Browsing by Subject "Cerebellum"
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- PublicationOpen Access65Zn uptake in the rat cerebellum and brainstem(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2003) Vera-Gil, A.; Perez-Castejon, M.C.; Lahoz, M.; Aisa, J.; Recreo, M.P.; Serrano, P.; Pes, N.We have studied the autoradiographic uptake of 65Zn in the cerebellum and brainstem of the rat, contrasting these results with Timm’s positivity in these structures. Both, autoradiographic uptake and histochemical positivity, have demonstrated Zinc in a location that could be accepted as in climbing fibres and glomeruli of the cerebellum cortex, and also in brainstem neurons that project their axons to the cerebellum cortex, suggesting a circuit where zinc may act as a neuromodulator.
- ItemOpen AccessDevelopmental regulation of GABAB receptors and downstream molecules in the mouse brain(2025) Ana Fajardo Serrano; Rocío Alfaro Ruiz; María Llanos Martínez Poyato; Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez; Sebastián García Madrona; Alberto Roldán Sastre; Pablo Alonso-Gómez; Miriam Fernández; Ricardo Puertas-Avendaño; Ryuichi Shigemoto; Kirill A. Martemyanov; Rafael Luján; Carolina Aguado; Biología Celular e HistologíaMetabotropic GABA (GABAB) receptors have modulatory functions on neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. To fulfil these functions, GABAB receptors form macromolecular signaling complexes with G proteins, effectors, and other associated proteins. Here we investigated the postnatal development of GABAB receptors (GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits) in mouse brain, focusing on potential similarities in the spatial and temporal expression pattern of their associated proteins CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7, using histoblots, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. At all ages analyzed, histoblot showed that the six proteins were widely expressed in the brain, with mostly an overlapping pattern throughout postnatal development. In the hippocampus, immunoelectron microscopy and quantitative analysis of immunoparticles for GABAB1, GABAB2, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 revealed their progressive enrichment around excitatory synapses on dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells toward P15. At presynaptic sites, GABAB receptors colocalize with CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 in the active zone and extrasynaptic membranes of axon terminals, establishing synapses on dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal cells. In the cerebellum, double immunofluorescence at P7 and P10 revealed the colocalization of GABAB1 and CaV2.1 in the whole dendritic tree of developing Purkinje cells. Immunoelectron microscopy at P15 showed that GABAB1, GABAB2, CaV2.1, Gαo, Gβ5, and RGS7 are distributed along the dendritic surface of Purkinje cells, enriched close to excitatory synapses in spines. Altogether, these data suggest that macromolecular complexes composed of GABAB1 /GABAB2/CaV2.1/ Gαo/Gβ5/RGS7 are pre-assembled during key stages of postnatal development in hippocampal and cerebellar neurons.
- PublicationOpen AccessEffect of ethanol on the cerebellar cortex of the chick embryo(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Quesada, A.; Prada, F. A.; Espinar, A.; Genís-Gálvez, J. M.
- PublicationOpen AccessEnlargement of GAD-immunopositive terminals in the(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1995) Krug, F.; Bäurle, J.; Grüsser-Cornehls, U.Reorganization of cerebellar circuitry due to specific cell loss in Weaver mutants causes physiological and morphological alterations in the terminal domains of the GABAergic cerebellar corticovestibular projections. In this study sizes of anti-GAD immunopositive terminals in the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus (dLVN) of normal mice and Weaver mutants were quantified morphometrically. In anti-GADimmunoreacted material terminal sizes in the dLVN of Weaver exceed significantly those of coprocessed wildtypes. This suggests that the cerebellar disturbances in Weaver predispose the normal synaptic remodelling observed in wildtypes towards the formation of enlarged terminals.
- PublicationOpen AccessGolgi apparatus localization of ZNT7 in the mouse cerebellum(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Gao, Hui-Ling; Feng, Wan-Yu; Li, Xiao-Ling; Xu, He; Huang, Liping; Wang, Zhan-YouWe have recently reported that four members of the zinc transporter (ZNT) family, ZNT1, ZNT3, ZNT4, and ZNT6, are abundantly expressed in the mouse cerebellum. In the present study, we reported that ZNT7 was present throughout the cerebellar cortex. ZNT7 immunoreactivity was predominately present in the somas and primary dendrites of the Purkinje cells. ZNT7 was also present in the Bergmann glial cell bodies as well as their radial processes, which extended into the molecular cell layer. Confocal immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the expression of ZNT7 overlapped with that of TGN38 in the somas of the Purkinje cells and granule cells. Immuno-electron microscopic study showed that ZNT7 was localized to the membrane of the Golgi apparatus in the somas of the Purkinje cells, Bergmann glial cells, and granule cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that a considerable amount of ZNT7 was expressed in the cerebellum. These findings suggest a significant role of ZNT7 in zinc homeostasis in the mouse cerebellum.
