DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Lung"

Browsing by Subject "Lung"

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Open Access
Alveolar cells in cyclophosphamideinduced lung injury_ An ultrastructural analysis of type II alveolar epithelial cells in situ
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 1998) Sulkowska, M.; Sulkowski, S.
Recent studies have brought rich evidence in favour of the significant contribution of the surfactant system-forming structures to morphogenesis of many pulmonary disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide administration on changes within this system. The experiments used 40 Wistar rats, of 170g body weight. The animals were divided into two experimental groups. Group I animals were given cyclophosphamide (Endoxan-ASTA) in a single intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/1kg b.w./1ml PBS/. Group II (control) received 1ml PBS. All the animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 7 and 28 days following intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide or PBS administration. Morphological examinations of pulmonary tissue were based on ultrastructural analysis in the transmission electron microscope. The study revealed that a single intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide injection caused damage to all elements forming the surfactant system, particularly to type II alveolar epithelial cells. Rebuilding processes in pulmonary tissue, coexisting with destructive changes, occurred with a significant contribution of type II alveolar epithelial cells. These cells are likely to take an active part in pulmonary fibrosis processes observed after the action of cyclophosphamide.
Open Access
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-label-retaining cells in mouse terminal bronchioles
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Kameyama, Hiroki; Kudoh, Shinji; Udaka, Naoko; Kagayama, Motoko; Hassan, Wael; Hasegawa, Kohki; Niimori-Kita, Kanako Niimori-Kita; Ito, Takaaki
Adult male mice were continuously treated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 1, 2, or 4 weeks by an osmotic pump. To detect BrdU-label-retaining cells (LRCs), putative progenitor/stem cells, other animals were continuously treated with BrdU for 2 weeks, and were then kept without any treatments for 2, 6, or 18 months. The lungs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and were paraffin-embedded. We observed terminal bronchioles with BrdU immunostaining alone or with BrdU immunostaining accompanying immunostaining for Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP), forkhead box protein J1 (FoxJ1), or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The average incidences of BrdU-incorporated cells in the terminal bronchioles after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of continuous BrdU infusion were 6.2%, 11.9%, and 23.1%, respectively. Most BrdU-incorporated cells in these periods were CCSP-immunoreactive (91.7%, 91.3%, and 88.2%, respectively), which means progenitor function of Clara cells. FoxJ1-immunoreactive BrdU-incorporated cells were fewer (5.4%, 3.0%, 2.7%, respectively). The average incidences of BrdU-LRCs in the terminal bronchioles after 2, 6, and 18 months were 7.2%, 4.3, and 2.7%, respectively. Most BrdU-LRCs were CCSP-immunoreactive (91.0%, 92.7%, and 89.6%, respectively), and FoxJ1- immunoreactive BrdU-LRCs were fewer (6.0%, 5.7%, and 2.1%, respectively). CGRP-positive BrdUincorporated cells were occasional. CGRP-positive BrdU-LRCs were detected in 17.6% of neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) at 2 months, but disappeared at 6 months. BrdU-positive stem cell candidates, which locate at the brochiolo-alveolar duct junction or cover NEB, were few throughout this study. In conclusion, in the lungs treated only with BrdU, CCSP-immunoreactive cells are important to maintain homeostasis in the terminal bronchiolar epithelium.
Open Access
Brush-like cells within bronchial epithelia of chicken lung, Gallus gallus
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2000) López, J.; Cuesta, N.; Burrell, M.A.
The secondary and primary (mesobronchus) bronchi of chicken lung are lined by a typical respiratory epithelium: pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells. Up to date, four constituting epithelial cell types have been identified: ciliated, mucosecretory, basal and endocrine cells. In this study a putative new epithelial cell type, the brush-like cell, is described. The avian brush-like cells have only been found in the bronchial epithelia but never in the gas-exchange areas. They are scattered among the other epithelial cells, mainly ciliated cells, and their number is extremely low. The characteristic morphological feature of these cells is an apical protruding cytoplasm with microvilli. This cell type is similar to that found in the lung of some mammalian and non-mammalian species. The functional role of these cells is not yet clear; they could carry out absorptive processes.
