Browsing by Subject "Erythrocyte"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Effects of storage duration on some blood parameters of the red-eared slider trachemys scripta elegans
    (2017) Hadžimusić, Nejra; Škapur, Vedad; Hrković-Porobija, Amina; Katica, Nejla
    ABSTRACT The aim of present study was to determine the effect of storage duration and temperature on the red blood cells and white blood cells, as well as packed cell volume in blood samples from healthy adult red-eared slider. Blood samples were collected from six adult red-eared sliders. Blood samples were analyzed immediately after sampling to obtain the baseline value (BV) of red blood cells count, white blood cell count and packed cell volume. Afterwards the blood was stored at 4 ̆C and the exact hematological analyses were performed after 24h, 48h and 72h. Our research on red-eared slider blood samples showed same level of stability for RBC and WBC count during 72 hours of storage at 4°C and for PCV during 48 hours. Handling of blood samples, as well as duration of storage can significantly influence the results of hematological de-terminations. Consequently, results of hematological determinations of improperly stored or handled blood samples can yield misleading results.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Membrane skeletons in avian erythrocytes as revealed by the quick-freezing and deep-etching method
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1997) Terada, N.; Fuji, Y.; Kitano, K.; Ohno, S.
    Ultrastructure of chicken erythrocytes were examined by the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QFDE) method. Some erythrocytes were fixed with paraformaldehyde and prepared with erythrocytesplitting method or saponin treatment to remove soluble proteins before quick-freezing. Others were prepared in the cytosol buffer with the erythrocyte-splitting method to obtain natural state of cytoskeletons. Non-expanding membrane skeletons were highly condensed on the cytoplasmic side of lipid membrane in the paraformaldehyde- fixed specimens. Under unilateral extension of the specimens, long stretched filaments were connected alternately with condensed filamentous or granular structures under erythrocyte membranes. As the membrane skeletons got closer to the marginal bands, they become more dense network structures. Moreover, in the fresh unfixed specimens, dense networks of filaments were localized underlying erythrocyte membranes in a relatively intact state. Fine filaments connected the marginal microtubule bands to the cytoplasmic sides of erythrocyte membranes. The different distribution of each cytoskeletal component and the association of these structures may support the elliptocytic shape of chicken erythrocytes and resist the dynamic circumstance.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    Nonerythroid membrane skeletal proteins in normal and diseased human skin
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1996) Shimizu, T.; Takakuwa, Y.; Koizumi, H.; Ohkawara, A.
    A number of reports have described the presence and localization of membrane skeletal proteins in nonerythroid tissues and cultured cells. Interactions of these proteins, which have been extensively characterized in erythrocytes, may be physiologically important in other cell types. This review focuses on recent developments concerning proteins analogous to erythrocyte spectrin, protein 4.1, adducin and ankyrin in epidermal keratinocytes, and discusses their significance from physiological and pathological stand points. Keratinocyte proteins are involved in a wide variety of functions such as the cell-to-cell and cell-to-substratum adhesion, stratification, and maintenance of the cell shape. In epidermal keratinocytes, these nonerythroid membrane skeletal proteins may play a role in maintaining the polarity of membrane proteins by connecting them to the cytoskeleton, regulating cell-cell interdigitations and stabilizing newly synthesized cell membranes before elaboration of cell-cell interdigitations. Furthermore, altered expression and distribution of these proteins may be important in the pathogenesis of skin disease such as psoriasis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    The phylogenetic odyssey of the erythrocyte. I Hemoglobin: the universal respiratory pigment
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Glomski, Chester A.; Tamburlin, Judith
    Hemoglobin is a molecular entity that is capable of reversibly binding and releasing oxygen in either extra- or intracellular milieus. It is present in scattered invertebrates in physical solution or in cellular sites while in vertebrates it is universally located in circulating erythrocytes. These cells serve as the vehicle for and otherwise foster the optimum utilization hemoglobin. Hernoglobin's variable sphere of respiratory activities can be viewed as reflecting the specific requirements for each organism in which it is observed. Once these concepts have been established and the advantages and limitations of its cytologic packaging recognized, the study of the erythrocyte as expressed in its dimensions, colligative aspects, geometry, internal morphology and pathologic variations can be approached in a purposeful manner.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    The phylogenetic odyssey of the erythrocyte. II. The early or invertebrate prototypes
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Glomski, Chester A.; Tamburlin, Judith
