Browsing by Subject "Sarcoma"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    A review of neoplasms with MITF/MiT family translocations
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2022) Wei, Shuanzeng; Testa, Joseph R.; Argani, Pedram
    Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF/MiT) family is a group of basic helix-loophelix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factors including TFE3 (TFEA), TFEB, TFEC and MITF. The first described neoplasms involving MITF family translocation were renal cell carcinomas with chromosome translocations involving ASPLTFE3/t(X;17)(p11.23;q25) or MALAT1-TFEB/t(6;11) (p21.1;q12), and now it is known as MiT family translocation RCC in 2016 WHO classification. Translocations involving MITF family genes also are found in other tumor types, such as perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa), alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT), and clear cell tumor with melanocytic differentiation and ACTINMITF translocation. In this review, we summarize the features of different types of neoplasms with MITF family translocations.
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    Advances in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma characterization and disease model development
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) O’ Brien, Dennis; Jacob, Aishwarya G.; Qualman, Stephen J.; Chandler, Dawn S.
    Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a form of soft tissue sarcoma, is one of the most common pediatric malignancies. A complex disease with at least three different subtypes, it is characterized by perturbations in a number of signaling pathways and genetic abnormalities. Extensive clinical studies have helped classify these tumors into high and low risk groups to facilitate different treatment regimens. Research into the etiology of the disease has helped uncover numerous potential therapeutic intervention points which can be tested on various animal models of RMS; both genetically modified models and tumor Xenograft models. Taken together, there has been a marked increase in the survival rate of RMS patients but the highly invasive, metastatic forms of the disease continue to baffle researchers. This review aims to highlight and summarize some of the most important developments in characterization and in vivo model generation for RMS research, in the last few decades.
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    Altered expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor in high-risk soft tissue sarcomas
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Benassi, M.S.; Ponticelli, F.; Azzoni, E.; Gamberi, G.; Pazzaglia, L.; Chiechi, A.; Conti, A.; Spessotto, P.; Scapolan, M.; Pignotti, E.; Bacchini, P.; Picci, P.
    In recent years, classification of soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) has improved with cytogenetic analyses, but their clinical behavior is still not easily predictable. The aim of this study was to detect alterations in the urokinase-type plasminogen system, involved in tumor growth and invasion, by comparing mRNA levels of its components with those of paired normal tissues, and relating them with patient clinical course. Real-time PCR was performed on human STS cell lines and tissues from highly malignant STS, including leiomyosarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytomas, to evaluate the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Immunohistochemistry of gene products was also performed. Median mRNA values of all genes studied were higher in tumors than in paired normal tissues. In agreement with data on STS cell lines, significant upregulation for uPA and PAI-1 genes compared to reference values was seen. Moreover, different levels of expression were related to histotype and metastatic phenotype. There was accordance between uPA mRNA and protein expression, while immunodetection of PAI-1 product was weak and scattered. In recent years, classification of soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) has improved with cytogenetic analyses, but their clinical behavior is still not easily predictable. The aim of this study was to detect alterations in the urokinase-type plasminogen system, involved in tumor growth and invasion, by comparing mRNA levels of its components with those of paired normal tissues, and relating them with patient clinical course. Real-time PCR was performed on human STS cell lines and tissues from highly malignant STS, including leiomyosarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytomas, to evaluate the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Immunohistochemistry of gene products was also performed. Median mRNA values of all genes studied were higher in tumors than in paired normal tissues. In agreement with data on STS cell lines, significant upregulation for uPA and PAI-1 genes compared to reference values was seen. Moreover, different levels of expression were related to histotype and metastatic phenotype. There was accordance between uPA mRNA and protein expression, while immunodetection of PAI-1 product was weak and scattered.
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    Altered patterns of RB expression define groups of soft tissue sarcoma patients with distinct biological and clinical behavior
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Polsky, D.; Mastorides, S.; Kim, D.; Dudas, M.; Leon, L.; Leung, D.; Woodruff, J.M.; Brennan, M.F.; Osman, I.; Cordon-Cardo, C.
    Background: Function of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) may be compromised at a genetic level by gene loss or mutation or at a posttranslational level by hyperphosphorylation. In this study, we examined adult soft tissue sarcomas (ASTS) to determine if alterations of pRB were associated with distinct patterns of pRB expression and clinical outcome. Design: We investigated 86 ASTS patients using monoclonal antibodies that distinguish between hyperphosphorylated and underphosphorylated pRB products. We also used microsatellite analysis to investigate the genetic status of the RB locus. We correlated pRB alterations with proliferative activity, and with clinicopathological outcomes. Results: Altered patterns of pRB expression are common in ASTS occurring in 84% of cases, and it is significantly associated with proliferative activity (p<0.001). Patients whose tumors either lack expression of pRB, or express hyperphosphorylated forms of pRB, have poor survivals compared to patients whose tumors exhibit a normal, underphosphorylated pattern of pRB expression (p=0.03). In addition, 63% of cases lacking expression of pRB showed loss-of-heterozygosity at the locus Conclusions: Inactivation of pRB is common in adult STS, which may be due to either gene loss or posttranslational modification, namely hyperphosphorylation. Both mechanisms are associated with tumor cell proliferation and poor survival.
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    Primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma: A case report and review of the literature
    (Murcia: F. Hernández, 2007) Ye, M-F.; Zheng, S.; Xu, J.H.; Chen, L-R.
    Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the liver remains extremely rare with only several cases having been reported in literature. We report a case of hepatic MFH in a 53-year-old man who presented with upper abdominal pain, and weight loss for one month. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large mass with fine tumor vessels over the left lobe of the liver. Histopathological findings indicated a mesenchymal tumor consisting of spindle cells in storiform pattern intermingled with histiocytelike cells and giant cells. Immunohistochemically, most tumor cells expressed vimentin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, alpha-1 antitrypsin and CD68. Morphological and immunohistochemical findings support that the tumor should be classified as a primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The literatures is briefly reviewed.
