Publication: Erosión y desertificación.-Land degradation due to diapirs in Iran, case study: Hableh Rood drainage basin, east of Tehran
Authors
Zakikhani, K. ; Feiznia, S.
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Universidad de Murcia
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info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Different geological characteristics play role in Land degradation in Iran which are:
1-The abundance of Neogene evaporitic marly formations around and in desertic
depression. These units have had important role in the formation of present landforms,
are saline, alkaline and erodible and degrade the quality of water resources as diffuse
and widespread sources and are endless sources for sand dunes.
2- The presence of numerous diapirs, some of which are salt domes consisting of halite.
Due to diapirism, salts are now exposed at the surface of many parts of Iran and cause
soil, surface and underground water and vegetation degradation as point sources. The
importance of diapirism in geology of Iran has been emphasized previously. This paper
intends to investigate the effect of salt domes in land degradation and propose restoration
measures.
Salt dome or diapire is a dome or anticlinal fold which due to the fact that salt has been
intruded, the overlying rocks have been pierced and fractured. The process of movement
and reaching of salt to the surface is called diapirism.
Salt domes can be classified into active and inactive ones. Active diapirs are the ones
which are still incorporating salt into the surrounding environment. They are usually
young and play important role in degradation of natural resources. Solution of salt is
continued. From the view point of geomorphology, they show irregular topography. One
example of this kind of diapire is Kamaraj Salt Dome in Shahpour. Dalaki- Heleh
Drainage Basin, Zagros Mountain Ranges, Iran. In this area, surface water resources are
in constant contact with the salt. In inactive salt domes, diapirism has been terminated
and most of the salt has been dissolved away. These diapirs are usually older in age and
do not have important role in degradation of natural resources.
In this research, diapirs of north of Great Kavir, in Central Iran Geological Zone, Hableh-
Rood Drainage Basin, between Arzagh Bridge and Shahzadeh Hossein, northeast of
Garmsar, southeast of Tehran, located in 35,15’ to 35, 25’ north latitude and 52, 20’ to 52,
30’ east longitude were investigated in detail. From the view point of structural geology,
the studied area is located between Alborz Zone (soutern part) and and Central Iran
Zone(northern part). Hableh Rood originates from mountains of northwest of Firooz-Kuh,
drains Firruz-Kuh Plain and then reaches the studied area. Here, it receives Shor-Darreh
whose watershed contains many active diapirs of Oligocene Age.
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