- PublicationOpen AccessHaemangioblastoma, Histological and immunohistological study of an enigmatic cerebellar tumour(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Cruz-Sánchez, F. F.; Rossi, M.L.; Rodríguez-Prados, S.; Nakamura, N.; Hughes, J.T.; Coakham, H.B.Paraffin-embedded blocks of 36 cerebellar haemangioblastomas were reacted with a panel of antibodies including glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, Factor VIII, a neuroendocrine marker and with Ulex europaeus. agglutinin The main histological features, apart from the characteristic large abnormal vessels, were a prominent reticulin network, a cystic architecture and cellular and nuclear polymorphism. Two cell types were identified: endothelial and stromal. Twenty tumours were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein because of included or reactive astrocytes as well as positive stromal cells. Vimentin was positive in all tumours with a diffuse distribution and a somatic pattern; blood vessels, stromal cells and reactive astrocytes were strongly positive. Factor V111 and Ulex europaeus agglutinin reactivity were present in a similar pattern of staining in endothelium and in five cases there were stromal cells that were positive with the latter. We were not able to ascertain the histogenesis of the stromal cell, which remains enigmatic.
- PublicationOpen AccessHypothalamocerebellar and cerebellohypothalamic projections - circuits for regulating nonsomatic cerebellar activity.(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Dietrichs, E.; Haines, D.E.; Roste, G. K.; Roste, L. S.Cerebellar involvement in visceral and affective responses is known from physiological and behavioral studies, but the pathways involved in these responses have remained enigmatic. Over the last ten years neuroanatomical studies have shown that the cerebellum and hypothalamus are interconnected by direct hypothalamocerebellar and cerebellohypothalamic projections and by a multitude of indirect pathways. The hypothalamocerebellar projection terminates in the cerebellar nuclei and in all layers of the cerebellar cortex as multilayered fibres. This projection is, at least in part, histaminergic. New immunocytochemical experiments indicate that small numbers of hypothalamocerebellar neurones may contain GABA- or glycine-like immunoreactivity. GABA may function as a transmitter in hypothalamocerebellar fibres, probably in conjunction with histamine, but it is not clear whether glycine may also function as a transmitter or only serve metabolic functions. The bidirectional pathways between the cerebellum and hypothalamus may be part of the circuits through which the cerebellum participates in the modulation of a variety of nonsomatic events. In addition, new observations on patients with well localized cerebellar lesions reveal simultaneous somatic and visceral dysfunction. Recent research on direct hypothalamocerebellar pathways and on other connections between hypothalamus and cerebellum is reviewed. It is hypothesized that the cerebellum may act as a general modulator and coordinator of a wide range of central nervous activities, somatic as well as nonsomatic.
- PublicationOpen AccessMature congenital intraneural teratoma in cerebellum of pig(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Soto Domíngue, Adolfo; Rodríguez Rocha, Humberto; García García, Aracely; Saucedo Cárdenas, Odila; Rodríguez Tovar, Luis E.; Castillo Velázquez, UzielThe biological behavior of teratomas depends on several interdependent clinical and epidemiological variables such as age at diagnosis, sex, tumor microenvironment, and tumor morphology, among others. All these variables are correlated to different cytogenetic and molecular aberrations (Harms et al., 2006). There are null reports of teratomas in pigs. The aim of this study was to characterize the tissues present in a mature congenital intraneural teratoma in the cerebellum area of a Landrace female pig of 6-7 weeks old. In this study, tissue control samples were used to validate each staining method. Sections from the teratoma showed normal histology of the cerebellum, including rounded Purkinje neurons with abundant cytoplasm, euchromatic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli; glial cells with a scarce amount of cytoplasm and small and highly basophile-nuclei (compact chromatin) and axonal tracts (white matter). Interestingly, we also observed areas with tissues different from the nervous tissue, including bundles of well-defined skeletal muscle fibers with a striated pattern and peripheral nuclei; hyaline cartilage plaques, with prominent presence of chondrocytes in their lagoons forming isogenous groups surrounded by a territorial and interterritorial matrix; trabeculated bone tissue; and adipocytes, which are ringshaped cells with peripheral flattened nuclei, as a result of the presence of a central large lipid droplet. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe a congenital intraneural mature teratoma in the cerebellum of a pig.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphologic changes within the cerebellar cortex in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat model for Parkinson disease(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Wu, Chenghua; Fan, Guoguang; Wu, Chunli; Yu, Guibo; Li, ZixuanParkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Most investigations have focused on the cerebral regions such as the basal ganglia, thalamus, or the substantia nigra, but whether there is pathologic impairment within the cerebellum has rarely been assessed. Synapsin and neurofilament as the inner markers of neurons and synapses reflect the functional state by their distribution or expression. Significant morphologic changes at the cellular level have been demonstrated directly or indirectly in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the behavioral abnormalities that accompany PD are associated with the cerebellum using an in vivo 6- hydroxydopamine lesioned rat model. Forty-two rats were divided into three groups, the Parkinsonian group (N=22), sham group (N=10) and control group (N=10). The dopaminergic lesion was determined by immunohistochemical analysis for tyrosine hydroxylaseimmunopositive cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the density of synapsin I in the granular layer of the cerebellum on both sides of the Parkinsonian -model was not statistically significantly different compared to the control and sham groups. However, expression of neurofilament H in the cortex within bilateral paramedian lobule (PML) and Crus 2 of the ansiform lobule (C2AL) in cerebellum posterior lobe of Parkinsonian rats was decreased compared with controls (P<0.05), especially in the loss of Purkinje cells and the presence of morphologic abnormalities in the cell nucleus. The study suggested that loss of neurons and synapses may take place in the cerebellar cortex of Parkinson’s disease, and might play an important role in the pathologic mechanism of PD.
