Browsing by Subject "Esophagus"
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- PublicationOpen AccessA diagnostic pitfall; small cell carcinoma-like features in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2023) Ishida, Hirotaka; Kasajima, Atsuko; Yamauchi, Takuro; Akaishi, Ryujiro; Ueki, Shunsuke; Taniyama, Yusuke; Fujishima, Fumiyoshi; Koike, Tomoyuki; Kamei, Takashi; King-yin Lam, Alfred; Sasano, HironobuEsophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma may resemble small cell carcinoma biopsy specimens and cause difficulties in pathology diagnosis. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathological significance of small cell carcinoma-like morphologies in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty biopsy specimens of esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed and compared with 13 matched surgical specimens. Small cell carcinoma-like features, such as diffuse growth, nuclear molding, or nuclear crush artifact, were identified in 80% (24/30) of the biopsies and in 77% (10/13) of the surgery specimens, but in a proportionally much smaller area in the surgical specimens than in the biopsy samples. The presence of a small cell carcinoma-like feature had no impact on patients´ outcome. Immunohistochemically, synaptophysin and chromogranin A were consistently negative, while CD56 was expressed in 42% (10/24) of basaloid squamous cell carcinomas with small cell carcinoma-like features. p16, a highly sensitive marker for small cell carcinoma, was also expressed in 8% (2/24). p40 was expressed in all cases of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. In conclusion, small cell carcinoma-like features are frequent and conspicuous in biopsies, which are probably caused by exogenous factors such as friction and external pressure that occur in biopsy procedure and in the tumor environment. Small cell carcinoma-like features may lead to a misinterpretation of a true small cell carcinoma, if CD56 is the only neuroendocrine marker expressed. p16 expression may also be detected in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.
- PublicationOpen AccessAlendronate effect in esophagus, stomach and liver: An animal based pathological study(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Papamitsou, Theodora; Sotiriou, Sotiris; Papakoulas, Apostolos; Toskas, Alexandros; Kamperis, Dimitrios; Karachrysafi, Sofia; Dietrich, Eva-Maria; Lialiaris, Stergios; Sioga, AntoniaBisphosphonates are commonly used in clinical practice. Their effectiveness is indisputable, however their adverse effects, especially in the GI tract, are still controversial. In our report, we demonstrate pathological findings of the effect of systematic alendronate administration in esophagus, stomach and the liver of an in vivo animal model of 15 Wistar rats. Light microscopy with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were used. Microscopic findings of inflammation of the stomach and mild hepatic dysfunction were observed. Conclusively, alendronate can potentially affect gastric mucosa and liver function on this animal experimental model
- PublicationOpen AccessCharacterization of the glycoconjugate sugar residues in developing chick esophageal epithelium(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Gheri, G.; Gheri Bryk, S.; Sgambati, E.; Gulisano, M.The development of the esophagus in the chick embryo is characterized by remarkable morphological changes especially at the level of the epithelium. Using horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins (DBA, PNA, SBA, WGA, ConA, LTA, UEAI) we have studied, at the level of the esophagus of chick embryos from the 8th to the 21st day of incubation and of 1- and 2-day-old chicken, the evolution of the saccharidic moieties of glycoconjugates, which precedes andlor is concomitant with the epithelial morphological transformations. We have found differences in content and cellular distribution of oligosaccharides during the histogenetic processes which characterize the lining and glandular epithelium. Before the appearance of cilia and mucus secretion at the bathyprismatic epithelial cells, the sugar residues D-galactose-(B 133)-N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine, B-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and a-Lfucose were detected only at the luminal cell surface. These oligosaccharides were probably involved in giving rise to the polarization of the esophageal epithelial cells. The esophageal gland mucus was first characterized by the presence of a-L-fucose and afterwards also by the presence of D-galactose-(Bl33)-N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine, D-glucosamine and sialic acid.