Open Access
Caracterización del pulmón como órgano diana de la muerte por sumersión: evaluación del estrés oxidativo y concentraciones de elementos traza
(Universidad de Murcia, 2022-09-28) Barrera Pérez, Estefanía; María Dolores Pérez Cárceles; Agustín Sibón Olano; Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
El diagnóstico de asfixia por sumersión sigue siendo una de las muertes más difíciles y controvertidas de establecer. Representa una de las principales causas de muerte no intencional a nivel mundial. En la mayoría de las ocasiones, el patólogo forense precisa para llegar a un diagnóstico certero, no solo de los hallazgos de autopsia, sino de una serie de pruebas complementarias tales como estudios histopatológicos, biológicos y químicos. A pesar de ser el pulmón el órgano más afectado en la muerte por sumersión, existe poca información sobre el impacto que tiene en este órgano este tipo de muerte. Los objetivos de nuestro trabajo fue investigar la concentración de elementos traza en los pulmones de sujetos que habían fallecido por diferentes causas de muerte para evaluar la capacidad de discriminación de los elementos traza en el diagnóstico de la muerte por sumersión en agua salada. Y conocer los procesos de estrés oxidativo en las muertes por sumersión en agua salada y otras causas de muerte, analizando los niveles de marcadores de estrés oxidativo (MDA y GSH) en lóbulos pulmonares, así como su correlación con alteraciones en la expresión inmunohistoquímica de la proteína A del surfactante pulmonar. Material y métodos: se analizaron un total de 11 elementos traza en 74 casos forenses mediante Espectrometría de Masas con Plasma Acoplado Inductivamente (ICP-MS). Para identificar alteraciones ultraestructurales y determinar los niveles de elementos traza en las muestras de pulmón se utilizó microscopía electrónica de barrido asociado a espectroscopia de rayos X de dispersión de energía. Por otra parte, estudiamos en una serie de 93 casos de autopsias forenses, los marcadores de estrés oxidativo mediante determinación colorimétrica de Malondialdehído (MDA), por espectrofotometría el GSH (método de Tiztze). Por último, para evaluar la expresión inmunohistoquímica de la PS-A se realizaron análisis histológicos utilizando el anticuerpo monoclonal de ratón anti-SPA humano PE-10. Resultados: se obtuvieron concentraciones significativamente más altas de Br y Sr, y concentraciones significativamente más bajas de Cu, Zn, Se, Cd y Pb en los casos de muerte por sumersión en agua salada frente a otras causas de muerte. Estos resultados fueron confirmados por PCA, que reveló una amplia separación entre las muertes por sumersión y el resto de las causas de muerte. Los niveles de MDA fueron superiores en ambos pulmones en los casos de muerte por sumersión en agua de mar en comparación con otras causas de muerte, existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las concentraciones de MDA entre los tres grupos de causas de muerte analizados. Del mismo modo, se observó niveles significativamente superiores de GSH en los casos de sumersión frente al resto de muertes, resultando ser más significativo en el pulmón derecho. Se obtuvo mayor expresión inmunohistoquímica de la SP-A en los casos de sumersión en agua salada que en las otras causas de muerte, siendo los niveles superiores en ambos pulmones. En el análisis de correlación entre los niveles de estrés oxidativo (MDA y GSH) en tejido pulmonar y el nivel de expresión de la SP-A se obtuvieron resultados positivos y significativos para los casos de sumersión en agua de mar, tanto en membrana alveolar como en el espacio alveolar. Conclusiones: la determinación de los elementos traza Br y Sr en pulmón junto con la determinación de los niveles de MDA y GSH en tejido pulmonar, así como el nivel de expresión de la SP-A puede ser de gran importancia en el diagnóstico de la muerte por sumersión en agua salada y circunstancias de la muerte. Un mejor conocimiento de la fisiología de la sumersión es importante por sus posibles repercusiones en la adopción de medidas en el abordaje de pacientes que han sobrevivido a un proceso de sumersión y también crucial en patología forense para una interpretación más correcta de los acontecimientos que conducen a la muerte por sumersión.
