Histology and histopathology Vol.25, nº1 (2010)

Ir a Estadísticas

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    Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase upregulation correlates with tumour differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Emanuelli, Monica; Santarelli, Andrea; Sartini, Davide; Ciavarella, Domenico; Rossi, Valentina; Pozzi, Valentina; Rubini, C.; Lo Muzio, L.
    We investigated expression levels of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme involved in the biotransformation of many drugs and xenobiotic compounds, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Measurements were performed by immunohistochemistry and the relationship between tumour characteristics and NNMT levels in OSCC was studied to evaluate the effectiveness of NNMT as a prognostic marker in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. In conclusion, the present study suggests that NNMT may have potential as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target for OSCC.
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    Glycoconjugates within the oviduct and their functional significance with special reference to marsupials
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Chapman, Jamie A.; Chuah, M.I.; Breed, William G.
    In placental (eutherian) mammals, a number of important events take place within the oviduct including the pre-fertilisation maturation of gametes (including sperm storage), sperm-egg interactions, egg activation and early embryonic development. Many of these events involve interactions of glycoconjugates; both on the surface of the gametes and with the secretions of the oviductal epithelium and these have best been studied in eutherian mammals. In marsupials, however, while the oviduct is known to produce the extracellular egg coat, the mucoid layer, that comes to surround the zona pellucida, its role in the maturation of gametes is only now being elucidated, particularly in the oocyte. This review emphasises what is known of the structure and function of the oviduct and its secretions in marsupials and briefly compares it with data from eutherians. In particular, knowledge of oviductal glycoconjugates in the structure of the post-ovulatory oocyte and its vestments around the time of fertilisation in Australian marsupials is outlined.
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    The amniotic membrane as a source of stem cells
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Insausti, Carmen L.; Blanquer Blanquer, Miguel; Bleda, Patricia; Iniesta, Paqui; Majado Martínez, Mª Juliana; Castellanos Escrig, Gregorio; Moraleda Jiménez, José María
    Cellular therapy has emerged as a new potential tool for curing a wide range of degenerative diseases and tissue necrosis. Embryonic stem cells possess potential for differentiation into a wide range of cell lineages, but the ethical issues associated with establishment of this human cell line have to be resolved prior to any use. The bone marrow (BM) is the usual source of adult stem cells for hematopoietic stem cell transplants and cellular therapy, but the BM harvest is a surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia or sedation, and there seems to be a reduction of the proliferative potential and differentiation capacity of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells in older donors. For these reasons there is an increasing interest in other sources of stem cells from adult and fetal tissues. The amniotic membrane (AM) or amnion is a tissue of particular interest because its cells possess characteristics of stem cells with multipotent differentiation ability, and because of low immunogenicity and easy procurement from the placenta, which is a discarded tissue after parturition, thus avoiding the current controversies associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells. Therefore, amniotic membrane has been proposed as a good candidate to be used in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine.
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    The early endosome, a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Jovic, Marko; Sharma, Mahak; Rahajeng, Juliati; Caplan, Steve
    Endocytosis marks the entry of internalized receptors into the complex network of endocytic trafficking pathways. Endocytic vesicles are rapidly targeted to a distinct membrane-bound endocytic organelle referred to as the early endosome. Despite the existence of numerous internalization routes, early endosomes (EE) serve as a focal point of the endocytic pathway. Sorting events initiated at this compartment determine the subsequent fate of internalized proteins and lipids, destining them either for recycling to the plasma membrane, degradation in lysosomes or delivery to the trans-Golgi network. Sorting of endocytic cargo to the latter compartments is accomplished through the formation of distinct microdomains within early endosomes, through the coordinate recruitment and assembly of the sorting machinery. An elaborate network of interactions between endocytic regulatory proteins ensures synchronized sorting of cargo to microdomains followed by morphological changes at the early endosomal membranes. Consequently, the cargo targeted either for recycling back to the plasma membrane, or for retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi network, localizes to newly-formed tubular membranes. With a high ratio of membrane surface to lumenal volume, these tubules effectively concentrate the recycling cargo, ensuring efficient transport out of the EE. Conversely, receptors sorted for degradation cluster at the flat clathrin lattices involved in invaginations of the limiting membrane, associating with newly formed intralumenal vesicles. In this review we will discuss the characteristics of early endosomes, their role in the regulation of endocytic transport, and their aberrant function in a variety of diseases.
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    The relative effects of severe burn injury and pre- and post-natal protein deprivation on mandibular condyle morphology
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Caixeta de Oliveira, Bruna Cecília; de Oliveira, Flávia; Terra Martini, Dorival; Duarte Prisco, Cleide Rosana; da Silva Riguetti, Marta Maria; Aparecido Liberti, Edson; de Campos Boldrini, Silvia
    The mandible has a mixed embryological origin, and its growth is associated with the secondary cartilage of the condyle process (CP). In this area, growth depends on an array of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence protein metabolism. In the present study, we used an adolescent rat model to evaluate the growth and development of the CP under conditions of pre- and postnatal protein deficiency, combined with or without the stress of severe burn injury (BI). We found that protein deficiency severely undermined the growth of the CP, by altering the thickness of its constituent layers. BI is also capable of affecting CP growth, although the effect is less severe than protein deficiency. Interestingly, the summed effect of protein deficiency and BI on the CP is less severe than protein deficiency alone. A possible explanation is that the increased carbohydrates in a hypoproteic diet stimulate the production of endogenous insulin and protein synthesis, which partially compensates for the loss of lean body mass caused by BI.