- PublicationOpen AccessExpression of CXCL12 in esophageal high grade dysplasia characterized pathologically by lymphocyte accumulation directly under the lesion(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2022) Mochizuki, Kunio; Oishi, Naoki; Odate, Toru; Tahara, Ippei; Inoue, Tomohiro; Kasai, Kazunari; Kondo, TetsuoSquamous dysplasia of the esophagus is an unequivocal neoplastic alteration of the esophageal squamous epithelium without invasion. Esophageal high grade dysplasia (EHGD) is characterized by >50% epithelial involvement or severe cytological atypia. Frequently, lymphocytes accumulate below EHGD lesions even though there is no invasion. If this lymphocytic accumulation is active, a transmitter should exist between the EHGD cells and the lymphocytes. CX-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12, CXCL10 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) are all lymphocyte chemoattractants in vivo, but there are no reports on the relationship between these chemokines and EHGDs. In this study, we investigated these chemokines and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) (receptor for CXCL12) in 30 EHGDs using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For comparison, we enrolled 30 samples of normal esophageal squamous epithelium (NESE). We confirmed CXCL12 expression (H-score≥50 points) in 70% of EHGD and 0% of NESE samples, CXCL10 expression in 3% of EHGD and 3% of NESE samples, CCL18 expression in 3% of EHGD and 0% of NESE samples, and CXCR4 expression in 53% of EHGD and 0% of NESE samples by immunohistochemistry. EHGD and NESE cases were significantly different in their expressions between the tissue types (CXCL12, p<0.001; CXCR4, p<0.001). We examined CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNA expressions of 3 representative EHGD samples, each having their respective immunostained areas detected by RT-PCR. Finding CXCL12 expression may indicate that this chemokine plays a part in the lymphocyte accumulation that occurs directly under EHGDs.
- PublicationOpen Accesslmmunohistochemical analysis for cell proliferation-related protein expression in small cell carcinoma of the esophagus a comparative(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1999) Okudela, K.; Ito, T.; Kameda, Y.; Nakamura, N.; Kitamura, H.Small cell carcinoma is a rare neoplasm in the esophagus. To evaluate cell proliferation activity and its underlying mechanisms in this tumor, we examined immunohistochemically 5 cases of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) for expressions of tumor suppressor proteins, oncoproteins and cell proliferation markers including p53, p21WAF1/C1P1r,e tinoblastoma (Rb) protein, bcl-2, Ki-67 and PCNA, and compared the results with those of 5 cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) and 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SQCE). The prevalence and labeling index of p53-immunoreactivity tended to be higher in SCCE (415; 56.6%) and SCCL (415; 79.9%) than in SQCE (6110; 48.8%). Expression of p21wAFl/C1P1w as observed in 2 of 10 cases of SQCE. In contrast, its expression could not be detected in any cases of SCCE and SCCL examined. Expression of Rb protein was observed in 9 out of 10 cases of SQCE, but not in any cases of SCCE and SCCL. SCCE and SCCL showed more frequent and intense immunoreactivity for bcl-2 than SQCE. In expression of cell proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA), no remarkable difference was observed among SCCE, SCCL and SQCE. These results suggest that SCCE and SCCL could share some genetic alternations including mutation of p53, loss of Rb gene and overexpression of bcl-2, and these may be related to the similar biological potentials between the two. Futhermore, SCCE was different from SQCE in expression of Rb protein and bcl-2, and these two types of esophageal carcinoma could arise through different molecular mechanisms.