    Freely existing hemoglobin-bearing cells suspended in a plasmic milieu (erythrocytes) are found in a relatively small number of taxanomically scattered invertebrates. These species include some annelids, echiurids, molluscs, phoronids, nemerteans and echinoderms, e.g. Pista pacifica, Urechis caupo, Noetia ponderosa, Phoronis australis, Lineus fuscoviridis and Cucumaria miniata respectively. The typical invertebrate erythrocyte (hemocyte, coelomocyte) can be described as permanently nucleated, considerably larger than the human red cell, oval or circular in configuration and spherical. biconvex or flattened in profile. The marginal band of the erythrocyte, a bundle of subplasmalemmal microtubules that circumscribes the periphery of the cell and lies in the plane parallel to its flat surface makes its first appearance in certain invertebrates. This structure in association with the cell surface-associated cytoskeleton is responsible for the flattened elliptical shape seen in some invertebrate erythrocytes and endows them with flexibility and resilience to mechanical forces. This in an evolutionarily persistent characteristic that is retained throughout the submammalian vertebrates. The erythrocytes of invertebrates are more morphologically and functionally diversified than the mammalian model. In addition to respiratory activities (oxygen storage and transport) they can sometimes function as vendors of nutrients and participate in other less obvious processes. These cells therefore frequently not only retain organelles that are usually discarded by vertebrate erythrocytes (ribosomes. golgi apparatus, etc.) but may also depending upon the species, manifest in their cytoplasm organelles and inclusions that are not a normal component of developing or mature submammalian vertebrate and mammalian erythroid cells. Examples of the latter are pigment granules, lipid droplets, extensive glycogen stores and prominent Prussian blue positive inclusions. Erythrocytes in the invertebrates, though presenting certain cytologic and functional features in common, are a heterogenous collection of cells, each tailored for a specific species or group of organisms.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    The phylogenetic odyssey of the erythrocyte. III. Fish, the lower vertebrate experience
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Glomski, Chester A.; Tamburlin, Judith; Chainani, Meena
    The piscine erythrocyte can be considered the prototype of the red cells that are distributed among inframmalian vertebrates. It is a permanently nucleated, hemoglobin-ladened, oval, flattened, biconvex disc. Ultrastructurally it demonstrates a cytoskeleton comprised of a marginal band and a membrane skeleton which are responsible for the erythrocyte's conversion to an ellipsoid during morphogenesis and endow it with resilience to physical trauma. Erythropoiesis initiates in the yolk sac, followed in many fishes, by the intermediate cell mass. These sites are the sources of the transitory, primitive generation red cells which apparently make their first phylogenetic appearance in fishes and which are subsequently represented in al1 classes of vertebrates including mammals. Production of definitive generation erythrocytes is centered in evolutionary «pre-splenic» tissue of the gastrointestinal tract or in the spleen in cyclostomes, dipnoi, and chondrichthyes while in teleosts it is typically located in the kidneys with or without splenic participation. The blood is a major site of erythrocyte maturation in the lower fishes and exhibits significant numbers of immature erythroid cells plus occasional mitotic figures. Some teleosts also circulate developing erythroid cells. Certain fishes have occasional circulating erythroplastids, conceptually a portent of phylogenetic changes in higher vertebrates. Remarkably, some bristlemouths have denucleated erythrocytes exclusively in the circulation. The largest piscine erythrocytes are found in the dipnoi, myxines, and chondrichthyes. Primitive fish with the exception of the endothermic sharks tend to have lower hemoglobin concentrations than the modern teleosteans. The very highest hemoglobin concentrations are attained by the endothermic scombrids. Erythrocyte-based data have a broad extent and are variably affected by age, sex, Offprint requests to: Chester A. Glomski, M.D., Ph. D., Department of Anatomical Sciences, Schwl of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Bufíalo, New Yo&, 14214 USA season and environment. This report includes a substantial selection of illustrations (fish species and rbc micrographs).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Open Access
    The phylogenetic odyssey of the erythrocyte. IV. The amphibians
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1997) Glomski, Chester A.; Tamburlin, Judith; Hard, R.; Chainani, Meena
    Amphibians manifest permanently nucleated, oval, flattened, biconvex erythrocytes. These cells demonstrate a cytoskeleton which is responsible for their morphogenetic conversion from a sphere to an ellipse and imparts to their cellular mass reversibility of traumatic deformation. The class Amphibia has the largest of al1 erythrocytes attaining volumes greater than 10,000 femtoliters in the Amphiuma. The large dimensions reflect evolutionary processes, genomic size, ploidy and the relative size of other somatic cells. Conversely, the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration of these species are low. Occasional denucleated red cells can be seen in the peripheral blood but may attain levels of 90-95% of the total circulating population in certain members of the tribe Bolitoglossini (e.g. Batrachoseps attenuatus). These erythroplastids retain the marginal band thus remaining different from mammalian erythrocytes. Embryologically, erythropoiesis initiates in the yolk sac and then progreses to the kidney, liver, and possibly spleen. The yolk sac cohort is transitory and is successively replaced by the larval and definitive populations of erythrocytes. Red cell production (along with thrombocytopoiesis) in adult urodeles is conducted intravascularly in the spleen. In anurans this organ is usually the major site although the liver also serves as a secondary locus for this activity. Medullary (bone marrow) erythropoiesis makes its phylogenetic debut in anurans and typically occurs during heightened hemopoiesis following metamorphosis or hibernation. Maturation of the erythrocyte in the circulation is commonplace (especially in urodeles) while proliferation at this site is inducible by splenectomy andlor hemolysins. Erythrocyte-related values demonstrate variable differences associated with age, weight, season, gender, and environment.