Browsing by Subject "Chicken"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the membranes of chicken egg
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1992) Tan, C.K.; Chen, T. W.; Chan, H.L.; Ng, L.S.
    Questions regarding the structure of the inner and outer shell membranes of the chicken egg were addressed in this study by correlating observations from light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The egg membrane had a limiting membrane, which measured .9 to .15 pn in thickness and appeared to be a continuous and an impervious layer, but the shell membrane did not. Under the SEM, each membrane was seen to be made up of severa1 fibre layers. In the tear preparations viewed under the SEM two layers were observed in the egg membranes and three to five layers in the shell membrane, with an apparent plane of cleavage between each layer. Each fibre was made up of a central core and an outer mantle layers. The central core was perforated by channels which measured .O8 to 1.1 1 pn in diameter and ran longitudinally along the length of the fibre. Between the mantle layer and the fibre core was a gap or cleft measuring between .O3 to .07pn. The diameter of the fibres of the inner layer of the egg membrane ranged between .O8 to .64pn, whereas those of the outer layer of the same membrane ranged from .O5 to 1.11 p.m. Fibres in the shell membrane ranged from . l l to 4.14 pm diameter.
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    Abundant proliferating cells within early chicken taste buds indicate a potentially "built-in" progenitor system for taste bud growth during maturation in hatchlings
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Wang, Zhonghou; Yoshida, Yuta; Kramer, Naomi E.; Kawabata, Fuminori; Tabata, Shoji; Kim, Woo K.; Liu, Hong-Xiang
    Like other epithelial cells, taste bud cells have a short life span and undergo continuous turnover. An active stem or progenitor cell niche is essential for taste bud formation and maintenance. Early taste bud cells have a life span of ~4 days on average in chicken hatchlings when taste buds grow rapidly and undergo maturation. The average life span is shorter than that of mature taste bud cells of rodents (~10-12 days on average). To better understand the mechanism underlying taste bud growth and homeostasis in chickens, we analyzed the distribution of proliferating cells in different tissue compartments, including taste buds, the surrounding epithelium and the underlying connective tissue in post-hatch (P)1-3 hatchlings and P45 chickens. Unlike rodents, which lack proliferating cells within both early and mature taste buds, chickens possessed abundant proliferating cells within early taste buds. Further, at P45, when taste buds are mature and undergo continuous cell renewal, taste buds also contained proliferating cells, though to a lesser extent. These proliferating cells in early taste buds, indicated by PCNA+ and BrdU+ cells, primarily localized to the basal region of taste buds and were largely unlabeled by the two known molecular markers for chicken taste bud cells (Vimentin and α-Gustducin), suggesting their undifferentiated status. Our data indicate that early chicken taste buds have “built-in” progenitors in order to grow to and maintain their large size and rapid cell turnover in hatchlings.
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    Brush-like cells within bronchial epithelia of chicken lung, Gallus gallus
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2000) López, J.; Cuesta, N.; Burrell, M.A.
    The secondary and primary (mesobronchus) bronchi of chicken lung are lined by a typical respiratory epithelium: pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells. Up to date, four constituting epithelial cell types have been identified: ciliated, mucosecretory, basal and endocrine cells. In this study a putative new epithelial cell type, the brush-like cell, is described. The avian brush-like cells have only been found in the bronchial epithelia but never in the gas-exchange areas. They are scattered among the other epithelial cells, mainly ciliated cells, and their number is extremely low. The characteristic morphological feature of these cells is an apical protruding cytoplasm with microvilli. This cell type is similar to that found in the lung of some mammalian and non-mammalian species. The functional role of these cells is not yet clear; they could carry out absorptive processes.
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    Caracterización del pollo como biomodelo experimental en arteriosclerosis: lesiones en troncos supra-aórticos
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2011) Sánchez Polo, María Teresa; García Pérez, Bartolomé; Adánez Martínez, María de Gracia; Martin, A.; Ayala de la Peña, Ignacio; Castells Mora, María Teresa; Biología Celular; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    La enfermedad cardiovascular es hoy en día la primera causa de mortalidad en las sociedades desarrolladas. Dada la complejidad del desarrollo de la lesión aterosclerótica en el ser humano resulta interesante investigar en modelos animales en los que dicho proceso sea semejante a la enfermedad humana. El pollo, al igual que otras aves, es capaz de desarrollar arteriosclerosis aórtica y coronaria de forma natural o espontánea, e inducida por una dieta enriquecida en colesterol. Teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de los trabajos publicados describen las lesiones en segmentos aórticos y la variedad de métodos de inducción de la arteriosclerosis, el objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar de manera adecuada en el modelo aviar utilizado, las lesiones arterioscleróticas de troncos supra-aórticos en un grupo experimental con respecto a un grupo control. Se emplearon 20 pollos de la raza White Leghorn divididos en dos grupos (control y aterogénico) que recibían una dieta normal o hiperlipémica respectivamente durante un periodo de 6 meses. Se sacrificaron entonces los animales para llevar a cabo el estudio bioquímico del plasma (perfil lipídico), evaluación histológica de los troncos supra-aórticos y valoración semicuantitativa de las lesiones según la clasificación de Stary. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos para los diferentes parámetros bioquímicos estudiados y para la cuantificación del grado de lesión de Stary. En el grupo aterogénico se observó un endotelio conservado, con íntimas muy aumentadas de tamaño (10 veces el tamaño del grupo control) y muy desorganizadas. En conclusión, estos hallazgos confirman el uso del pollo como biomodelo experimental para el estudio de la arteriosclerosis en troncos supra-aórticos, y podrían ser empleados como referencia para futuros estudios intervencionistas.