- PublicationOpen AccessMast cells or not? - CD117 positive cells in esophageal leiomyoma(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Ye, Ju Xiang; Liu, Yan; Qin, Yun; Ma, Xiao Long; Zhong, Hao Hao; Zhang, Yan; Shi, Xue YingThe presence of CD117 positive cells in esophageal leiomyoma may lead to a misdiagnosis of GIST. We reviewed 46 esophageal tumors which were smooth muscle tumors or GIST. Based on morphology, immunohistochemistry and mutation analysis, there were 44 (95.6%) leiomyomas, 1 (2.2%) leiomyosarcoma, and 1 (2.2%) GIST. Variable numbers of CD117 positive cells were seen in all leiomyomas. Tryptase immunostaining identified mast cells in 93.2% (41/44) of leiomyomas, and the number of mast cells per tumor decreased significantly from tumors of the upper esophagus to the esophageal-gastric junction (p<0.01). Immunofluorescence study further confirmed the presence of two types of CD117 positive spindle cells which included spindle-shaped mast cells and DOG-1- positive interstitial cells of Cajal. This is the first study to systemically review mast cells in esophageal leiomyomas and tumors which may be included in the differential diagnosis. We demonstrate that both spindled mast cells and hyperplastic interstitial cells of Cajal are present within esophageal leiomyomas. The immunoreactivity of these cells with CD117 may suggest a diagnosis of GIST, but the presence of mast cells itself supports a diagnosis of esophageal leiomyoma.
- PublicationOpen AccessStriated-for-smooth muscle replacement in the developing mouse esophagus(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Baguma Nibasheka, Mark; Fracassi, Anna; Costain, Willard J.; Moreno, Sandra; Kablar, BorisThe esophagus is a muscular tube which transports swallowed content from the oral cavity and the pharynx to the stomach. Early in mouse development, an entire layer of the esophagus, the muscularis externa, consists of differentiated smooth muscle cells. Starting shortly after mid-gestation till about two weeks after birth, the muscularis externa almost entirely consists of striated muscle. This proximal-to-distal replacement of smooth muscle by the striated muscle depends on a number of factors. To identify the nature of the hypothetical “proximal” (mainly striated muscle originating) and “distal” (mainly smooth muscle originating) signals that govern the striated-for-smooth muscle replacement, we compared the esophagus of Myf5:MyoD null fetuses completely lacking striated muscle to the normal control using cDNA microarray analysis, followed by a comprehensive database search. Here we provide an insight into the nature of “proximal” and “distal” signals that govern the striated-for-smooth muscle replacement in the esophagus.
- PublicationOpen AccessSubmucosal gland differentiation and implications in esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinomas(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2024) Nie, Ling; Chen, Tingting; Wu, Hongyan; Ni, Muhan; Zhou, Leying; Fan, Xiangshan; Cui, Xiaobin; Sun, QiEsophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a heterogenous entity with multilineage differentiation. It lacks systematical analysis on submucosal gland differentiation (SGD) due to the histological diversity and low incidence of esophageal BSCC. This study aims to find the correlation of SGD and clinicopathological features. A total of 152 esophageal BSCCs were separated into three histological groups: pure, mixed, and borderline group. The clinicopathological features were compared between different groups. The prevalence of SGD was also compared between cases of different groups. A panel of antibodies were used to identify SGD. The pure group differed from the mixed and borderline groups in many aspects, lymph node metastasis (LNM), cancer embolus, perineural invasion, and advanced stage occurred less frequently in the pure group (P<0.01). The pure group had a better but statistically insignificant overall survival (P=0.097). The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) component or focal squamous differentiation was present in metastatic lymph nodes in almost all mixed BSCCs (95.7%, 22/23) with LNM. The LNM rate of superficial (T1b) BSCCs (17.6%, 6/34) was comparable to that of superficial (T1b) SCCs (18.5%, 57/308). However, LNM exclusively occurred in superficial mixed (3/5) and borderline (3/10) BSCCs. The IHC results demonstrated a prevalence of SGD in pure group (77%, 43/56). SGD is considered to be a favorable factor, while the squamous differentiation or invasive SCC component is an adverse factor in esophageal BSCCs. Refinement of classification is a promising way to improve patient management.