Open Access
Challenging diagnosis in pulmonary NUT carcinoma: A report of two cases with different histopathologic and molecular features and a novel SPECC1 :: NUTM1 gene fusion
(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Histología e Histopatología, 2025) Xie Ling; Chen Jie; Ke Fei; Zheng YanYing; Li Hui; Biología Celular e Histología
Background. NUT carcinoma (NC), formerly known as NUT midline carcinoma, is a rare but highly aggressive cancer. It is a poorly differentiated carcinoma characterized by rearrangements of the NUTM1 (nuclear protein in Testis) gene with a member of the bromodomain-containing protein (BRD) family gene, usually BRD4. There is limited knowledge about primary pulmonary NC till now. It is probably underestimated or underdiagnosed because of its poorly differentiated character, misleading immunophenotype, and wide range of differential diagnoses. Method. We report here two cases of pulmonary NC with different clinicopathological and molecular presentations to draw attention to some atypical clinicopathologic features that can help clinicians and pathologists consider this rare entity. Results. The first case shows a nested pattern with small, uniform, blue epithelioid cells and aberrant expression of neuroendocrine markers, which has a known BRD3::NUTM1 fusion accompanied by a novel IGR (downstream ROR2)::NUTM1 fusion. The second case demonstrates solid sheets and cords of eosinophilic epithelioid-polygonal cells with a mucoid stroma and TTF1 expression, which has a novel SPECC1::NUTM1 gene fusion accompanied by TP53 and JAK1 gene oncogenic variants. Conclusion. As a result, our study contributes to expanding the variant spectrum of the NUTM1 gene. NUT carcinoma with different fusion partners seems to have unique clinicopathological characteristics, yet more cases need to accumulate experience
Open Access
Electron microscopic observations of elastic fibres in the lung and aorta of tight-skin and beta-aminopropionitrile-fed mice
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Masumi Akita; Seong Ho Lee; Katsuji Kaneko
The lung of the tight-skin (TSK) mouse was characterized by enlargement of the air spaces. Elastin in the alveolar walls of the TSK mouse exhibited fragmentation. The aorta of the TSK mouse was characterized by marked hyperplasia of loose connective tissue in the adventitia. Collagen fibres and ruthenium red-positive materials were markedly increased. Microfibrils surrounding elastin in the adventitia of the aorta were not clear in the TSK mouse. In the lung of the beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)-fed mouse. enlargement of the alveolar air spaces was not prominent compared with the TSK mouse. Elastic fibres in the alveolar walls did not show the fragmentation observed in the TSK mouse, and microfibrils surrounding elastin were clearly observed. However. elastic laminae in the media of the BAPNfed mouse aorta were swollen and fragmented. Elastic fibres in the adventitia exhibited a normal appearance and microfibrils surrounding elastin in the adventitia were clearly observed. The results suggest that the mechanism of the connective tissue abnormality in the TSK mouse is different from that of BAPN. which inhibits the activity of lysyl oxidase. The abnormality of elastin and microfibrils surrounding elastin in the TSK mouse probably plays a role in the deformity or degradation of elastic fibres and the structural changes of the lung.
Open Access
Experimental reproduction of acute pneumonic pasteurellosis in rabbits
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Redondo, E.; Masot, A.J.; Gázquez, A.; Roncero, V.; Durán, E.; Piriz, S.
A histomorphometric and physiopathological study was made of the lung parenchyma of Belgian White SPF rabbits infected experimentally with Pasteurella multocida type A. Symptoms observed were characteristic of the acute respiratory syndrome. Mean serum cortisol concentration and rectal temperature increased in al1 experimental groups. Histopathological changes included alveolitis and leukocytic bronchitis. Changes in alveolar and bronchial cytoarchitecture were attributed to the degeneration and necrosis of constituent epithelial cells.
Open Access
Expression, localization and function of galectin-8, a tandem-repeat lectin, in human tumors
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Elola, María T.; Ferragut, Fátima; Cárdenas Delgado, Víctor M.; Nugnes, Lorena G.; Gentilini, Lucas; Laderach, Diego; Troncoso, María F.; Compagno, Daniel; Wolfenstein-Tode, Carlota; Rabinovich, Gabriel A.
