Browsing by Subject "Degradation"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Conservación y turismo en la Araucanía: evaluación de capacidad de carga en senderos de áreas protegidas
    (Universidad de Murcia: servicio de publicaciones, 2025) González Vásquez, Ricardo; Sin departamento asociado
    The study evaluates the carrying capacity of 68 trails in protected areas of the Araucanía, Chile, incorporating precise correction factors, the seasonality of visitor flows, and a new approach to management capacity (MC). The carrying capacity ranges from 4,870 daily visitors in summer to 1,350 in winter, revealing gaps primarily due to MC limitations. It is suggested to implement seasonal monitoring for continuous tracking and future research to adjust management strategies based on changes in ecosystems and visitation patterns
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    Erosión y desertificación.-Land degradation due to diapirs in Iran, case study: Hableh Rood drainage basin, east of Tehran
    Zakikhani, K.; Feiznia, S.; Universidad de Murcia
    ABSTRACT Different geological characteristics play role in Land degradation in Iran which are: 1-The abundance of Neogene evaporitic marly formations around and in desertic depression. These units have had important role in the formation of present landforms, are saline, alkaline and erodible and degrade the quality of water resources as diffuse and widespread sources and are endless sources for sand dunes. 2- The presence of numerous diapirs, some of which are salt domes consisting of halite. Due to diapirism, salts are now exposed at the surface of many parts of Iran and cause soil, surface and underground water and vegetation degradation as point sources. The importance of diapirism in geology of Iran has been emphasized previously. This paper intends to investigate the effect of salt domes in land degradation and propose restoration measures. Salt dome or diapire is a dome or anticlinal fold which due to the fact that salt has been intruded, the overlying rocks have been pierced and fractured. The process of movement and reaching of salt to the surface is called diapirism. Salt domes can be classified into active and inactive ones. Active diapirs are the ones which are still incorporating salt into the surrounding environment. They are usually young and play important role in degradation of natural resources. Solution of salt is continued. From the view point of geomorphology, they show irregular topography. One example of this kind of diapire is Kamaraj Salt Dome in Shahpour. Dalaki- Heleh Drainage Basin, Zagros Mountain Ranges, Iran. In this area, surface water resources are in constant contact with the salt. In inactive salt domes, diapirism has been terminated and most of the salt has been dissolved away. These diapirs are usually older in age and do not have important role in degradation of natural resources. In this research, diapirs of north of Great Kavir, in Central Iran Geological Zone, Hableh- Rood Drainage Basin, between Arzagh Bridge and Shahzadeh Hossein, northeast of Garmsar, southeast of Tehran, located in 35,15’ to 35, 25’ north latitude and 52, 20’ to 52, 30’ east longitude were investigated in detail. From the view point of structural geology, the studied area is located between Alborz Zone (soutern part) and and Central Iran Zone(northern part). Hableh Rood originates from mountains of northwest of Firooz-Kuh, drains Firruz-Kuh Plain and then reaches the studied area. Here, it receives Shor-Darreh whose watershed contains many active diapirs of Oligocene Age.
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    El impacto de los plásticos en el mar y la esperanza de los bioplásticos como alternativa sostenible.
    (Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, Consejería de Educación y Cultura, Servicio de Publicaciones., 2024) Herrera Sánchez, Candela; Martiz Liza, Bruno
    En el presente trabajo se ha realizado una investigación sobre la problemática de los plásticos en el planeta Tierra, especialmente en mares y océanos y se ha concluido que los bioplásticos pueden ser una alternativa sostenible a los plásticos convencionales. Por ello, se han sintetizado bioplásticos utilizando almidón de maíz o de patata; agua destilada y glicerina, como plastificantes y ácido acético. Los bioplásticos con almidón de maíz se quebraron al secar, mientras que los obtenidos a partir de almidón de patata presentaron mejores características. Además, se han llevado a cabo diversos ensayos para comprobar la degradabilidad de estos bioplásticos. Los estudios preliminares han mostrado que todos los bioplásticos sintetizados son biodegradables y compatibles con el medioambiente.
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    Reclamation of aqueous waste solutions polluted with pharmaceutical and pesticide residues by biological-photocatalytic (solar) coupling in situ for agricultural reuse.
    (Elsevier, 2022) Pérez-Lucas, Gabriel; El Aatik, Aldo; Aliste, Marina; Hernández, Virginia; Fenoll, José; Navarro, Simón; Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología
    This work focuses on the detoxification of aqueous waste solutions polluted with 24 emerging pollutants (13 pharmaceuticals and 11 pesticides) using a coupled biological-photocatalytic facility under natural sunlight for use in crop irrigation. The polluted wastewater (urban, agricultural, and industrial) processed by conventional wastewater treatment plants is in some cases insufficient to reach the degree of purity required. This concern is of particular interest, especially in areas where a low rainfall pattern provides insufficient water resources to meet the demands caused by agriculture, which requires increased reuse of wastewater effluents. For this purpose, polluted water was first subjected to biological treatment followed by a photocatalytic process using the tandem TiO2/Na2S2O8. Residues of pharmaceuticals and pesticides were isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analysed by HPLC-QqQ-MS2. A notorious removal of pharmaceuticals was observed after biological treatment (average removal = 78%), except for diclofenac (31%) and carbamazepine (1%). In a contrary way, biodegradation of pesticides was inconspicuous (average removal = 48%) due to their recalcitrant properties. However, all compounds were rapidly degraded during the photocatalytic treatment because the fluence (H) required to obtain 90% degradation (H90) was<470 kJ m−2 for the most persistent pollutant (terbuthylazine). Single first order kinetic model satisfactorily explained the photooxidation of all micropollutants. Therefore, solar heterogeneous photocatalysis is presented as a promising technology to be incorporated as a tertiary process in wastewater treatment plants to remove biorecalcitrant pollutants. This implementation could be interesting especially in arid and semi-arid areas characterised by water scarcity but receiving many hours of sunshine per year, where a high percentage of reclaimed water is used for crop irrigation.