Browsing by Subject "Dysplasia"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    a-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase is highly expressed in the intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia lesions of the stomach
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Huang, Wenbin; Zhao, Jianhua; Li, Li; Huang, Yue; Yang, Xiaobin; Wang, Jinsong; Zhang, Tonghai
    To study a-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) expression in gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and its precursors, we performed an immunohistochemical assay (using an avidin-biotinperoxidase complex method) on 106 paraffin-embedded gastric mucosal biopsy samples and 25 gastrectomy samples (37 negative for dysplasia; 30 indefinite for dysplasia; 22 low-grade dysplasia; 25 high-grade dysplasia; and 34 invasive intestinal adenocarcinoma). The results showed that AMACR staining was uniformly negative in the groups negative for dysplasia and indefinite for dysplasia. Only 1 of 22 (4.5%) low-grade dysplasia showed weak staining for AMACR. In the groups of high-grade dysplasia and invasive intestinaltype adenocarcinoma, however, 19 of 25 (76%) and 18 of 34 (52.9%) were positive for AMACR respectively. Expression of AMACR was not correlated with location, H. Pylori infection or intestinal metaplasia. These results suggested that AMACR may play a role in the intermediate stage of gastric carcinogenesis. The high level expression of AMACR in high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma suggests that it may be a useful biomarker in distinguishing high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma from low-grade dysplasia.
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    An evaluation of the role of nuclear cytoplasmic ratios and nuclear volume densities as diagnostic indicators in metaplastic, dysplastic and neoplastic lesions of the human cheek
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1997) White, F.H.; Jin, Y.; Yang, Ling
    The increase in nuclear cytoplasmic (NIC) ratio is one of the features of cellular atypia which is used in the histopathological assessment of premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa. Since this feature is readily quantifiable using morphometry, we have analysed both N/C and nuclear volume densities in basal and spinous cells from human cheek lesions with and without malignant potential in order to ascertain the validity of this parameter as a predictor. Using a strictly standardised sampling procedure, measurements of cellular and nuclear areas of basal and spinous cells from normal and pathological human cheek mucosa were made on haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections using a VIDAS image analyser. Cases examined comprised fibrous hyperplasia (FH), traumatic inflammation (IF), benign hyperkeratosis (HK), lichen planus (LI), leukoplakia with dysplasia (DYS), squamous cell papilloma (PP), dysplastic epithelium from the edges adjacent to invasive carcinoma (CE) and islands from invasive squamous cell carcinoma (CI). In basal cells, NIC ratios and nuclear volume densities were lower than values obtained for the normal controls. In spinous cells, these parameters were elevated in the potentially premalignant lesions (DYS, CE) as well as in CI but values were similarly elevated in FH, IF, HK and PP, lesions which appear to have no malignant potential. The NIC ratio is of no value as a predictor of malignant potential in basal or spinous cells from cheek lesions. The putative increase in NIC which has been previously described qualitatively is probably due to increased nuclear hyperchromatism, which may provide an illusory increase in relative nuclear size at the expense of the cytoplasm.
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    Gastric cancer preceeded by severe dysplasia
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1986) Takeo Nagayo
    For elucidation of histogenesis of gastric cancer derived from relatively flat mucosa, 77 cases of surgically resected stomachs with lesions of severe dysplasia in cancerous mucosae or with cancerous changes in severely dysplastic mucosae were detected out of 380 recently examined cases of early gastric cancer. Several examples of early gastric cancer of the superficial type, showing histological changes indicating that they had developed on the preexisted dysplastic mucosal lesions, have been presented, together with the background data. The frequency for detecting such changes was higher in the slightly elevated lesions than in the depressed or eroded ones.
