Histology and histopathology Vol.31, nº1 (2016)
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- PublicationOpen AccessATRX loss in adult supratentorial diffuse astrocytomas correlates with p53 over expression and IDH1 mutation and predicts better outcome in p53 accumulated patients(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Shao, Li-Wei; Pan, Yi; Qi, Xue-Ling; Ma, Xiao Long; Yi, Wei-Ning; Zhang, Jing; Zhong, Yan-Feng; Chang, QingBackground: IDH1/2 mutation, 1p/19qcodeletion and MGMT hypermethylation are well known molecular markers for gliomas. ATRX and p53 alterations are two lineage-specific genetic aberrations in diffuse astrocytic tumors. The aim of the present study is to clarify the significance of ATRX loss and its correlation with p53 overexpression, IDH1/2 mutations, 1p/19q-codeletion and MGMT hypermethylation in supertentorial astrocytoma, and to determine the prognostic value of these factors in Chinese patients. Methods and Results: A total of 135 adult supertentorial astrocytomas were evaluated. ATRX loss was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and was shown to be much less frequent in pGBs (3.5%) than in grade II, III astrocytomas and IV sGBs (31%). Direct sequencing and/or IHC analysis of the IDH1R132H gene mutation and p53 accumulation demonstrated correlation with age. Strong correlations were found between ATRX loss and IDH1R132H mutation, p53 overexpression as well as MGMT hypermethylation. 1p/19q-codeletion detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed mutually exclusive with ATRX loss and p53 accumulation. In addition, patients with p53 overexpression combined with ATRX alterations demonstrated substantially longer survival than patients with wild-type ATRX. Conclusions: There may be interactions among these distinct molecules in astrocytoma development. ATRX loss may predict better clinical outcome in astrocytoma patients with p53 overexpression as compared to patients with wild-type ATRX. Tumors with astrocytoma phenotype accompanied by 1p/19q-codeletion and IDH1R132H mutation are mutually exclusive with ATRX and p53 alterations. Routine IHC can be used for evaluation of ATRX loss, p53 protein accumulation and IDH1R132H mutation, which may allow a means of classification of astrocytoma outcome.
- PublicationOpen AccessImmunohistochemical and radiological characterization of wound healing in porcine liver after radiofrequency ablation(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Stadlbauer, Vanessa; Lang-Olip, Ingrid; Leber, Bettina; Mayrhauser, Ursula; Koestenbauer, Sonja; Tawdrous, Monika; Moche, Michael; Sereinigg, Michael; Seider, Daniel; Iberer, Florian; Wiederstein-Grasser, Iris; Horst Portugaller, Rupert; Stiegler, PhilippBackground: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimal invasive therapeutic option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or liver metastases. We investigated RFA-induced cellular changes in the liver of pigs. Material and Methods: Healthy pigs (n=18) were sacrificed between day 0 and 3 months after RFA. The wound healing process was evaluated by computed tomography (CT), chromotrope anilinblue (CAB) staining of large-scale and standard tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for heat shock protein 70, Caspase-3, Ki67, Reelin, Vinculin, Vimentin and αSMA was perfomed. Results: One day after RFA, CAB staining showed cell damage and massive hyperaemia. All IHC markers were predominantly expressed at the outer borders of the lesion, except Reelin, which was mainly detected in untreated liver regions. By staining for Hsp70, the heat stress during RFA was monitored, which was most distinct 1-2 days after RFA. CT revealed decreased lesion size after one week. Development of a Vimentin and α-SMA positive fibrotic capsule was observed. Conclusion: In the early phase signs of cell damage, apoptosis and proliferation are dominant. Reduced expression of Reelin suggests a minor role of hepatic stellate cells in the RFA zone. After one week myofibroblasts become prominent and contribute to the development of the fibrotic capsule. This elucidates the pathophysiology of RFA and could contribute to the future optimization of RFA procedures.
