appears to take place somewhat earlier in goats than in sheep or cattle, but at a similar rate to that reported in wild ruminants such as deer.
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    Distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal in Meriones unguiculatus and alterations in the development of incomplete intestinal obstruction
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Bo, Wu; Li, Liu; Hengyu, Gao; Haimei, Sun; Hong, Xue; Xiaoshuang, Li; Guoquan, Zhang; Deshan, Zhou
    The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) act as pacemaker cells that are involved in gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, although the pathogenesis of these disorders is still unclear. The GI tract of Mongolian gerbils shares similar anatomical features with that of humans, but no investigation of ICCs has been reported in the GI tracts of this animal. In the present study, we first observed the distribution and morphological features of ICCs in the Mongolian gerbil GI tract. The ICCs were mainly distributed within the smooth muscle layers (ICC-IM), the myenteric plexus (ICC-MY), the deep muscular plexus in the small intestine (ICC-DMP) and the submucosal surface of the circular muscle layer in the colon (ICC-SM). The density of the ICC-IM gradually decreased from the stomach to the colon, whereas the density of the ICC-MY gradually increased. Second, we compared differences in the ICCs between the control and obstructed intestines, and no significant difference was observed in the number of ICCs after 7 days of obstruction. However, the numbers were reduced by approximately day 14 of obstruction. The pattern of immunoreactivity also partly differed from that of the control group, i.e., a scattered and interrupted network of ICCs was often observed. Western blotting revealed that p-Kit and SCF were significantly reduced in the dilated intestines by day 14. Our results indicate that the Mongolian gerbil may be a good animal model for studying changes in ICCs that may contribute to the pathogenesis of GI motility disorders.
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    Upregulation of GPR34 expression affects the progression and prognosis of human gastric adenocarcinoma by PI3K/PDK1/AKT pathway
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Weidong, Yu; Shuyun, Ma; Lihong, Wang; Bo, Zuo; Mei, Li; Zhengguo, Qiao; Xiuying, Pan; Yulan, Liu; Jington, Wang
    Purpose. G-protein coupled receptor 34 (GPR34), which belongs to the G-protein coupled receptors superfamily, is reportedly expressed highly in the spread of several solid tumors. However, its expression in gastric primary tumor and potential role in gastric cancer development and progression have not been determined. Methods. Immunohistochemistry, realtime RT-PCR and western blot methods were used to determine GPR34 expression in human gastric cancer tissues/cell lines and matched adjacent tissues/ normal mucosal cell line. A statistical analysis was performed to establish the potential correlation between GPR34 expression and the patients’ clinicopathological characteristics, tumor progression, and prognosis. Stably transfected NCI-N87 cell lines with either GPR34 overexpression or knock-down were constructed to determine the effect of GPR34 on gastric cancer cell invasion and migration, and to explain the preliminary molecular mechanism of GPR34 in gastric cancer metastasis. Results. GPR34 is up-regulated in primary gastric cancer tissues/cell lines compared with matched adjacent tissues/normal mucosal cell line, and when the relationship between GPR34 expression and the the clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed, it was shown that GPR34 expression is significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, infiltration depth, and lymph node status and had a significant influence on prognosis. Furthermore, GPR34-overexpression increased while GPR34-knockdown inhibited NCI-N87 cell invasion in vitro by PI3K/PDK1/AKT pathway. Conclusions. Taken together, up-regulation of GPR34 expression in human gastric carcinoma may play a critical role in tumor progression and in determining patient prognosis. GPR34 may be a useful diagnostic or prognostic molecular biomarker, and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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    Dendritic and lymphocytic cell infiltration in prostate carcinoma
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Yishan, Liu; Thorstein, Sæter; Vlatkovic, Ljiljana; Servoll, Einar; Waaler, Gudmund; Axcrona, Ulrika; Giercksky, Karl- Erik; Nesland, Jahn M.; Zhen-He, Suo; Axcrona, Karol
    We examined the distribution of CD1a+ cells and CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes in prostate cancer (PCa) and correlated these with clinicopathological parameters. We also investigated whether the distribution of these cells was related to the expression of the cell membrane protein B7-H3, a putative negative regulator of the immune response expressed on PCa cells. A cohort of 151 PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) was followed prospectively from 1985 until 2006 with a median follow-up of 9 years. Whole-mount sections of PCa specimens were immunostained to identify immune cells. A low number of CD1a+ cells was significantly associated with a high Gleason score and high pathological stage of pT3. The number of CD1a+ cells correlated significantly with the number of intratumoral and stromal CD8+ and stromal CD4+ lymphocytes. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a tendency toward impaired biochemical progression-free survival in patients with few CD1a+ cells within their RP specimens. The expression of B7-H3 correlated inversely with the number of CD1a+ cells and intratumoral CD4+ lymphocytes; there was a trend for a similar inverse relationship between B7-H3 expression and the number of CD8+ lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that high-grade prostate carcinoma cells manipulate the immune system and that these changes contribute to the mechanism underlying tumor escape from immune surveillance.
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    Thyroid nodule with arteriovenous malformation: under-recognized cause of increased vascularity
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Lizarralde, Claudio; Díaz Cano, Salvador J.
    Background: Head and neck arterio-venous malformations (AVM) are not frequent lesions and no thyroid cases have been reported to date; as hypervascular nodular lesions, they can be misdiagnosed as malignant. Findings: We present two patients with palpable thyroid nodules with suspicions of malignancy based on the hypervascular imaging findings. Histologically, these lesions were well-defined adenomatous nodules with multiple interconnected blood vessels of variable size, many of them dilated and arranged predominantly at the periphery of the lesions. These findings characterize thyroid AVM in the background of adenomatous nodules. Age-matched euthyroid benign non-infiltrative follicular lesions without vascular component, adenomatous hyperplastic nodules (37) and follicular adenomas (21), during the same period (2 years) were retrieved to evaluate vascular markers. Compared with the non-nodular tissues and controls, the hyperplastic nodules with vascular malformation displayed significant mRNA overexpression for VEGF-A, PDGFA, PDGF-B, and eNOS. Conclusions: Vascular lesions of thyroid gland are rare and they can present as palpable nodules revealing well-defined edges, zonal blood vessel distribution and up-regulation of VEGF-related pathway and eNOS. These findings can help identify the true nature of these lesions.