Browsing by Subject "Therapy"

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17
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    Animal models and different therapies for treatment of retinitis pigmentosa
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Agurtzane Rivas, Miren; Vecino, Elena
    Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of retinal degenerative diseases initially affecting the rod photoreceptor. Patients present with night blindness, loss of peripheral vision and finally the loss of central vision, as a consequence of death of cone photoreceptors. RP is a genetic disease, showing inheritance of autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) or X-linked (XL) recessive traits, although some patients have no family history of RP (simplex RP). Many animal models of RP are available and have led to a better understanding of the pathology of the disease, and to the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at curing or slowing down the genetic disorder. In this review, we describe the selected animal models (natural and transgenic) and their phenotypes and genotypes, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the use of each animal. Also, we look at different therapeutic strategies being studied worldwide and report the latest results. Nevertheless, many obstacles will have to be overcome before most of these strategies can be applied to humans.
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    Cancer stem cell as therapeutic target for melanoma treatment
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Alamodi, Abdulhadi A.; Eshaq, Abdulaziz M.; Hassan, Sofie Yasmin; Hmada, Youssef Al; El Jamal, Siraj M.; Fothan, Ahmed M.; Arain, Omair M.; Hassan, Sarah-Lilly; Haikel, Youssef; Megahed, Mosaad; Hassan, Mohamed
    Human malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin tumor that is characterized by its extraordinary heterogeneity, propensity for dissemination to distant organs and resistance to cytotoxic agents. Although chemo- and immune-based therapies have been evaluated in clinical trials, most of these therapeutics do not show significant benefit for patients with advanced disease. Treatment failure in melanoma patients is attributed mainly to the development of tumor heterogeneity resulting from the formation of genetically divergent subpopulations. These subpopulations are composed of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) as a small fraction and non-cancer stem cells that form the majority of the tumor mass. In recent years, CSCs gained more attention and suggested as valuable experimental model system for tumor study. In melanoma, intratumoral heterogeneity, progression and drug resistance result from the unique characteristics of melanoma stem cells (MSCs). These MSCs are characterized by their distinct protein signature and tumor growth-driving pathways, whose activation is mediated by driver mutation-dependent signal. The molecular features of MSCs are either in a causal or consequential relationship to melanoma progression, drug resistance and relapse. Here, we review the current scientific evidence that supports CSC hypothesis and the validity of MSCs-dependent pathways and their key molecules as potential therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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    Datos de investigación Proyecto Estudio de la Biología del Pericito Dependiente de Autofagia Mediada por Chaperonas Como Diana Clave para el Desarrrollo de Terapias en Glioblastoma (PID2023-149111OB-I00)
    (2026-05-19) Salinas Hidalgo, María Dolores; Naranjo Sánchez, Elena; Valdor Alonso, Rut; Martínez González, Isabel María; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultades de la UMU::Facultad de Medicina
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    Empiric therapy with Carbapenem-sparing regimens for bloodstream infections due to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: results from the INCREMENT cohort
    (Oxford University Press, 2017-08-19) Hernández Torres, Alicia; Palacios-Baena, Zaira Raquel; Gutiérrez Gutiérrez, Belén; Calbo, Esther; Almirante, Benito; Viale, Pierluigi; Oliver, Antonio; Pintado, Vicente; Gasch, Oriol; Martínez Martínez, Luis; Pitout, Johann; Akova, Murat; Peña, Carmen; Molina Gil-Bermejo, José; Venditti, Mario; Prim, Nuria; Bou, German; Tacconelli, Evelina; Tumbarello, Mario; Hamprecht, Axel; Giamarellou, Helen; Almela, Manel; Pérez, Federico; Schwaber, Mitchell J.; Bermejo, Joaquín; Lowman, Warren; Hsueh, Po-Ren; Paño-Pardo, José Ramón; Torre-Cisneros, Julián; Souli, Maria; Bonomo, Robert A.; Carmeli, Yehuda; Paterson, David L.; Pascual, Álvaro; Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI); European Study Group of Bloodstream Infections and Sepsis (ESGBIS); INCREMENT Group; Medicina