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    Prognostic role of XTP1/DEPDC1B and SDP35/DEPDC1A in high grade soft-tissue sarcomas
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2018) Pollino, Serena; Benassi, Maria Serena; Pazzaglia, Laura; Conti, Amalia; Bertani, Nicoletta; Righi, Alberto; Piccinni Leopardi, Martina; Picci, Piero; Perris, Roberto
    Background. The outcome of patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) remains unfavourable and new therapeutic strategies are needed. The aim of this study was to determine the role of RhoGAP, XTP1/DEPDC1B and SDP35/DEPDC1A, as possible prognostic markers, to be used to identify candidate patients for more effective and personalized therapies. Materials-Methods. SDP35/DEPDC1A and XTP1/ DEPDC1B transcriptional levels were evaluated by Real-Time PCR in 86 primary STS and 22 paired lung metastasis. 17 normal tissues were used as control. Protein expression was evaluated by tissue microarray, including 152 paraffin-embedded STS samples and by western blot in 22 lung metastases and paired primary STS. Non-parametric and parametric analysis were used to establish the differences in gene and protein expression and prognostic factors were tested with Kaplan Meier and Cox’s regression analyses. Results. SDP35/DEPDC1A and XTP1/DEPDC1B gene were down-regulated in adjacent normal tissues while sarcoma specimens presented high mRNA levels, significantly related to metastasis-free survival. Gene expression further increased in paired metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemical staining showed a variable expression in intensity and distribution, with a significantly higher probability of metastatic disease in patients up-regulating SDP35/DEPDC1A. Western blotting assessed high levels of proteins in STS specimens and indicated a stronger expression of SDP35/DEPDC1A in metastases when compared to primary tumours. Multivariate analyses highlighted that SDP35/DEPDC1A abundance, grade III and no history of radiation therapy were significant independent risk factors. Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that increased expression of SDP35/DEPDC1A and XPT1/DEPDC1B correlates with metastatic progression and identified SDP35/DEPDC1A as an independent marker for prediction of poor prognosis.
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    Prognostic significance of augmented metallothionein (MT) expression correlated with Ki-67 antigen expression in selected soft tissue sarcomas
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2005) Dziegiel, Piotr; Salwa-Zurawska, W.; Zurawski, J.; Wojnar, A.; Zabel, M.
    In soft tissue sarcomas, the most important prognostic criteria include extent of malignancy (G), size of the tumour and intensity of Ki-67 antigen expression. In recent times expression of metallothionein (MT) in cells of some malignant processes of epithelial origin was found to correlate with intensity of Ki-67 antigen expression and to carry a possible prognostic significance. The present study aimed at a demonstration of prognostic value of MT expression and at comparing it with Ki-67 antigen expression and G grade in selected soft tissue sarcomas. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections in 54 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), 18 cases of liposarcoma and 20 cases of synovial sarcoma. The extent of MT and Ki-67 antigen expression was evaluated and an attempt was made to correlate the results with each other and with grade of the tumour. Expression of MT was evident both in the cytoplasm and in cell nuclei of all studied sarcomas. The most pronounced MT expression was noted in MFH-type tumours. The extent of Ki-67 antigen expression was similar in MFH and liposarcoma and was the lowest in synovial sarcoma. In MFH, liposarcoma and synovial sarcoma a pronounced positive correlation was documented between expression of MT and Ki-67 antigen (r=0.85; p<0.001; r=0.93, p<0.0001; r=0.79, p<0.0001). In all types of the tumours a positive relation was detected between MT expression, expression of Ki- 67 and G grade of malignancy in the tumour. Moreover, patients with higher MT expression in the studied tumours demonstrated a shorter survival. MT expression in soft tissue tumours of MFH, liposarcoma and synovial sarcoma type strongly correlated with intensity of proliferation (Ki-67) and G grade and could be useful in defining the extent of malignancy and in prognostic appraisal in the tumours.
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    Sarcomatoid acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Kuroda, Naoto; Tamura, Masato; Taguchi, Takahiro; Tominaga, Akira; Hes, Ondrej; Michal, Michal; Ohara, Masahiko; Hirouchi, Takashi; Mizuno, Keiko; Hayashi, Yoshihiro; Shuin, Taro; Lee, Gang-Hong
    In this article, we report a rare case of hitherto undescribed acquired cystic disease (ACD)- associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sarcomatoid change. A 78-year-old woman had been receiving hemodialysis for fourteen years at the time when a renal tumor was encountered on the follow-up examination of the kidney. Microscopically, oncocytic cuboidal cells proliferated with tubular, cribriform or papillary growth patterns, and atypical columnar cells with abundant cytoplasm proliferated with papillary configuration. Oxalate crystal deposition was observed in the stroma and the tumor focally resembled translocation type (TFE3) RCC. Sarcomatous neoplastic cells were also seen. The cytoplasm of oncocytic and sarcomatous neoplastic cells was diffusely positive for antimitochondrial antibody and the ultrastructural examination detected many mitochondria in the cytoplasm of oncocytic carcinoma cells and sarcomatous neoplastic cells. The loss of chromosomes 1p, 2q11-22, 9 and 14 was observed using comparative genomic hybridization analysis. We thus report here a case of hitherto undescribed ACD-associated RCC intermingled with oncocytic cells, translocation type RCC-like area and sarcomatoid change. This is the sixth case of sarcomatoid RCC arising in end-stage kidney disease.