- PublicationOpen AccessSOX10 and Olig2 as negative markers for the diagnosis of ependymomas: An immunohistochemical study of 98 glial tumors(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Švajdler, Marián; Rychlý, Boris; Mezencev, Roman; Fröhlichová, Lucia; Bednárová, Antónia; Pataky, František; Daum, OndřejSOX10 belongs to the family of transcription factors essential for the development of neural crest, peripheral nervous system and melanocytes. It is presently used in histopathology as a marker of melanocytic differentiation. SOX10 is expressed in normal brain tissue in oligodendrocytes, but the information about SOX10 expression in primary tumors of the central nervous system is quite limited. In this study, we examined the expression of SOX10 and Olig2 by immunohistochemistry in a series of 98 glial tumors and explored their specificity and sensitivity for differential diagnosis of ependymal vs non-ependymal tumors. In addition, we examined the expression of EMA and CD99 in ependymal tumors. SOX10 and Olig2 staining were scored as negative if no positive cells or only a few positive cells (typically up to 1-3%) were found. In all other instances, SOX10 or Olig2 staining was scored as positive. Out of 44 examined ependymal tumors none was found to express SOX10 and 7 specimens showed only a few SOX10-positive cells that likely corresponded to entrapped nonneoplastic oligodendrocytes. In contrast, non-ependymal tumors expressed SOX10 in 26/54 (48%) specimens. Olig2 was positive in 5 out of 44 ependymomas (11%) and 50 out of 54 (93%) non-ependymal tumors (astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas). EMA and CD99 expression was found in 33/44 (75%) and 11/44 (25%) of ependymomas, respectively. SOX10-positivity rules out the diagnosis of ependymoma among other glial tumors with high confidence.
- PublicationOpen AccessHeparanase and heparanase 2 display differently deregulation in neuroendocrine tumors, depending on their differentiation grade(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) García, Beatriz; García-Suárez, Olivia; Fernández-Vega, Iván; Vallina, Aitana; Astudillo, Aurora; Quirós, Luis M.Heparanase is a glucuronidase that appears upregulated in many human cancers and is involved in cellular invasion and tumor metastasis. Heparanase 2 is a homologue of heparanase that lacks enzymatic activity and displays anti-metastatic features. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of both molecules in neuroendocrine tumors. We investigated the transcription of heparanases in lung neuroendocrine tumors well- and poorly differentiated using RT-PCR, and the expresion of the proteins by means of immunohistochemistry. The tumors were selected according to different malignancy WHO 2013 grades and were arranged in tissue arrays. The prometastatic enzyme heparanase appeared overexpressed in well- but not in poorly differentiated tumors, irrespective of their location. Moreover, the anti-metastatic heparanase 2 increased its expression in well-differentiated tumors, but strongly decreased in poorly differentiated ones, again independently of anatomic origin. Given the involvement of both molecules in tumor progression, through both their catalytic and non-enzymatic properties, there would seem to be a relationship between the regulation of their expression and the features of the neuroendocrine tumor.
- PublicationOpen AccessEstrogen-deficient osteoporosis enhances the recruitment and activity of osteoclasts by breast cancer cells(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Salamanna, Francesca; Pagani, Stefania; Maglio, Melania; Borsari, Veronica; Giavaresi, Gianluca; Martelli, Alberto M.; Buontempo, Francesca; Fini, MilenaTo reduce the burden of bone metastases, the pathophysiology of the metastatic niche should be elucidated and targeted. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of tumor cells on osteoclast (OC) recruitment and activity in the presence of altered bone remodelling. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from healthy and ovariectomized (OVX) rats and co-cultured with MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells or with their conditioned medium for 1 and 2 weeks. Alamar Blue viability test, synthesis of cathepsin K, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-9, FITC-conjugate phalloidin staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were evaluated. The results indicate that breast carcinoma cells induced different responses in PBMC derived from rats affected by estrogen deficiency osteoporosis (OP) in comparison with healthy ones, with a significant increase in proliferation rate, OC differentiation, synthesis of TNF-α, MMP-7 and MMP-9. The data support the “proof of concept” that OP due to estrogen deficiency might offer a receptive site for cancer cells to form bone metastases.
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