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    Nuclei detection in hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic liver nodules in histopathology images using bootstrap regression
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Kalinathan, Lekshmi; Kathavarayan, Ruba Soundar; Kanmani, Madheswari; Dinakaran, Nagendram
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver representing the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. This tumor is more common in men than women, with a ratio of 2.7:1. Unlike HCC, Dysplasia is the precancerous nature of liver nodules and is characterized by cellular and nuclear enlargement, nuclear pleomorphism, and multinucleation. Area based Adaptive Expectation Maximization (EM) uses texture, layout, and context features of cells, and grows clusters to obtain texton maps of nucleus. A discriminative model of nucleus and cytoplastic changes of tumor is built by incorporating texture, layout, and context information efficiently. A bootsrap regression model of nuclei and cytoplastic changes are built by incorporating the aforementioned features efficiently. Mean squared error, Peak Signal to Noise ratio and Dice similarity values are used to evaluate the method's classification performance. The proposed method provides high classification and segmentation accuracy of nucleus and extra nuclear content in HCC and dysplasia, which are exceedingly textured in histopathology images, when compared to Adaptive K means, EM method and the state-of-the-art method, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). As texton detection reduces the cluttered background of nuclei, the proposed method would be a convenient mechanism for the classification of nuclei and non- nuclear features. In conclusion, this system can detect more eligible cells of precancerous nature as well as malignant cells even in a cluttered background of nuclei
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    Nucleolar organiser regions in colonic dysplasia. A preliminary study
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Sutherland, C.G.G.; McMeekin, W.
    As a preliminary investigation in the evaluation of the argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) technique in colonic dysplasia, quantitation of AgNORs was carried out in biopsies of normal rectal mucosa and tubulovillous adenomas. The AgNOR counts in the lower third of the normal crypts were approximately twice those in the surface mucosa but there was no significant difference between counts in normal crypt bases and adenomas. It is concluded that the AgNOR technique is unlikely to be of value in the assessment of colonic dysplasia.
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    Ploidy and chromatin pattern analysis as an aid for cervical smear diagnosis
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2002) Nemec, E.; Vandeputte, S.; Van Pachterbeke, C.; Vokaer, R.; Budel, V.; Deprez, C.; Kiss, R.; Decaestecker, C.
    In the present study we used computerassisted microscopy to analyze the morphology of Feulgen-stained cell nuclei in cell populations obtained at the same time as routinely performed cervical smears and in the same way. We investigated in a series of 110 cases whether the quantitative morphonuclear description of cytological cervical samples is able to aid pathologists to distinguish between benign and more suspect premalignant lesions. For this task nuclear DNA content, nuclear morphometry (size and anisonucleosis l evel) and chromatin pattern-related parameters were compiled for each specimen enrolled in the database. A set of 32 normal and 17 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) specimens (with diagnostic c o n firmations) were selected as references and used to establish a discriminant model on the basis of cytometrygenerated variables. This model was then used to score the remaining 61 cases in our series (including cases exhibiting benign cellular changes, squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade SIL and cancers). The results show that a model discriminating efficiently between normal and HSIL groups can be obtained by combining 5 quantitative features (1 DNA ploidyrelated, 2 morphometrical and 2 chromatin tex t u r e features). A 97% specificity and an 88% sensitiv i t y characterized the boundary so established. When applied to new cases, the model was in fact able to correct diagnoses for cases which had been down- or up-graded on the basis of the Bethesda system, and provided scores in accordance with histological control.
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    The importance of adequate recognition of normal and dysplastic myelopoiesis for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Florensa, Lourdes; Arenillas, Leonor; Calvo, Xavier; Pérez Vila, Encarnación; Montesdeoca, Sara; Ferrer, Ana; Woessner, Soledad
    The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes is based on the presence of cytopenias, dysplastic morphological features on peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM), cytogenetic abnormalities and requires to rule out other diseases resembling these conditions. Optical cytomorphology is the cornerstone of diagnosis of MDS. The recognition of cytological myelodysplasia has a crucial value in diagnosis and prognosis of MDS. Assessment of cytological morphology requires, like other diagnostic techniques (flow cytometry, cytogenetics, histological morphology), experienced observers and the availability of high quality and properly stained samples. The morphological analysis has shown moderate reproducibility among hematopathologists. The better characterization and standardization of morphological features has improved the reliability and reproducibility of MDS diagnosis. Maintaining the competence in morphology assessment requires experience and continuous training. For the correct assessment of cytologic myelodysplasia it is essential to keep in mind the morphology of normal myelopoiesis. To the extent of our knowledge there are no studies describing together morphological data on normal and dysplastic myelopoiesis in the framework of MDS. Therefore, by combining these data, this manuscript could serve as a useful tool for quotidian process of diagnosis.