Congreso Internacional sobre Desertificación.
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- PublicationOpen AccessEl impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Cambios en las propiedades fisico-químicas del suelo por adición de enmiendas orgánicas en cultivo de tomateSánchez Navarro, Antonio; Delgado Iniesta, María José; Marín Sanleandro, Purificación; Universidad de MurciaABSTRACT This study posible changes in the physico-chemical properties of soil under intensive cultivation of tomatoes after the addition of two different types of organic amendments: a natural as sheep manure and synthetic made. Trial plots that were designed are located in de NE of the province of Granada, in Puebla de Don Fadrique, in the area that in recent years, changes are very important in agriculture, from traditional farms extensive cultivation of rain-fed cereal crops such as intensive vegetale broccoli or tomatoes.
- PublicationOpen AccessEl impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Valorización agronómica de purines para su utilización en comúnGómez, M.; Estevez, M. D.; Faz, A.; Olivares, A. B.; Climent, V.ABSTRACT Due to the intensification of livestock production and the concentration of holdings in specific areas, has disrupted the balance between production and utilization of swine waste in agriculture. Given the volume of slurry generated in Murcia, and the total cultivable area and considering the legislation, RD 261/1996, which allows a maximum application of 170 kg N / ha / year in areas designated as vulnerable, it is estimated that to implement the slurry generated in the region in a year, would require only half the arable land devoted to irrigation. In this way, this study has included detailed monitoring of the effect of the application of pig slurry at a concentration recommended on the properties and chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, water and plant to determine the influence of slurry on the reserve of organic matter in each of these crops, as well as contaminated soils, through the creation of a pilot system for managing livestock waste in accordance with preventive measures that allow for their optimal use, without risk of contamination for the system watersoil- plant.
- PublicationOpen AccessEl impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-The availability of water in ranches of mediterranean type climateS. Schnabel; Pulido Fernández, M.; Lavado Contador, J.F.; Universidad de MurciaABSTRACT A preliminary study on water resources for livestock rearing in SW Spain is presented. The objectives of this work were to assess the availability of water for domestic animals in farms and to explain whether water shortages are controlled by environmental factors or are also related with land management. The study was carried out in 54 private farms of wooded and treeless rangelands in Extremadura. Field work, digital topographic maps and aerial photographs were used to assess the potential hydrological resources of each farm. The water needs of livestock were estimated considering the number and species of animals per farm, as well as other factors influencing their water consumption. Furthermore, semistructured interviews were carried out in order to gather information about water management. Results indicate that almost 20% of the farms suffer problems of water availability in summer and almost 50% during droughts. Different solutions are adopted by the farmers, including construction of infrastructure, bringing water from outside or moving the animals to other areas. Data indicate a positive relationship between problems of water supply and the degree of aridity. Data also point to a relationship with water consumption by livestock and the availability of water by artificial ponds.
- PublicationOpen AccessEl impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Programa de valorización de restos de pimiento y melón en producción hortícola en el campo de Cartagena, MurciaMoreno-Cornejo, J.; Faz Cano, A.; Pérez-Paterna, A.; Universidad de MurciaABSTRACT In the last decades, the irrigated agricultural areas have increased in Murcia, S.E. Spain, especially in the agrarian District “Comarca del Campo de Cartagena”. A consequence of this increase is the high use of fertilizers resulting to an excess of nutrients such as nitrogen. Another problem associated with the agriculture is the disposal of the increasing amount of organic agricultural residues from post-harvest practices. In this research we will study the effects of recycling crop residues as an organic fertilizer in vegetable production as a disposal management technique to reduce the amount of post-harvest residues.
- PublicationOpen AccessEl impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Desamortización e intensificación agraria de riberas fluviales: La vega de AranjuezLópez García, M.J.; Mateu Bellés, J. F.; Universidad de MurciaABSTRACT In Spain, successive appropriations by the state of river flood terraces which had previously been in communal or private hands led to –apart from notorious social repercussions– increased pressure on the limited water resources, loss of the diversity of agricultural uses as practices became more uniform, and accelerated destruction of the few remaining fragments of riverside woodlands. Later water laws (1866 and 1879) and court rulings permitted the aggregation of adjacent fields on river margins, the disappearance of customary uses (including settled and transhumant grazing) and the expansion of horticulture and other intensive arable crops. These changes in the middle of the nineteenth century provoked the loss of vegetation that, till then, had acted as a brake on the movement of peak flood flows whilst also flattening these peaks. This paper analyses the changes in a section of the Tajo-Jarama river valleys based on historical maps, and the IGN map series. The data show how the rate of change from natural terraces to cultivated terrain varied for different areas but was practically complete everywhere in the twentieth century. The model presented may be extrapolated to other rivers in the Iberian Peninsula indicating a process that could be relevant, together with other factors, in the interpretation of the magnitude and intensification of floods registered on the major rivers between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth.