Histology and histopathology Vol.31,nº 12 (2016)
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- PublicationOpen AccessMuscular hypertrophy and atrophy in normal rats provoked by the administration of normal and denervated muscle extracts(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Agüera, Eduardo; Castilla, Salvador; Luque, Evelio; Jimena, Ignacio; Leiva Cepas, Fernando; Ruz Caracuel, Ignacio; Peña, JoséThis study was conducted to determine the effects of extracts obtained from both normal and denervated muscles on different muscle types. Wistar rats were used and were divided into a control group and four experimental groups. Each experimental group was treated intraperitoneally during 10 consecutive days with a different extract. These extracts were obtained from normal soleus muscle, denervated soleus, normal extensor digitorum longus, and denervated extensor digitorum longus. Following treatment, the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were obtained for study under optic and transmission electron microscope; morphometric parameters and myogenic responses were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that the treatment with normal soleus muscle and denervated soleus muscle extracts provoked hypertrophy and increased myogenic activity. In contrast, treatment with extracts from the normal and denervated EDL had a different effect depending on the muscle analyzed. In the soleus muscle it provoked hypertrophy of type I fibers and increased myogenic activity, while in the extensor digitorum longus atrophy of the type II fibers was observed without changes in myogenic activity. This suggests that the muscular responses of atrophy and hypertrophy may depend on different factors related to the muscle type which could be related to innervation.
- PublicationOpen AccessMixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas: a case report and a review(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Jakobsen, Mark; Klöppel, Günter; Detlefsen, SönkeA 62-year-old woman presented with abdominal discomfort. Imaging studies showed a tumor in the pancreatic tail. At contrast-enhanced CT and macroscopy, the tumor showed cystic, solid and hemorrhagic areas. Histologically, the tumor was wellcircumscribed and entirely encapsulated. Some of the tumor cells in the cystic areas were reminiscent of acinar cells, and the majority was arranged in a solid growth pattern. Immunohistochemistry revealed >30% positivity for chymotrypsin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56. The diagnosis of a mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MAEC) was made. Review of the English language literature revealed 44 previously published cases of resected MAECs. We found that, compared to pure acinar cell carcinoma, patients with MAEC have a slightly higher age and are less frequently males, as the male/female ratio was almost equal. The histogenesis of MAEC is still controversial. Due to the small number of cases it is at present not possible to define an evidencebased optimal treatment strategy for these patients.
- PublicationOpen AccessNestin+cells forming spheroids aggregates resembling tumorspheres in experimental ENU-induced gliomas(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) García Blanco, Alvaro; Bulnes, Susana; Pomposo, Iñigo; Carrasco, Alex; Lafuente, José VicenteNestin+cells from spheroid aggregates display typical histopathological features compatible with cell stemness. Nestin and CD133+cells found in glioblastomas, distributed frequently around aberrant vessels, are considered as potential cancer stem cells. They are possible targets for antitumoral therapy because they lead the tumorigenesis, invasiveness and angiogenesis. However, little is known about their role and presence in low-grade gliomas. The aim of this work is to localize and characterize the distribution of these cells inside tumors during the development of experimental endogenous glioma. For this study, a single dose of Ethyl-nitrosourea was injected into pregnant rats. Double immunofluorescences were performed in order to identify stem-like and differentiated cells. Low-grade gliomas display Nestin+cells distributed throughout the tumor. More malignant gliomas show, in addition to that, a perivascular location with some Nestin+cells co-expressing CD133 or VEGF, and the intratumoral spheroid aggregates of Nestin/CD133+ cells. These structures are encapsulated by welldifferentiated VEGF/GFAP+cells. Spheroid aggregates increase in size in the most malignant stages. Spheroid aggregates have morphological and phenotypic similarities to in vitro neurospheres and could be an in vivo analogue of them. These arrangements could be a reservoir of undifferentiated cells formed to escape adverse microenvironments.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphologic changes within the cerebellar cortex in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat model for Parkinson disease(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Wu, Chenghua; Fan, Guoguang; Wu, Chunli; Yu, Guibo; Li, ZixuanParkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Most investigations have focused on the cerebral regions such as the basal ganglia, thalamus, or the substantia nigra, but whether there is pathologic impairment within the cerebellum has rarely been assessed. Synapsin and neurofilament as the inner markers of neurons and synapses reflect the functional state by their distribution or expression. Significant morphologic changes at the cellular level have been demonstrated directly or indirectly in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the behavioral abnormalities that accompany PD are associated with the cerebellum using an in vivo 6- hydroxydopamine lesioned rat model. Forty-two rats were divided into three groups, the Parkinsonian group (N=22), sham group (N=10) and control group (N=10). The dopaminergic lesion was determined by immunohistochemical analysis for tyrosine hydroxylaseimmunopositive cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the density of synapsin I in the granular layer of the cerebellum on both sides of the Parkinsonian -model was not statistically significantly different compared to the control and sham groups. However, expression of neurofilament H in the cortex within bilateral paramedian lobule (PML) and Crus 2 of the ansiform lobule (C2AL) in cerebellum posterior lobe of Parkinsonian rats was decreased compared with controls (P<0.05), especially in the loss of Purkinje cells and the presence of morphologic abnormalities in the cell nucleus. The study suggested that loss of neurons and synapses may take place in the cerebellar cortex of Parkinson’s disease, and might play an important role in the pathologic mechanism of PD.
- PublicationOpen AccessAnalysis of HER2 status in gastroesophageal tumor specimens using a new automated HER2 IQFISH pharmDx™ (Dako Omnis) assay(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Viale, Giuseppe; Paterson, Jennifer; Bloch, Miriam; Csathy, George; Allen, David; Dell’Orto, Patrizia; Kjærsgaard, Gitte; Levy, Yaron Y.; Trøst Jørgensen, JanThe human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important target for treatment of gastroesophageal cancer. Different slide-based assays are available for assessment of HER2 status. Overexpression of the HER2 protein is assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) whereas amplification of the HER2 gene is assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or other in situ hybridization (ISH) methods. Here we report a summary of the validation data on HER2 IQFISH pharmDx™ (Dako Omnis), a newly developed assay for the automated staining platform Dako Omnis. This assay uses a non-toxic buffer that significantly reduces the hybridization time, which results in a total turnaround time of less than 4 hours from deparaffinization to counting of the gene and centromere signals. The data reported in the current summary cover method comparison, assessment of staining quality, observer-to-observer reproducibility as well as reproducibility within and between laboratories. Based on data from the different studies it was concluded that HER2 IQFISH pharmDx (Dako Omnis) is a reliable and robust assay, with high precision and at least comparable to the manual HER2 IQFISH pharmDx™ assay. The HER2 IQFISH pharmDx (Dako Omnis) assay is currently not commercially available outside the European Union.