Publication: Thyroid nodule with arteriovenous malformation: under-recognized cause of increased vascularity
Authors
Lizarralde, Claudio ; Díaz Cano, Salvador J.
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Publisher
F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Background: Head and neck arterio-venous
malformations (AVM) are not frequent lesions and no
thyroid cases have been reported to date; as
hypervascular nodular lesions, they can be misdiagnosed
as malignant.
Findings: We present two patients with palpable
thyroid nodules with suspicions of malignancy based on
the hypervascular imaging findings. Histologically, these
lesions were well-defined adenomatous nodules with
multiple interconnected blood vessels of variable size,
many of them dilated and arranged predominantly at the
periphery of the lesions. These findings characterize
thyroid AVM in the background of adenomatous
nodules. Age-matched euthyroid benign non-infiltrative
follicular lesions without vascular component,
adenomatous hyperplastic nodules (37) and follicular
adenomas (21), during the same period (2 years) were
retrieved to evaluate vascular markers. Compared with
the non-nodular tissues and controls, the hyperplastic
nodules with vascular malformation displayed
significant mRNA overexpression for VEGF-A, PDGFA,
PDGF-B, and eNOS.
Conclusions: Vascular lesions of thyroid gland are
rare and they can present as palpable nodules revealing
well-defined edges, zonal blood vessel distribution and
up-regulation of VEGF-related pathway and eNOS.
These findings can help identify the true nature of these
lesions.
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Citation
Histology and Histopathology, vol. 28, nº 12 (2013)
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