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a ‘tandem-repeat’-type galectin, which possesses two carbohydrate recognition domains connected by a linker peptide. Gal-8 complexity is related to the alternative splicing of its mRNA precursor, which is known to generate isoforms. Regarding its carbohydrate-binding specificity, Gal-8 has a unique feature among galectins, since its Cterminal domain has higher affinity for N-glycan-type branched oligosaccharides, while its N-terminal domain shows strong affinity for α2-3-sialylated or 3’-sulfated ß-galactosides. We integrate here the available information on Gal-8 expression in different tumor types and attempt to elucidate associations of its expression and localization during tumor progression with the overarching goal of analyzing its potential applications in diagnosis and prognosis. Differential diagnosis is still a prime concern in tumor pathology, and Gal-8 could be of great value in some types of primary or secondary tumors (i.e. papillary thyroid carcinoma, advanced colon carcinoma from patients with distant metastases, or metastases from primary lung carcinoma). The prognostic value of Gal-8 has been described for laryngeal carcinoma as well as advanced colon carcinoma. Further studies are needed to explain the relevance of Gal-8 and its isoforms in tumor pathology and their different intra- or extracellular roles (cytoplasmic, nuclear or extracellular) in tumor biology.
Open Access
Fluoro-edenite fibres induce lung cell apoptosis, an in vivo study
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Loreto, C.; Rapisarda, V.; Carnazza, M.L.; Musumeci, G.; Valentino, M.; Fenga, C.; Martinez, G.
We previously showed that apoptosis in the lungs of sheep exposed to fluoro-edenite fibres is induced via the receptor pathway. The present study was performed to gain further insights into the mechanisms of activation of programmed cell death induced by the fibres. Fluoro-edenite fibres are similar in size and morphology to some amphibolic asbestos fibres. They have been found in benmoreitic lavas, in the local stone quarry, in building materials and in road paving at Biancavilla, a town in eastern Sicily (Italy), where epidemiological surveys revealed a cluster of mortality from pleural mesothelioma. Inhalation of asbestos fibres can cause chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Since fluoro-edenite has been shown to activate the apoptotic process, we set out to characterise the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins in fluoroedenite- exposed lung disease and sought to determine if apoptosis results from fluoro-edenite exposure. Lung tissue from apparently healthy sheep habitually grazing near Biancavilla was processed for immunohistochemical localisation of bcl-2 and bax. Results showed epithelial and interstitial bax overexpression, especially in cells directly in contact with the fibres, and negative bcl-2 immunoexpression. TUNEL-positive cells were detected in alveoli and connective tissue. The integrity of alveolar epithelium and alveolar apoptosis are critical determinants in the pathways that initiate fibrogenesis in the lung and fibroblastic foci are usually found close to abnormal or denuded alveolar epithelium. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that apoptosis is an important mechanism for removing cells with irreparable fluoro-edenite-induced genetic changes that predispose them to a neoplastic evolution.
Open Access
Grading lung neuroendocrine tumors: Controversies in search of a solution
(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Pelosi, Giuseppe; Pattini, Linda; Morana, Giovanni; Fabbri, Alessandra; Faccinetto, Alex; Fazio, Nicola; Valeri, Barbara; Sonzogni, Angelica
Background. Pathological grading of tumors is a way to measure biological aggressiveness. In lung neuroendocrine tumors (NET), grading is tautologically included into the current 2015 WHO histologic classification. Little is known, however, about alternative grading systems in lung NET. Methods. Through an extensive search of the English literature on lung NET (updated to April 2016), the following key questions were addressed: a) current concepts of grading; b) clinicians’ requests for grading; c) functional parameters for grading; d) Ki-67 labeling index (LI) for grading; e) towards an effective pathology grading system. Results. There is some room for inconsistency in the histologic classification of lung NET, likely due to the varying attribution of defining criteria. Innovative diffusion-weighted imaging upon magnetic resonance or molecular analysis could help separate indolent from aggressive lung NET, thus integrating a grading approach other than histology. Troubles in the clinical handling of metastatic or individual tumors when relying on morphology alone support the development of a lungspecific grading system for the more accurate prediction of prognosis and planning therapy in individual patients. To integrate the 2015 WHO classification using innovative grading based on Ki-67 LI, mitotic count and necrosis, a new proposal is emerging where three categories of lung NET are identified, namely Lu-NET G1, Lu-NET G2 and Lu-NET G3, which would allow tumors with similar behavior and therapy to be better handled according to their own biological potential. Conclusion. A new formulation of lung NET grading could have clinical relevance for the individual handling of patients. Key words:
Open Access
Histopathological study of corpora amylacea pulmonum
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Dobashi, Michio; Yuda, Fumiaki; Narabayashi, Masaru; Imai, Yutaka; Isoda, Noboru; Obata, Kazuya; Umetsu, Akemi; Ohgushi, Masatoshi
In this paper, we present a rare disorder which is known as corpora amylacea pulmonum. X-ray CT scanning showed an abnormal focus of the lung as a solitary mass with high density and spicular features around the surface. The resected l u n ~ti ssue was - - U characterized by the appearance of round, concentrically laminated acellular bodies about 40-80 microns in diameter. The bodies were usually found lying free in the alveolar space and surrounded by the exudate alveolar macrophages or multinuclear giant cells. Some of these macrophages were in a state of progressive degeneration. The bodies showed an affinity for Congo red and exhibited partial birefringence. Moreover, al1 the bodies had a strong positivity for the PAS reaction and anti lysozyme antibodies. The exudate alveolar macrophages and multinuclear giant cells also displayed reactivity for PAS and lysozyme in a similar manner to that of the bodies. Electron microscopically the bodies were fundamentally composed of fibrillar elements, which bore some resemblance to amyloid fibrils and probably accounted for the partial affinity of the bodies for Congo red. These amyloid-like fibrils were also found in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. This suggested that the concentrically laminated bodies in corpora amylacea pulmonum might be formed by sequential aggregation, fusion, coalescence and compaction of degenerated alveolar macrophages.
