Histology and histopathology Vol.25, nº8 (2010)

Ir a Estadísticas

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    Sudan Black B treatment reduces autofluorescence and improves resolution of in situ hybridization specific fluorescent signals of brain sections
    (Murcia: F. Hernández, 2010) Oliveira, V.C.; Carrara, R.C.V.; Simoes, D.L.C.; Saggioro, F.P.; Carlotti, C.G.; Covas, D.T., Jr.; Neder, L.
    Interference by autofluorescence is one of the major concerns of immunofluorescence analysis of in situ hybridization-based diagnostic assays. We present a useful technique that reduces autofluorescent background without affecting the tissue integrity or direct immunofluorescence signals in brain sections. Using six different protocols, such as ammonia/ethanol, Sudan Black B (SBB) in 70% ethanol, photobleaching with UV light and different combinations of them in both formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and frozen human brain tissue sections, we have found that tissue treatment of SBB in a concentration of 0.1% in 70% ethanol is the best approach to reduce/eliminate tissue autofluorescence and background, while preserving the specific fluorescence hybridization signals. This strategy is a feasible, non-time consuming method that provides a reasonable compromise between total reduction of the tissue autofluorescence and maintenance of specific fluorescent labels.
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    New advances on critical implications of tumorand metastasis-initiating cells in cancer progression, treatment resistance and disease recurrence
    (Murcia: F. Hernández, 2010) Mimeault, M.; Batra, Surinder K.
    Accumulating lines of experimental evidence have revealed that the malignant transformation of multipotent tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cells into cancer stem/progenitor cells endowed with a high self-renewal capacity and aberrant multilineage differentiation potential may be at origin of the most types of human aggressive and recurrent cancers. Based on new cancer stem/progenitor cell concepts of carcinogenesis, it is suggested that a small subpopulation of highly tumorigenic and migrating cancer stem/progenitor cells, also designated as cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells, can provide critical roles for primary tumor growth, metastases at distant tissues and organs, treatment resistance and disease relapse. Particularly, cancer initiation and progression to locally invasive and metastatic stages is often associated with a persistent activation of distinct developmental signaling pathways in these immature cells during epithelialmesenchymal transition program. The signaling cascades that are often deregulated in cancer stem/progenitor cells include hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wnt/ß-catenin, NOTCH, polycomb gene product BMI-1 and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Importantly, the results from recent investigations have also indicated that different cancer subtypes may harbor distinct subsets and/or number of cancer-initiating cells during cancer progression as well as before or after therapy initiation and disease recurrence. Therefore, the identification of the molecular transforming events that frequently occur in cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells versus their differentiated progenies is of immense interest to develop new targeting approach for improving current therapies against aggressive, metastatic, recurrent and lethal cancers.
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    Involvement of endogenous prostaglandin E2 in tubular epithelial regeneration through inhibition of apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cisplatin-induced rat renal lesions
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Yamamoto Emi; Izawa, Takeshi; Juniantito, Vetnizah; Kuwamura, Mitsuru; Sugiura, Kikuya; Takeuchi, Tadayoshi
    In the kidney, prostaglandin (PG) E2 is the main PG, playing important roles in maintaining homeostasis or development of pathological settings. Roles of PGE2 in renal lesions remain to be clarified. The expression patterns of PGE2 synthesis enzymes such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2 and microsomal PGE synthase (mPGES)-1, and PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4) were examined in cisplatin-induced rat renal failure. The immunoexpressions for COX-1, mPGES-1 and EP4 receptor were increased exclusively in the affected renal tubules, but those of COX-2 and EP2 receptor were not detected; increased expression of COX-1 was confirmed at mRNA level. Using rat renal epithelial cell line (NRK-52E), the effects of PGE2 on cell proliferation were investigated. The addition of PGE2 or 11-deoxy-PGE1 (EP4 receptor agonist) to NRK-52E increased the cell number, indicating the effects of PGE2 via EP4 receptor. Furthermore, 11- deoxy-PGE1-treated NRK-52E cells underwent the G0/G1 arrest and decreased apoptosis. NRK-52E treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in the presence of 11-deoxy-PGE1 decreased the mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (a marker of myofibroblasts). Collectively, the present study shows that COX-1 plays more important roles than dose COX- 2 in cisplatin-induced rat renal failure; the product, PGE2, may regulate renal epithelial regeneration via EP4 receptor through inhibition of apoptosis and EMT.
