Histology and histopathology Vol.32,nº12 (2017)
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- PublicationOpen AccessBariatric surgery influences β-Cell turnover in non obese rats(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Camacho Ramírez, Alonso; Blandino Rosano, Manuel; Segundo Iglesias, M. Carmen; Lechuga Sancho, Alfonso M.; Aguilar Diosdado, Manuel; Pérez Arana, Gonzalo M.; Prada Oliveira, J. ArturoBackground. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the different bariatric surgeries and pancreatic β-cell turnover. Material and Methods. We used healthy adult male Wistar rats to undergo the different techniques. Three surgical techniques were developed (malabsorptive, Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-Y Gastric Bypass-), together with two control groups (Sham and fasting control). Pancreatic β-cell mass was measured, as well as apoptosis, proliferation and neogenesis related to cellular turnover. Otherwise, we measured the functional issues to elucidate the physiological role that these surgical techniques trigger in the carbohydrate metabolism (e.g. food intake, weight gain, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, and basal glycaemia). Results included the differences in phenotypes of the rat after the surgery. The rats did not show important differences in glycaemic parameters between the surgical groups. The β-cell mass presented modifications related with proliferation processes. A significant increase of β-cell mass in the malabsorptive technique was reported. On the other hand, the peripheral resistance to insulin tended to be reduced in rats which underwent malabsorptive and mixed techniques. Conclusion. This work showed an increase in β-cell mass after the resection of an important portion of small bowel. The Roux-Y Gastric Bypass produced a non-significant increase in β-cell mass. We considered that these implications of surgery over the endocrine pancreas must be one of the mechanisms related to the improvement of type 2 Diabetes mellitus following bariatric surgery.
- PublicationOpen AccessHuman sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction are impaired by 2-arachidonoylglycerol endocannabinoid(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Francou, M.M.; Girela, Jose Luis; de Juan, A.; Ten, J.; Bernabeu Mora, Roberto; De Juan, J.The endocannabinoids are cannabinoids synthesized by mammalian tissues. These compounds are closely related to the regulation of the male reproductive system. However, little is known about the effects produced by 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) on in vitro human sperm functions. This study was undertaken to determine the effects produced by 2AG on fresh human sperm and in the capacitation technique. Semen samples from healthy young men were exposed to different concentrations of 2AG before and during capacitation technique. In this work, we have demonstrated that 2AG induces the spontaneous acrosome reaction and reduces progressive motility in fresh human sperm. During the capacitation technique, sperm becomes more sensitive to low concentrations of 2AG, triggering the acrosome reaction and inhibiting protein phosphorylation. In summary, 2AG affects the in vitro functionality of human sperm by reducing motility, inhibiting capacitation and triggering the acrosome reaction.
- PublicationOpen AccessIncreased annexin A2 and decreased β-catenin in adenomyosis contribute to adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Liu, Li Xue; Wu, Yin Ga; Zheng, JianObjective. To investigate the expression of annexin A2 (ANXA2) and β-catenin in eutopic and ectopic endometrium, and their relationships with adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea. Methods. From December 2013 to June 2014, ectopic endometrium (n=30) and eutopic endometrium (n=30) of adenomyosis were collected as experimental group, and endometrium (n=30) of uterine myoma as control group from the department of gynecology and obstetrics, the affiliated hospital of Inner Mongolia medical university. The expression of ANXA2 and βcatenin was detected by immunohistochemical S-P method, followed by the Pearson correlations for the correlation analysis of ANXA2 and β-catenin with adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea. Meanwhile, the levels of preoperative serum ANXA2 of patients with adenomyosis (n=42) and uterine myoma (n=42) were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA identified a higher expression of ANXA2 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of adenomysis tissues, whereas βcatenin protein was down-regulated. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between ANXA2 expression and dysmenorrhea degree, while there was a negative linear correlation between β-catenin expression and dysmenorrhea degree in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion. These results suggested that increased ANXA2 and less expressed β-catenin were correlated to adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea. It may provide a new idea of diagnosis and treatment to adenomyosisassociated dysmenorrhea.
- PublicationOpen AccessSulfur dioxide: foe or friend for life?(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Wang, Xin Bao; Cui, Hong; Liu, Xiao Hong; Du, Jun BaoSulfur dioxide (SO2) is a toxic gas and air pollutant. The toxic effects of SO2 have been extensively studied. Oxidative damage due to SO2 can occur in multiple organs. Inhaled SO2 can also cause chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and gene mutations in mammals. However, SO2 can also be generated from the sulfur-containing amino acid, Lcysteine. Recent studies have shown that SO2 has a vasorelaxant effect, and ameliorates pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. SO2 can also reduce lung injury and myocardial injury in rats. In addition, SO2 reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, SO2 exerts both detrimental and protective effects in mammals. Is SO2 a foe or friend for life?
- PublicationOpen AccessResveratrol decreases FoXO protein expression through PI3K-Akt-dependent pathway inhibition in H2O2-treated synoviocytes(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2017) Xu, Bin; Wang, Gaoyuan; Zhang, Junqiang; Cao, Wei; Chen, XiaoyuThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- treated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in vitro. We studied the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway inhibition-mediated effects of Res on forkhead box O (FoXO) mRNA expression levels. FLS viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and FLS apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxyribo nucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and flow cytometry. FoXO1, FoXO3 and FoXO4 mRNA expression levels in FLSs were determined by RT-PCR, and p-Akt, Akt, p-FoXO1, FoXO1, p-FoXO3, FoXO3, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression levels were determined by western blotting. Our results showed that low H2O2 concentrations (20 μM) can promote FLS growth and that Res significantly inhibited FLS activity. Moreover, Res significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression in the group treated with Res compared with the group treated with H2O2 and LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Res also decreased FoXO1, FoXO3 and FoXO4 mRNA expression levels and pAkt/Akt, p-FoXO1/FoXO1, p-FoXO3/FoXO3 protein expression levels. Taken together, these findings indicate that Res can induce apoptosis in H2O2-treated FLSs in part by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.