Open Access
Human pulmonary dirofilariasis, report of a new European case
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Fabbretti, G.; Fedeli, F.; Alessi, A.; Boaron, M.; Salpietro, V.; Brisigotti, M.
We report a new European case of pulmonary dirofilariasis occurring in an Italian patient. The paper emphasizes the peculiar pathological features of Pulmonary Dirofilariasis, that, on clinical and radiological grounds, closely irriitates primary or secondary neoplasms. The disease characteristically presents itrelf as a solitary subpleural coin-like lesion, histologically corresponding to a well demarcatec,, roughly spherical infarct, centered by a medium-sized thrombosed artery whose lumen contains the parasite, i.e. a Dirofilaria nematode.
Open Access
Inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung. lmmunohistochemical analysis on four new cases
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Barbareschi, M.; Ferrero, S.; Aldovini, D.; Leonardi, E.; Colombetti, V.; Carboni, N.; Mariscotti, C.
Inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung (I.P.) is a quite rare benign lesion, variously named by different authors. In the present report four new cases of I.P. are presented and immunohistochemically studied with a panel of antibodies. Microscopically, the most prominent histological features were the presence of interlacing bundles of elongated histiocytic-like cells, plasma cell aggregates and lymphoid follicles. Irnmunohistochemistry showed that plasma cells are polyclonal. The spindle cells were negative for desmin, cytokeratins, lysozyme and S-100 and immunoreactive for alpha-l-antichymotrypsin, vimentin and for smoothmuscle alpha-actin. Actin and desmin, were clearly evident in the vessels' smooth muscle layers, highlighting the angioinvasive behaviour of the lesions. Our data are in keeping with literature suggesting that I.P. is due to a mixed histiocytic-myofibroblastic-reactive proliferation and support the inflammatory nature of IP.
Open Access
Maternal smoking during pregnancy affects neuroendocrine cells in the neonate hamster lung
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1988) Keith, lngegerd; Kary, John R.
Primigravid Syrian golden hamsters were exposed in a Walton smoking machine to the smoke from either weak or strong cigarettes for 10 minute periods, 4 times a day from the 3rd to 14th (2nd last) day of pregnancy. Control hamsters were either similarly restrained in a Walton machine equipped with an unlit cigarette, or were not placed in the machine or restrained. Examination of the progeny in the first 6 days of life showed changes in density indices of grouped pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cells (neuroepithelial bodies, NEB) that were related to in utero exposure to maternal smoking. Argyrophil NEB were more numerous, larger, and contained more cells at birth among neonates whose mothers smoked the strong cigarette (2.45 mg nicotine and 36.8 mg tar) during pregnancy. This suggests a doserelated effect as the weak cigarette (0.37 mg nicotine and 33.8 mg tar) group did not show such changes. However, some of the changes described did not last through 3 or 6 days of age. The stress resulting from restraint alone also appeared to increase argyrophil NEB indices. Lung tissue volume fraction was increased in the weak cigarette group over all other groups at birth and 3 days; this suggests that low nicotine has the strongest pharmacological effect on lung tissue growth. The medial thickness of pulmonary arterioles was unchanged by either treatment; this provides morphometric evidence that chronic pulmonary hypertension was not present. We could not determine whether the increased NEB indices were caused by increased stainability, by activation of resident reserve cells, or by actual mitosis.
