Publication: The early endosome, a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads
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Date
2010
Authors
Jovic, Marko ; Sharma, Mahak ; Rahajeng, Juliati ; Caplan, Steve
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Endocytosis marks the entry of internalized
receptors into the complex network of endocytic
trafficking pathways. Endocytic vesicles are rapidly
targeted to a distinct membrane-bound endocytic
organelle referred to as the early endosome. Despite the
existence of numerous internalization routes, early
endosomes (EE) serve as a focal point of the endocytic
pathway. Sorting events initiated at this compartment
determine the subsequent fate of internalized proteins
and lipids, destining them either for recycling to the
plasma membrane, degradation in lysosomes or delivery
to the trans-Golgi network. Sorting of endocytic cargo to
the latter compartments is accomplished through the
formation of distinct microdomains within early
endosomes, through the coordinate recruitment and
assembly of the sorting machinery. An elaborate network
of interactions between endocytic regulatory proteins
ensures synchronized sorting of cargo to microdomains
followed by morphological changes at the early
endosomal membranes. Consequently, the cargo targeted
either for recycling back to the plasma membrane, or for
retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi network, localizes
to newly-formed tubular membranes. With a high ratio
of membrane surface to lumenal volume, these tubules
effectively concentrate the recycling cargo, ensuring
efficient transport out of the EE. Conversely, receptors
sorted for degradation cluster at the flat clathrin lattices
involved in invaginations of the limiting membrane,
associating with newly formed intralumenal vesicles. In
this review we will discuss the characteristics of early
endosomes, their role in the regulation of endocytic
transport, and their aberrant function in a variety of
diseases.
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