- PublicationOpen AccessNigral degeneration correlates with persistent activation of cerebellar Purkinje cells in MPTP-treated monkeys(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Heman, Paola; Barcia, Carlos; Gómez, Aurora; Ros, Carmen M.; Ros Bernal, Francisco; Yuste Jiménez, José Enrique; Pablos, Vicente de; Fernández Villalba, Emiliano; Toledo Cárdenas, María Rebeca; Herrero Ezquerro, María TrinidadIn the present work we analyze the cerebellum of chronic parkinsonian monkeys in order to clarify whether chronic mesencephalic depletion is associated with long term activation of the cerebellar neurons in chronic Parkinsonism. In our study, we observed a persistent activation of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of chronic parkinsonian macaques, characterized by the expression of c-Fos, which correlated with dopaminergic degeneration. These results are compatible with the results observed in fMRI in Parkinson’s disease patients, and may contribute to the understanding of additional alterations in the brain circuitry in Parkinsonism
- PublicationOpen AccessStudies with the Golgi method in central gangliogliomas and dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos disease)(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Ferrer, I.; Martí, E.; Guionneti, N.; Bella, R.; Serrano, T.; Towse, J.; Conesa, G.; Isamat, F.The rapid Golgi method, combined with current optical and electronmicroscopica1 techniques, was used in three central gangliogliomas and in one dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum to study the morphology of ganglionic cells. Gangliogliomas were composed of bipolar, fusiform and radiate cells with dense core and clear vesicles in the perikaryon and cellular processes, the number of each cellular type varying from one case to another. These features, together with the fact that isodendritic neurons are considered to be phylogenetically old neurons, suggest that these tumours are composed of «primitive» neurons that are not homogeneous with regard to their morphology. In contrast, ganglionic cells in dysplastic gangliocytoma are huge cells with long, stereotyped neurites that establish unique asymmetric contacts with neighbouring perikarya and neurites by means of claw-shaped processes covered with synaptic buttons. These morphological characteristics are different from those of any other neuron of the CNS.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe effects of CDP-choline on newborn rat pups with experimental alcohol fetopathy. A Golgi study(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Patt, Stephan; Cervós-Navarro, J.; Stoltenburg-Didinger, G.; Schreiner, C.Generally accepted features of alcoholic fetopathy are delayed maturation and retarded dendritic development of neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. The present study investigates the effects of a membrane stabilizing agent (CDP-choline) on Purkinje cells of chronically alcohol intoxicated newborn rat pups, employing a Golgi impregnation technique. Both quantitative and qualitative data indicate that CDP-choline modifies the alcohol induced lesion.
- PublicationOpen AccessUltrastructural alterations of the rabbit sciatic nerve, spinal cord and cerebellum, following methionine sulphoximine administration(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Kallaras, C.; Anogianakis, G.; Apostolakis, M.; Manthos, A.; Sioga, A.; Economou, L.; Foroglou, Ch.Methii~nine suluhoximine (MSO) is a centrally ácting neurutoxin wh'ich inhibits the glutainate nietabolism enzymes and has convulsive properties. Sniall doses of MSO were administered to rabbits. either intra\,eiiously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV), anil electron microscopic examination of the cerebellum. the spinal cord and the sciatic nerve was perforined on the first day of rabbit hind leg rigid paralysis (myopathy with histvlogical findings resenibling myositis). which set in by [he 2nd to 4th day after MSO administration. In thc cerebelluin focal minor alterations were hund in the astrocytes (swelling and lucidity. diminution of glycogen graiiules) and sparsely in the presynaptic terminals (luciditj. and clumping). whereas inost of the neuron prescnted a nornial appearance. In the spinal cord and in the sciatic nerve a dissociation of the axon from the iiiyelin shcath was evident in a small number of niyelinatcd nerve fibres, along with the appearance of vacuolated spaces. Mitochondrial disorganisation in the axons. as well as glial cell alterations, were also seen. Th c u l t r a s t r u c t ~ ~ r aall terat ions we r e non spe c i f i c , Lind siiice they wcre induced 2 to 4 days after the adniiriistration of either minimum doses (IV) or of exti-cmely low doses (ICV) of MSO, they inay be attributed to the inordinate increase of metabolism during the period of convulsions.