    Background There is little information about the efficacy of active alternative drugs to carbapenems except β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors for the treatment of bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of patients with BSI due to ESBL-E who received empiric therapy with such drugs (other active drugs [OADs]) or carbapenems. Methods A multinational retrospective cohort study of patients with BSI due to ESBL-E who received empiric treatment with OADs or carbapenems was performed. Cox regression including a propensity score for receiving OADs was performed to analyze 30-day all-cause mortality as main outcome. Clinical failure and length of stay were also analyzed. Results Overall, 335 patients were included; 249 received empiric carbapenems and 86 OADs. The most frequent OADs were aminoglycosides (43 patients) and fluoroquinolones (20 patients). Empiric therapy with OADs was not associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], .38–1.48) in the Cox regression analysis. Propensity score–matched pairs, subgroups, and sensitivity analyses did not show different trends; specifically, the adjusted HR for aminoglycosides was 1.05 (95% CI, .51–2.16). OADs were neither associated with 14-day clinical failure (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, .29–1.36) nor length of hospital stay. Conclusions We were unable to show that empiric treatment with OAD was associated with a worse outcome compared with carbapenems. This information allows more options to be considered for empiric therapy, at least for some patients, depending on local susceptibility patterns of ESBL-E.
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    El estudio de la polarización política como terapia académica
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Pérez Zafrilla, Pedro Jesús
    Los estudios sobre polarización política revelan que la polarización es mayor entre las personas con mayor nivel de estudios, mientras que las personas con menos estudios son más tolerantes. Estos resultados perturbadores me llevan a realizar en este trabajo una terapia académica sobre dos ideas centrales en la reflexión académica: la idea de la educación como forjadora de una ciudadanía crítica y tolerante, así como la idea del sujeto racional y autoconsciente. Finalmente, aplicaré la terapia académica también sobre las metodologías de trabajo en la Universidad. Esta terapia académica contribuirá a fomentar la tolerancia en la academia.
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    Estudios sobre adherencia al tratamiento de la malaria
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2013) Almeida Oliveira Reiners, Annelita; Bianchi Bilo, Bruna; de Souza Azevedo, Rosemeiry Capriata; Fernandes Fontes, Cor Jesús; Ferreira, Rita Graziella; Guimarães de Souza, Taísa
    Objetivo: Estudio de revision que analizó la investigación sobre la adherencia al tratamiento de la malaria producida entre 2000-2011. Métodos: 27 artículos se obtuvieron a partir de la busca en varias bases de datos, utilizando la combinación de diversos descriptores relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento y a la malaria. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios se realizó en África y América Latina y el tipo más investigado de la malaria fue Plasmodium falciparum. Los esquemas terapéuticos más comúnmente utilizados en la investigación fueron la cloroquina y primaquina, y artemeter-lumefantrina y combinaciones de la sulfadoxina-pirimetamina con otras drogas. Los niños fueron las personas más estudiadas. Se emplearon varios métodos para medir la adherencia. Hubo variabilidad en las tasas de prevalencia de adherencia/no adherencia. Pocos estudios han buscado conocer los factores que contribuyen a la adherencia/ no adherencia al tratamiento de medicamentos antipalúdicos. Conclusión: Existen lagunas a ser completadas con la realización de investigaciones para verificar la prevalencia de la adherencia al tratamiento de la malaria en los países latino-americanos.
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    Heat shock proteins in cancer stem cell maintenance: a potential therapeutic target?
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Lettini, Giacomo; Lepore, Silvia; Crispo, Fabiana; Sisinni, Lorenza; Esposito, Franca; Landriscina, Matteo
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    Histopathological changes induced by therapies in the benign prostate and prostate adenocarcinoma
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Petraki, C.; Sfikas, C.P.