Open Access
Morphologic changes and methodological issues in the rabbit experimental model for diaphragmatic hernia
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Roubliova, Xenia I.; Deprest, Jan A.; Biard, Jean Marc; Ophalvens, Lieve; Gallot, Denis; Jani, Jacques C.; Van de Ven, Cornelis P.; Tibboel, Dick; Verbeken, Erik K.
Summary. Fetal lung development may be impaired by some congenital anomalies or in utero events. Animal models are used to understand the pathophysiology of these diseases and explore therapeutic strategies. Our group has an interest in the prenatal management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Isolated CDH remains associated with a 30% mortality because of lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. On day 23 of gestation (pseudoglandular stage) CDH was created in both ovarian-end fetuses (n=28) in 14 time-mated pregnant white rabbits (hybrid of Dendermonde and New-Zealand White). At term (day 30) all survived operated fetuses and size-matched controls were harvested. Fetuses/lungs were assigned randomly to formalin fixation either under pressure of 25 cm H2O (CDH25 n=5; CTR25 n=5) or without (0 cm H2O (CDH0 n=7; CTR0 n=7). Fetuses and lungs were first weighed, and then the lungs were processed for morphometry. Pulmonary development was evaluated by lung-to-body weight ratio (LBWR) and airway and vascular morphometry. Surgical induction of CDH does reduce the LBWR to hypoplastic levels. The contralateral lung weight is 81% of what is expected, whereas the ipsilateral lung is only 46% of the normal. This was accompagnied by a loss of conducting airway generations, precisely, terminal bronchioles (TB), which were surrounded by less alveoli. The ipsilateral CDH lung demonstrated a thickened media in the peripheral arteries as well. As a result, in the severely hypoplastic ipsilateral lung, an airway fixation pressure of 25 H2O has no significant effect on the morphometric indices. The contralateral lung has a normal amount of alveoli around a single TB, which also behave like alveoli of the normal lung, i.e. expand under pressure fixation. The present study on severely hypoplastic lungs that never respirated, shows that in contrast to normal lungs, the morphometric indices are not significantly influenced by a difference in fixation pressure. Increasing fixation pressure seems to expand the lung only when sufficient alveolated parenchyma is present.
Open Access
Morphology and changes in Clara cells in the foetal bronchioles of Swiss mice
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Blanco, A.; Mendez, A.; Carrasco, L.; Bautista, María José; Sierra, M. A.
In this work we have studied the morphology and evolution of Clara cells in the bronchiolar mucosa of lungs from 63 Swiss mice foetuses that were classified into three groups according to age (14, 16 and 18 days). A control group composed of 21 15-day-old Swiss mice was also studied. The most salient feature of the Clara cells observed was the occurrence of two types of secretory granules and a large smooth endoplasmic reticulum . On the other hand, the Clara cells of the control group had a single secretory granule. Clara cells thus seem to take part in bronchiolar metabolism, as they were quite abundant in the early foetal groups and diminished as birth approached. This cell decrease was confirmed by the control group (15- day-old mice), the bronchioles of which contained scant cells and numerous ciliated cells.
Open Access
New aspects on the role of lipoxygenases in cancer progression
(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2005) Catalano, A.; Procopio, A.
The Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a class of enzymes that convert arachidonic, linoleic, and other polyunsaturated fatty acid into biologically active metabolites involved in the inflammatory and immune responses. Recent evidences indicate that LOXs and the signaling pathways that are involved in their activation are also important for carcinogenesis and tumor progression. LOXs should therefore receive as much attention from cancer researchers as it has already from immunologists. In this article, we will review some evidence that the LOXs pathways affect several aspects of lung, pancreatic and prostate cancer progression. Moreover, we discuss how this new perspective on the roles of LOXs and their metabolites can have important implications to cancer therapy.
