Histology and histopathology Vol. 9, nº 3 (1994)
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- PublicationOpen AccessThe selective anticancer activity of the endogenous inhibitor of calcium-activated neutral proteinase. A histological,...(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Logothetou-Rella, H.The cytotoxicity of an endogenous inhibitor of calcium-activated neutral proteinase (CANP-I) was evaluated using various mammalian tumor-derived cell lines and human cell cultures. The inhibitor was selectively cytotoxic to human tumor cells from lung, bladder, melanoma and chronic myeloid leukemia tissues, in a dose-dependent manner, and was also cytotoxic to Walker rat tumor cells. The inhibitor was not cytotoxic to normal human, urothelial, fallopian tube, liver and resting white blood cells. Cytological examination of the treated malignant cells revealed cells with vacuolated cytoplasm, pyknotic, hyperchromatic nuclei and membranous, granular haematoxylinophilic extracellular matrix. The use of the inhibitor on urothelial tumor tissues caused great exfoliation of necrotic cells while not affecting normal urothelial tissues. When the inhibitor was tested on mixed cell cultures, consisting of normal and malignant cell clones, a selective cytotoxicity to the malignant cells occurred allowing the normal cells to grow unaffected. Cytogenetic and cytological examination of the remaining cells, after the inhibitor treatment, showed normal diploid karyotype and morphology. The inhibitor was also tested in vivo on Wistar rats bearing Walker tumors. Treatment with 50 Units1100 g i.p. daily for 5 days caused 90% tumor regression and necrosis of metastatic foci in the liver and abdomen, without toxic side effects. The protease inhibitors trypsin-chymotrypsin, aprotinin, leupeptin and E64 were also tested in vitro and showed no anticancer activity. In conclusion, the endogenous inhibitor of CANP selectively killed malignant cells of different chromosomal abnormalities, tissue and species origin; also nuclear vlimata and chemoresistant cells. These results are discussed in the context of a model for the action of the endogenous inhibitor of CANP, extracellular matrix and nuclear Offprint requests to: Dr. Helen Logothetou-Rella, Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens. P.O. Box 601 14, GR-153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece vlimata.
- PublicationOpen AccessNeuroblastoma. A study of the clinicopathological features influencing prognosis based on the analysis of 54 cases(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Valera-Durán, J.; Böhm, N.; Díaz-Flores, Lucio; Ramon y Cajal-Junquera, S.; Toro Rojas, M.; Valera-Nuñez, R.The retrospective analysis of 54 cases of neuroblastoma taken from the files of the Department of Pathology, University of Santiago Hospital, Spain, and the Ludwig-Aschoff Institute of Pathology, University of Freiburg, Germany confirmed the validity and significance of various clinical and histopathological features when trying to establish the prognosis and the proper therapeutic approach in a given case of neuroblastoma. When the age of the patients was compared to survival it was shown that all but three of the patients older than 2 years of age had died from tumor within ten months. In contrast, there was a 37.5% five-year survival rate among patients who were 24 months of age or younger at the time of diagnosis and treatment. The primary tulnor was located in the adrenal gland in 27 cases (50%), in 9 cases (17%) the tumor was retroperitoneal but extra-adrenal, and in the remaining 18 patients (33%) the tumor arose from the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. Adrenal primaries behaved in an extremely aggresive manner as all but three patients with tilmors at this location were dead within 18 months. Retroperitoneal extra-adrenal neuroblastomas followed an almost equally poor outcome with only one five-year survivor ( 1 1 %). In contrast, 49% of the patients with paravertebral neuroblastoma had survived five years and a further 33% were alive with shorter follow-up. According to histological criteria, there were 6 grade I turnors, 15 grade I1 and 33 grade 111 tumors in our series. All grade I tumors were clinical stage 1 at diagnosis and all are alive 2 to 3 112 years later. Grade I1 tumors were clinical stage 2, 3 or 4 and showed a 46% five-year survival. With the exception of three patients with paravertebral tumors, all patients with grade 111 neuroblastoma were clinical stage 3 or 4 when initially Offprint requests to: Dr. Juan Varela-Duran, Departamento de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital General de Galicia, C/ Galeras s/n, 15702 Santiago de Cornpostela, Spain seen and all were dead from tumor within ten months, with a five-year survival of 9%. It is concluded that the age at diagnosis, location of the primary tumor and histological differentiation, all of which are interrelated, are the most reliable clinicopathological features affecting prognosis and therapy in neuroblastoma.