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe molecular pathology of Barrett's esophagus(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1999) Werner, M.; Mueller, J.; Walch, A.; Hofler, H.The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus is rapidly increasing in the Western world. The histopathological sequence of (Barrett's) metaplasia, which develops as a consequence of chronic reflux, to dysplasia and then to carcinoma is well established for these tumors. In Barrett's esophagus a variety of molecular changes have been characterized and correlated with tumor initiation and progression. Among the early changes in premalignant stages of metaplasia are alterations of the transcripts of FHIT, a presumptive tumor suppressor gene which spans the common fragile site FRA3B. Mutations of p53 seem to accumulate mainly in the transition from low to high grade dysplasia. Inactivation of other tumor suppressor genes by mutation (APC, p16) or hypermethylation (p16) as well as amplification of oncogenes such as cerbB2 are relatively late events in the development of adenocarcinoma. Among the phenotypic changes in Barrett's esophagus are an expansion of the Ki67 proliferation compartment which correlates with the degree of dysplasia. Moreover, accumulation of rabll molecules which are involved in membrane trafficking has been reported to be specific for the loss of polarity seen in low grade dysplasia. Reduced expression of the cadherinlcatenin complex as well as increased expression of various proteases develop chiefly in invasive carcinomas. Despite the progress that has been made in the identification of molecular markers in Barrett's carcinoma, to date the histopathogical diagnosis of high grade dysplasia in endoscopic biopsies remains the best predictor of invasive cancer. Immunohistochemistry applying a panel of antibodies including p53, Mib-l or rabll can be helpful to diagnose regenerative metaplastic epithelium or low and high grade dysplasia.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe overexpression of DBC1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Kim, Seok-Hyung; Kim, Jeong Hoon; Yu, Eun Ji; Lee, Keun-Woo; Park, Cheol-KeunDBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1) is a novel transcriptional coactivator that has been suggested to be a critical regulator of tumorigenesis. Recently, the overexpression of DBC1 in cancer cells has been reported to be strongly related with unfavorable clinical outcome in several cancers, including breast and gastric cancer. Despite the increasing significance of DBC1 in cancer, the expression of DBC1 and its clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been studied. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of DBC1 in ESCC. To this aim, we examined DBC1 expression in a total of 199 (165 ESCC and 34 normal esophageal epithelial) tissues by immunohistochemistry and assessed its prognostic value and correlation with patient survival. In addition, we measured DBC1 expression in three ESCC cell lines (TE1, TE8, and TE10). Also, we induced the loss of DBC1 expression by siRNA transfection and determined its effect on the migratory and invasive ability of cancer cells. DBC1 was expressed in all normal esophageal and ESCC tissues, whereas high expression was more prevalent in ESCC (90/165, 54.5%) than in normal esophageal (1/34, 2.8%) epithelium (P<0.001). Furthermore, DBC1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in both univariate (relative ratio=2.889, P<0.001) and multivariate (relative ratio=2.655, P<0.001) analyses. DBC1 was also upregulated in all three ESCC cell lines, and the loss of DBC1 led to a significant reduction in the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Our study suggests that DBC1 may promote tumor progression, and DBC1 could be a prognostic biomarker in ESCC
- PublicationOpen AccessTumor cell expression of podoplanin correlates with nodal metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Chuang, Wen-Yu; Yeh, Chi-Ju; Wu, Yi-Chin; Chao, Yin-Kai; Liu, Yun-Hen; Tseng, Chen-Kan; Chang, Hsien-Kun; Liu, Hui-Ping; Hsueh, ChuenPodoplanin is a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed in the lymphatic endothelium. It has been suggested to play a role in lymphangiogenesis, since podoplanin deficient mice were found to have dilated malfunctioning lymphatic vessels and lymphedema. High podoplanin expression in tumor cells was found to correlate with lymph node metastasis and poor clinical outcome in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the prognostic significance of podoplanin expression in esophageal SCC remains unexplored. Herein, we studied podoplanin expression in 59 patients who underwent surgical resection of esophageal SCC, with 43 of them preceded by preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). We found that high podoplanin expression strongly correlated with clinical nodal metastasis (cN1; p=0.0063), which was associated with short survival (p=0.012). However, there was no direct association between high podoplanin expression and short survival. We also found that lymphatic vessel invasion in the resected esophagus was strongly associated with pathological nodal metastasis (pN1; p=0.00092). Our results suggest that podoplanin could also play a role in tumor aggressiveness in esophageal SCC, as well as in oral SCC.