    The effect of androgen deprivation and other hormonal therapies, radiation therapy, thermal ablation therapies, chemotherapy, and other systemic treatments is evident in the histology of non-neoplastic and neoplastic human prostate gland. Androgen deprivation may be achieved with: a. orchidectomy, b. exogenous oestrogen administration, c. drugs with the capacity to deplete the hypothalamus of luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone, d. antiandrogens administration: drugs, which block the conversion of testosterone to its active form of 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone (i.e. finasteride, dutasteride), and drugs which block the androgen receptor on individual cells (i.e. flutamide). Androgen deprivation therapies cause atrophy of nonneoplastic and neoplastic prostatic epithelium, as the result of apoptosis, and are mainly used as a palliative measure in metastatic prostate cancer or as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment, in clinically localized prostate cancer. Morphological tumour regression may complicate the recognition and grading of treated carcinomas in radical prostatectomy specimens. Radiation therapy may be applied in the form of external beam, interstitial implantation (brachytherapy), or a combination, as a mainstay or adjuvant (external beam) treatment in localized prostate cancer. The primary effect is the damage of endothelial cells, which cause ischemia that leads to atrophy. The difficulty of post-radiation prostate needle biopsy interpretation includes the distinction of treatment effect in normal prostatic tissue from recurrent or residual tumour. Histological changes after thermal ablation mainly include lesions observed in prostatic infarcts due to periurethral coagulative type necrosis of variable volume. The correlation between the histopathological effects of the above therapies and their clinical significance is not absolutely clear.
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    Immunohisto(cyto)chemistry: an old time classic tool driving modern oncological therapies
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Cooks, Tomer; Theodorou, Sofia D.P.; Paparouna, Eleni; Rizou, Sophia V.; Myrianthopoulos, Vassilios; Gorgoulis, Vassilis G.; Pateras, Ioannis S.
    In the era of precision medicine immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) share some of the highlights in personalized treatment. Survival data obtained from clinical trials shape the cut-offs and IHC scoring that serve as recommendations for patient selection both for targeted and conventional therapies. Assessment of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors along with HER2 status has been among the first approved immunostaining assays revolutionizing breast cancer treatment. Similarly, ALK positivity predicts the efficacy of ALK inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent years, Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) IHC assays have been approved as companion or complimentary diagnostic tools predicting the response to checkpoint inhibitors. Anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have inaugurated a new period in the treatment of advanced cancers, but the path to approval of these biomarkers is filled with immunohistochemical challenges. The latter brings to the fore the significance of molecular pathology as a hub between basic and clinical research. Besides, novel markers are translated into routine practice, suggesting that we are at the beginning of a new exciting period. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in cellular homeostasis unfolds biomarkers with greater specificity and sensitivity. The introduction of GL13 (SenTraGor®) for the detection of senescent cells in archival material, the implementation of key players of stress response pathways and the development of compounds detecting common mutant P53 isoforms in dictating oncological treatments are paradigms for precision oncology.
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    NAD+ precursors and intestinal inflammation: therapeutic insights involving gut microbiota
    (MDPI, 2023-06-30) Niño-Narvión, Julia; Rojo-López, Marina Idalia; Martinez-Santos, Patricia; Rossell, Joana; Ruiz Alcaraz, Antonio José; Alonso, Núria; Ramos-Molina, Bruno; Mauricio, Didac; Julve, Josep; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de Biología
    The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical metabolite for living cells. NAD+ may act either as a cofactor for many cellular reactions as well as a coenzyme for different NAD+-consuming enzymes involved in the physiological homeostasis of different organs and systems. In mammals, NAD+ is synthesized from either tryptophan or other vitamin B3 intermediates that act as NAD+ precursors. Recent research suggests that NAD+ precursors play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier. Indeed, its deficiency has been associated with enhanced gut inflammation and leakage, and dysbiosis. Conversely, NAD+-increasing therapies may confer protection against intestinal inflammation in experimental conditions and human patients, with accumulating evidence indicating that such favorable effects could be, at least in part, mediated by concomitant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, the mechanisms by which NAD+-based treatments affect the microbiota are still poorly understood. In this context, we have focused specifically on the impact of NAD+ deficiency on intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in animal and human models. We have further explored the relationship between NAD+ and improved host intestinal metabolism and immunity and the composition of microbiota in vivo. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to provide a new perspective on the effect of NAD+-increasing strategies on host intestinal physiology.