- PublicationOpen AccessHigh endothelial venules and cell adhesion molecules in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and related low grade B-cell lymphoma leu kaemia II...(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Csanaky, G.The expression of cell adhesion molecules (LECAM-1, LFA-1, VLA-4, ICAM-1 and CD44) of lymph nodes from B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL; mature: 16 cases, immature: 8), lymphocytic lymphoma (LL; M:5, IM:2) and reactive lymph nodes (10) were investigated in frozen tissue sections. In order to assess the B- and T-cell compartments of the lymph nodes some additional markers CD3, CD20, CD45 RO were used, and for follicular dendritic reticulum cells (FDCs) CD35. The expression of the LECAM-1 molecule was correlated to the expression of activation (CD23, CD25) and proliferation (Ki67) markers. Findings, in accordance with the relevant data of the literature, indicate that B-CLL and LL show and identical adhesion profile to the mantle zone of the germitial centres of reactive lymph nodes; narnely, they were CD44+/LECAM- I+/VLA-4+. The T-zones of the reactive lymph nodes were characterized by an LFA-lf and the follicles by an ICAM-I+ pattern. while in B-CLL and LL cases the LFA-I+ and ICAM- I + were detected without coexpression of these molecules in only a small ii~imber of cases. The ratio and location of CD3+ and LFA-I+ cells was very similar in lyinph nodes from B-CLL and LL, and from this fact may arise the suspicion that LFA-I+ reported in LL cases derive from the sometimes significant T-cell compartment of the diseased lyrnph nodes. The LECAM-I molecule did not show any correlation with the investigated activation/proliferation markers.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe contribution of cavernous body biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of male impotence(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Malovrouvas, D.; Petraki, C.; Constantinidis, E.; Petraki, K.; Antoniadis, G.; Constantinidis, C.; Kranidis, A.This study concerns the results of penile biopsies in 50 patients aged 27 to 80, with secondary impotence removed with a biopty gun or during penile surgery. The biopty gun specimens were equally representative as the open biopsy ones. The cause and the degree of erectile dysfunction were determined by clinical and laboratorial investigation. The histological study of the cavernous bodies in the patients with psychogenic impotence revealed normal erectile tissue. In patients with organic impotence, histological lesions were graded as mild, moderate or severe. The most severe lesions were observed in the erectile tissue and in particular in the smooth muscle of the trabeculae and the helicine arteries, which had been reduced and replaced by connective tissue. Histological lesions were found not only in the arterial but also in the venous leak cases. There was a correlation between their severity and the degree of impotence, although of no statistical significance. The penile biopsy determines the condition (state) of the functional cavernous smooth muscle tissue, the integrity of which is essential for the erectile mechanism as well as for the action of the vasoactive drugs and the results of vascular surgery. Its important role is evident as it contributes not only to the diagnosis of the cause, but also to the choice of treatment of male impotence.
- PublicationOpen AccessPancreatic duct infiltration in the low-dose streptozocin-treated mouse(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Papaccio, G.; Strate, C.; Linn, T.The pancreatic-duct system was observed during the initial stage of type 1 diabetes in C57BLI6J mice rendered diabetic with low doses of streptozocin. Light microscopy revealed that the ducts located in close proximity to islets (islet ducts) were involved in the infiltrating process: inflammatory cells extended from the islets to these ducts. However, ducts that were located far from islets (non-islet ducts) were generally free from infiltration. Immunocytochemistry revealed that both islet ducts and non-islet ducts express MHC class I1 and ICAM-l molecules: this positivity seems to be mainly expressed by elements infiltrating the connective layer or by endothelia of vessels surrounding ducts. Strong ICAM-l positivity demonstrates that adhesiveness is widely represented in early diabetes in this animal model. At the ultrastructural level only a few endocrine elements were observed scattered within the epithelia1 layer and single infiltrating elements were rarely encountered within the connective layer of ducts. The existence of other sites of ccactivation>>o ther than the islets of Langerhans, in this as well as in other animal models of types 1 diabetes, is consistent with the hypothesis of an initially more widespread and less specific process that later undergoes restriction.