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    Immunohistochemical analysis of steroid receptors in ovaries of postmenopausal women - effects of aging and hormone status
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Brodowska, A.; Laszczynska, M.; Starczewski, A.; Brodowski, J.; Masiuk, M.; Domagała, W.
    Current knowledge on immunolocalization and immunoexpression of steroid hormone receptors, especially estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) in normal ovaries in postmenopausal women is not complete. The recognition of localization of these receptors in postmenopausal women is crucial, as many of these women receive estro-progestagene therapy, and its participation in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer should be carefully studied. In our paper we present the results of immunohistochemical studies performed on samples from 100 post-menopausal women (aged: 48 to 60 years) who did not use hormonal therapy. The ovaries were removed during elective operation due to uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis and/or prolapsed uterine. PR, ER-α and AR were detected in the normal ovaries of postmenopausal women in stroma and in ovarian surface epithelium, as well as in its invagination and in epithelial inclusion cysts. The expression of PR and AR did not change, while the expression of ER-α decreased in time from menopause, and it was also detected in patients more than 10 years after menopause. Women older than 60 were not included in the study. The concentration of selected hormones was measured in the serum. The immunohistochemical expression of PR and AR were similar in all examined patients and did not correlate with FSH, LH, T, A, DHEAS concentrations in serum, while immunohistochemical expression of ER-α correlated with FSH, LH, T, A, DHEAS concentrations in serum. The significant correlation of decreasing expression of ER-α in normal ovarian tissue and decreasing concentrations of T, A and DHEAS in serum were found, as well as increasing serum concentrations of FSH and LH.
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    P-cadherin, Vimentin and CK14 for identification of basal-like phenotype in breast carcinomas: an immunohistochemical study
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Sousa, Bárbara; Paredes, Joana; Milanezi, Fernanda; Lopes, Nair; Martins, Diana; Dufloth, Rozany; Vieira, Daniella; Albergaria, André; Veronese, Luiz; Carneiro, Vitor; Carvalho, Silvia; Costa, José Luis; Zeferino, Luiz; Schmitt, Fernando
    Introduction: The most suitable immunohistochemical criterion to identify basal-like breast carcinomas (BLBC), a molecular subgroup of breast cancer associated with poor prognosis, is the triple negative phenotype along with CK5 and/or EGFR immunoreactivity. However, several putative basal markers have been suggested as alternatives to identify BLBC with more accuracy. Experimental Design: The expression of CK5, EGFR, P-cadherin, CK14, Vimentin and p63 were evaluated in 462 invasive breast carcinomas to determine their sensitivity and specificity for BLBC identification. Results: P-cadherin and CK5 showed higher sensitivity values, while EGFR, Vimentin and CK14 were the most specific markers. The combination of CK5 with P-cadherin, Vimentin or CK14 proved to be a reliable option for distinguishing the basal phenotype, compared to the “gold standard” pair CK5/EGFR. Furthermore, P-cadherin was still able to recognize a large number of putative BLBC among the “unclassified” group (ER-/PR-/HER2-/CK5-/EGFR-). Conclusions: P-cadherin, Vimentin and CK14 can recognize BLBC already identified in triple negative/ CK5 and/or EGFR+ tumors, and due to P-cadherin sensitivity for BLBC identification this marker can reliably recruit a large number of breast carcinomas with basal phenotype among immunohistochemistry triple negative/ CK5 and/or EGFR - pool of tumors. Although they need GEP validation, our results can introduce the idea of these markers as additional options in the daily workup of breast pathology laboratories to identify BLBC.