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    Nuclear reprogramming and adult stem cell potential
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2005) Corti, S.; Locatelli, F.; Papadimitriou, D.; Strazzer, S.; Bonato, S.; Comi, G.P.
    Cell-based therapy may represent a new strategy to treat a vast array of clinical disorders including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent observations indicate that adult somatic stem cells have the capacity to contribute to the regeneration of different tissues, suggesting that differentiative restrictions are not completely irreversible and can be reprogrammed. Cell fusion might account for some changed phenotype of adult cells but it seems to be biologically irrelevant for its extreme rarity. Other experimental evidences are compatible with the hypothesis of wide multipotency of well-defined stem cell populations, but also with transdifferentiation and/or dedifferentiation. Further studies on nuclear reprogramming mechanisms are necessary to fulfil the promise for developing autologous cellular therapies.
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    Potential therapeutic effect of SO2 on fibrosis.
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2019) Wang, Xin Bao; Cui, Hong; Du, Jun Bao
    Fibrosis is a pathological feature of most chronic diseases and leads to the dysfunction of various organs. However, there is currently no effective method for treating fibrosis. In recent years, a small gas, sulfur dioxide (SO2), which can be generated endogenously in mammals, has been found to have vasorelaxation activity, improve cardiac function and decrease myocardial injury. Endogenous SO 2 also mediates the process of fibrosis. Inhibition of endogenous SO 2 can aggravate small pulmonary artery remodeling and abnormal collagen accumulation. SO 2 treatment significantly improves pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial remodeling. Overexpression of the key enzymes associated with endogenous SO 2 generation, aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) 1 and AAT2, mimics the effect of SO 2 on the down-regulation of collagen synthesis, while AAT1 or AAT2 knockdown aggravates abnormal collagen accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). SO 2 also improves myocardial fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction or diabetes in rats, and inhibits myocardial fibroblast proliferation and migration by the extracellular signal- regulated protein kinase pathway. The mechanisms underlying the inhibition of fibrosis by SO 2 are related to its antioxidant effect, anti-inflammation effect, improvement in cardiac function, and cell proliferation inhibition. Therefore, SO 2 has a potential therapeutic effect on fibrosis.
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    Risa y aprendizaje: el papel del humor en la labor docente
    (Universidad de Zaragoza, Asociación Universitaria de Formación del Profesorado (AUFOP), 2009) Jáuregui Narváez, Eduardo; Fernández Solís, Jesús Damián
    Numerosas corrientes pedagógicas en las últimas décadas han fomentado el humor, la diversión y la risa en la labor docente, citando numerosos beneficios: establecer una mejor relación con los estudiantes, reducir el estrés y la ansiedad, gestionar el conflicto, proporcionar una recompensa emocional que motive la participación y el estudio, y comunicar la materia más eficazmente, estimulando la atención, la creatividad y la memoria. En este artículo se evalúa la justificación teórica y empírica de este modelo más “lúdico” del aprendizaje, y se matizan algunas de las ideas que suelen proponerse en este sentido.
