Histology and histopathology Vol. 4, nº 2 (1989)
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- PublicationOpen AccessA histopathological and morphometrical study of femur head cartilage in Wistar rats treated with prednisolone(1989) Barrueco, J. L.; Gázquez, A.; Redondo, E.; Roncero, V.; Durán, E.An analysis was made of histopathological developments in femur head cartilage in a group of Wistar rats receiving a daily intra-muscular injection of 2.5 mg prednisolone. This group was divided into four experimental batches, each consisting of 6 rats. Batches were sacrificed at 15,30,60 and 90 days after the start of the experiment. Degeneration of the femur head cartilage was observed from the start of the experiment (15 days), and gave rise to chondrocyte necrosis by 90 days. Structural modifications are shown morphologically and morphometrically.
- PublicationOpen AccessSEM and TEM study of caprine superficial lymph nodes(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Faroon, O. M.; Henry, R. W.; Al-Bagdadi, F.K.The splenic capsule was characteristic, having dense connective tissue. Smooth muscle cells and unmyelinated nerve fibers were observed. Smooth muscle cells were found to be independent of blood vessels in both the capsule and trabeculae. Littoral cells separated the capsule from the subcapsular sinus. Highly branched reticular cells were associated with the sinuses. The cellular components (large and small lymphocytes, plasma and mast cells, and macrophages) of the cortex and medulla were observed and described. No Golgi apparatus was observed in small lymphocytes and two surface types (rough and smooth) were observed on lymphocytes. Russell bodies were not observed in plasma cells. The paracortical postcapillary venule had cuboidal endothelium with microvilli. Two shapes of lymphocytes were seen associated with the endothelium of postcapillary venules.
- PublicationOpen AccessStructural changes in glomeruli and proteinuria in streptozotocin diabetic rats(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Al-Awadi, Farida M.; Al-Adnani, M. S.In streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats, excretion of urinary protein fractions were studied in relation to structural changes in the renal glomeruli, using light and transmission electron microscopy. After six weeks of induced diabetes only 01 and B2 plasma globulins were significantly elevated. The amount of excreted proteins and degree of glomerular changes were not proportional. In the initial stages (1-2 weeks) glomerular structural changes were very mild and were accompanied by significantly elevated proteinuria. This progressed (4-8 weeks) to moderate to prominent structural changes with intermittent proteinuria except for the fractions 01 & B2 which were elevated throughout the duration of the experiment. The amount of proteinuria was not proportional to changes in the plasma protein levels. The following conclusions may be made: 1) The mild early glomerular abnormalities seem to be mainly due to acute metabolic disturbances. 2) An early indication of diabetic nephropathy is provided not only by albuminuria, but may also be an elevated excretion of betaglobulin fractions. 3) Decrease of albuminuria in the later stages of diabetes may be related to the deposition of albumin as a basement membrane - like material in the mesangium.
- PublicationOpen AccessUltrastructural analysis of HNK-1 + cells in human peripheral blood and lymph nodes(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Yuda, Fumiaki; Terashima, Kazuo; Dobashi, Michio; lshikawa, Masakazu; lmai, YutakaHNK-1 positive (HNK-1+) cells in human peripheral blood and lymph nodes were comparatively analysed by means of immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. In peripheral blood, the HNK-1' cells were grouped into large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), small lymphocytes and intermediate forms, al1 of which had many fine cytoplasmic processes. Except for smoothsurfaced lymphocytes, they could not be distinguished from helperlinducer T (OKT41Leu3a) cells and suppresssor/cytotoxic T (OKT81Leu2a) cells. In double staining, HNKlfT3- cells and HNK-1+T3+ cells could not be clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, although the former contained many LGLs. The HNK-1+ cells in the lymph nodes accumulated in the light zones of the germinal centers (GCs). These cells were small to medium-sized lymphocytes with few electron-dense granules and exclusively co-expressed helperlinducer T cell antigens (HNK-1+T4+). Their cytoplasmic projections were interwoven with those of the follicular dendritic cells which trap immune complexes for a long duration. These configurations suggesl that HNK-1+T4+ cells in GCs are engaged in an immunological regulation of germinal center cells. On the other hand. large blastic HNK-1+ cells were scattered outside the GCs and some of them were in the process of mitosis. Furthermore, HNKl+ LGL-like cells with a few large electron-dense granules were rarely seen. These observations indicate that the HNK-1+ cells in the lymph nodes may proliferate outside GCs and differentiate into LGLs with a strong natural killer function.
- PublicationOpen AccessThymoma: A clinico pathological study of 21 cases and assessment of prognostic features(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Menon, R. S.; Umar, M. H.; Geel, A. N. van; Murcia : F. HernándezThis is a retrospective and comprehensive study of 21 cases of thymoma treated during a period of 30 years (1954-1984). The tumors were staged into 3 categories: stage 1 for encapsulated completely resectable tumor, stage 2 for nonresectable intrathoracic tumor and stage 3 for tumor with extrathoracic spread. According to their lymphocytic content tumors were separated into 3 groups: 1) predominantly epithelioid (PE); 2) mixed cellular (MC) and predominantly limphocytic (PL). Incidence of recurrence and survival were correlated with various treatment modalities. The tumor occurred in al1 age groups with highest incidence in the fourth decade. Six cases were asymptomatic. Myasthenia gravis was present only in one case. The most important prognostic factor was the stage of the tumor. Five-year survival was 69% for stage 2 and 0% for stage 3. Al1 12 patients who died with evidence of residual disease had PE tumors. Lymphocytic participation might be indicative of a residual functional competence and appears to confer a more favourable prognosis. This is a tumor of uncertain malignant potential which should be excised or debulked. and staged. Post-operative radiotherapy appears to prevent recurrence and improve the prognosis in stage 2. No therapeutic benefits were seen in the stage 3 cases. The value of chemotherapy is uncertain.