Open Access
Overcoming lung challenges in TA-NRP assisted heart recovery in donation after the circulatory determination of death
(Frontiers Media, 2024-11-19) Royo Villanova, Mario; Moya Sánchez, José; Ortín Freire, Alejandro; Gea García, Jose H. de; Rebollo Acebes, Sergio; Moreno Flores, Alba; Blanco Morillo, Juan; Cánovas López, Sergio; Domínguez Gil, Beatriz; Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología
Thoraco-abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TA-NRP), utilizing Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) devices, has emerged as an effective strategy for heart recovery in donors declared dead by circulatory criteria (DCDD). After death declaration, TA-NRP restores heart activity by reperfusing the arrested heart with oxygenated blood at normothermia. Mechanical ventilation resumption in the donor enables weaning from ECMO and restores systemic circulation and oxygenation using the donor’s heart and lungs. However, if pre-existing conditions prevent the donor’s lungs from oxygenating blood post-cardiac activity restoration, weaning from veno-arterial ECMO may lead to systemic hypoxia, jeopardizing the restored cardiac function. Anticipating this scenario may guide planning a split ECMO circuit to facilitate earlier and more effective recovery of donor heart function post-ECMO weaning. This manuscript describes three cases of DCDD donors with hypoxic respiratory failure undergoing TA-NRP for heart recovery. By establishing a bridge in the arterial portion of the circuit, clamped out after weaning from veno-arterial ECMO, donor heart function was assessed exclusively with veno-venous ECMO support, leading to successful heart transplantation.
Open Access
Primary proximal epithelioid sarcoma of the lung: A case report and review of the literature
(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2024) Li, Jiayu; Zhou, Yehan; Liu, Yang
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that can be divided into proximal/axial type and classical/distal type. Primary proximal epithelioid sarcoma of the lung is extremely rare. So far, no more than five cases have been reported. We reported a case of primary pulmonary ES and reviewed the literature to summarize its clinicopathological features. A 51-year-old man presented with hemoptysis and cough. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a nodule located in the apical and posterior segments of the left upper lobe of the lung. The patient underwent a lobectomy, and a pathologic diagnosis of epithelioid sarcoma was made. Histologically, most tumors are composed of epithelioid cells with evidence of bidirectional expression of epithelium and mesenchyma. The SMARCB1 stain of tumor cells was negative, and a pathogenic mutation of SMARCB1 p.E115* (exon 3) were identified by the next-generation sequencing. Two months after surgery, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) indicated tumor recurrence, and the patient received a round of adjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. After 11 months of follow-up, the patient died. We reported in detail the primary proximal epithelioid sarcoma of the lung treated with immunotherapy for the first time, providing ideas for diagnosis and treatmen
Embargo
Pulmonary production of soluble ST2 in heart failure
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2018-12-13) Pascual Figal, Domingo Andrés; Pérez Martínez, María T; Asensio López, María del Carmen; Sánchez Mas, Jesús; García García, María E; Martínez, Carlos M; Lencina, Miriam; Jara, Ruben; Januzzi, James L; Lax Pérez, Antonio Manuel; Medicina
Background: Serum concentrations of ST2 (interleukin-1 receptor-like 1) represent a meaningful prognostic marker in cardiac diseases. Production of soluble ST2 (sST2) may be partially extracardiac. Identification of sST2 sources is relevant to design strategies for modulating its signaling. Methods and results: An experimental model of ischemic heart failure was used. sST2, membrane-bound ST2 (ST2L), and IL-33 were measured in lungs, heart, kidney, and liver by quantifying mRNA and protein expression in tissue samples obtained at different times (1, 2, 4, and 24 weeks). Primary human type II pneumocyte cell cultures were subjected to strain. sST2 was measured in samples of bronchial aspirate and serum obtained from patients treated with invasive respiratory support. In the experimental model, sST2 increased significantly from the first week in both lungs and myocardium, whereas ST2L/IL-33 response was unfavorable in lungs (decrease) and favorable in myocardium (increase). No changes were observed in liver and kidneys. ST2 immunostaining was intensely observed in alveolar epithelium, and sST2 was secreted by primary human type II pneumocytes in response to strain. sST2 levels in lung aspirates were substantially higher in the presence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema (median, 228 [interquartile range, 28.4-324.0] ng/mL; P<0.001) than bronchopneumonia (median, 5.5 [interquartile range, 1.6-6.5]) or neurological disorders (median, 2.9 [interquartile range, 1.7-10.1]), whereas sST2 concentrations in serum did not differ. Conclusions: The lungs are a relevant source of sST2 in heart failure. These results may have implications for the progression of disease and the development of therapies targeting the ST2 system in patients with heart failure.