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    Roles of microRNAs as non-invasive biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Wan, Timothy Ming-Hun; Iyer, Deepak Narayanan; Ng, Lui
    MicroRNAs are endogenous, short non- coding RNA molecules that function as critical regulators of various biological processes. There is a strong functional evidence linking the involvement of dysregulated miRNAs to the occurrence, development and progression of colorectal cancer. Studies indicate that while overexpression of oncomiRs, and repression of tumor suppressor miRNAs tends to drive the overall tumorigenic process, the global picture of aberrant miRNA expression in colorectal cancer can classify the disease into multiple molecular phenotypes. Moreover, the expression pattern of miRNAs in colorectal cancer makes them viable disease determinants as well as potential therapeutic targets. Through this review, we will summarize the importance of miRNAs in the etiology and progression of colorectal cancer. Specifically, we will explore the key role played by these RNA molecules as likely therapeutic avenues and the strategies presently available to target them. Finally, we will investigate the role of miRNAs as potential non- invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer.
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    Roles of microRNAs as non-invasive biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Wan, Timothy Ming-Hun; Iyer, Deepak Narayanan; Ng, Lui
    MicroRNAs are endogenous, short non- coding RNA molecules that function as critical regulators of various biological processes. There is a strong functional evidence linking the involvement of dysregulated miRNAs to the occurrence, development and progression of colorectal cancer. Studies indicate that while overexpression of oncomiRs, and repression of tumor suppressor miRNAs tends to drive the overall tumorigenic process, the global picture of aberrant miRNA expression in colorectal cancer can classify the disease into multiple molecular phenotypes. Moreover, the expression pattern of miRNAs in colorectal cancer makes them viable disease determinants as well as potential therapeutic targets. Through this review, we will summarize the importance of miRNAs in the etiology and progression of colorectal cancer. Specifically, we will explore the key role played by these RNA molecules as likely therapeutic avenues and the strategies presently available to target them. Finally, we will investigate the role of miRNAs as potential non- invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer.
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    Roles of microRNAs during glioma tumorigenesis and progression
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Wang, Shuwei; Yin, Yutong; Liu, Shuang
    Glioma is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor. It has a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Despite continued advances in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the clinical outcomes remain dismal. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the initiation and progression of a multitude of tumors. Until now, the molecular mechanism that is responsible for glioma tumorigenesis and progression remains unclear. Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs play an important role in glioma. In this review, we focus on the current advances in determining the role of miRNAs in regulating tumorigenesis and the progression of glioma. In addition, the relevant roles of miRNAs about
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    El trastorno límite de personalidad: la filosofía dialéctica como base de la interacción enfermero paciente
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2010) Jiménez Barbero, José Antonio; Pérez García, M.; Rivera Rocamora, Concha; Medina Garrido, L.; Munuera García, V.; Sánchez Muñoz, M.
    El trastorno límite de personalidad fue definido ya en el siglo XIX, como límite entre la psicosis y la neurosis. Presenta tres componentes clínicos principales: un inestable sentido del yo, un alto nivel de impulsividad y una elevada inestabilidad afectiva . Debido en parte, a la falta de conocimiento de la dinámica subyacente, el trabajo con pacientes con TLP resulta a menudo difícil para el personal de Enfermería. El presente estudio tiene por objeto proponer orientaciones psicoterapéuticas que favorezcan la interacción en el cuidado de pacientes con este trastorno. Para este fin se lleva a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las principales basos de datos de Enfermería y del resto de ciencias de la salud (Cochrane, Tripdatabase, Medline, CINAHL y CUIDEN), empleando los descriptores Mesh: “Borderline personality disorder” AND “therapy” y“Borderline personality” AND “nursing cares”, indexados a partir del 01/01/2000, seleccionando finalmente un total de 17 estudios por su relevancia y relación con el tema. Atendiendo a los resultados obtenidos, proponemos el empleo de la filosofía dialéctica, base de la terapia dialéctico-comportamental desarrollada por Marsha Linehan, como herramienta que va a conducir a una mejor relación enfermero-paciente, una mayor adherencia al tratamiento y una mayor eficiencia en la gestión de tiempo y recursos.