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    Distribution of T-cell subsets and immunoglobulin-containing cells in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) of chickens
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2000) Ohshima, K.; Hiramatsu, K.
    The present study demonstrated the localization of the T-cell subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) and immunoglobulin (1g)-containing cells (IgA, IgM, and IgG) in the nasal mucosa and its accessory structures. These lymphoid structures may be compared with nasalassociated lymphoid tissue (NALT) of rats and mice. In the chicken NALT, T-cell subsets were more widely distributed than Ig-containing cells, especially in large lymphoid accumulations restricted to the respiratory mucosa in the nasal cavity and the nasolacrimal duct. These lymphoid accumulations in the mucosa of the nasal cavity and nasolacrimal duct consisted of widely distributed CD8+ cells and deeply aggregated CD4+ cells adjacent to large germinal centers. In these lymphoid accumulations, IgG-containing cells were more frequently observed than IgM- and IgA-containing cells. T-cell subsets, predominantly CD8+ cells were more widely distributed in the duct epithelium of the lateral nasal glands than Ig-containing cells. Moreover, numerous CD8+ cells and a few Ig-containing cells were found in the chicken salivary glands, especially around the orifice of their ducts into the oral cavity. Therefore, it seems likely that the chicken NALT plays an important part in the upper respiratory tract, with a close relationship to the paraocular immune system.
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    Effect of atorvastatin and diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score in hyperlipidemic chickens
    (Elsevier, 2009-10-22) Martin Castillo, Antonia; Adánez Martínez, María de Gracia; Sánchez Polo, Maria Teresa; García Pérez, Bartolomé; Ayala, Ignacio; Castells Mora, María Teresa; Medicina
    Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is part of the spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes from simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, to the most severe cirrhosis and carcinoma, which develops in the absence of excessive alcohol intake. NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in affluent societies. There is no proven treatment for NAFLD/NASH. One of the most frequent adverse effects of statins is an increase in hepatic aminotransferases. Studies that evaluate if the benefits of statins overcome the risks in NASH are lacking. The present study was conceived to explore the effect of both atorvastatin and diet on regression of steatohepatitis, using a chicken experimental model induced by a hyperlipidemic diet (HD). Plasma lipid levels, liver enzymes and hepatic histopathology, as well as image analysis were performed to determine changes in liver lipid deposits and inflammatory infiltration. Features of steatosis, cell-ballooning, and inflammation were scored to obtain the NAFLD activity score (NAS). A severe level of steatosis was found in animals fed on HD. Atorvastatin treated groups showed smaller size of lipid deposits and a lower level of inflammation than non-treated groups. Atorvastatin therapy induced a significant reduction of hepatocellular damage, even though in the animals which continuously received a hyperlipidemic diet. The combination of atorvastatin therapy and a standard diet produced the lowest decrease of NAS. Our results show that atorvastatin therapy not only decreased plasmatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, but also induced a reduction of liver steatosis, inflammation and hepatocellular damage, without increasing plasmatic amynotransferase levels.
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    Effect of diet/atorvastatin on atherosclerotic lesions associated to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in chickens
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Sánchez-Polo, Maria T.; García Pérez, Bartolomé; Martín, Antonia; Adánez Martínez, María de Gracia; Ayala de la Peña, Ignacio; Castells Mora, María Teresa
    Comparative histological examination of both liver and the supra-aortic arteries have not previously examined the consequences of atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and their response to diet and atorvastatin therapy. This study evaluates the effects of diet alone or in combination with atorvastatin therapy on the progression/regression of atherosclerosis and its correlation with NAFLD. This research was performed on a cohort of chickens on standard (SD) or hyperlipidemic diets (HD), either with or without atorvastatin therapy. The development of atherosclerotic lesions was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis and correlated with liver histology. The lowest levels of atherosclerotic lesions were found in animals on the HD for 3 months, followed by 3 months of SD in combination with oral atorvastatin. There was a strong association between the histologic findings of atherosclerosis and those of NAFLD. These studies show that standard diet and atorvastatin therapy can positively affect both arterial and hepatic lesions, influencing the regression of the changes. These results support the hypothesis that NAFLD and atherosclerosis may be actually two aspects of a shared disease and suggest the possibility of regression of both disorders with dietary and pharmacologic manipulations.
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    Effects of atorvastatin on progression - regression of renal injury in hyperlipidemic chickens
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Adánez Martínez, María de Gracia; García Pérez, Bartolomé; Sánchez-Polo, M.T.; Montes, A.; Ayala de la Peña, Ignacio; Castells Mora, María Teresa; Martín Castillo, Antonia; Biología Celular; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    Complex interrelationships exist between hyperlipidemia and the progression of renal injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of high plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels on renal structure and the effects of atorvastatin on progressionregression of renal injury. One-hundred chickens were divided into five groups: Group A: Standard diet (SD) for 6 months; Group B: Hyperlipidemic diet (HD) for 6 months; Group C: HD for three months and SD during the next 3 months; Group D: HD for 3 months and SD during the next 3 months, when they received oral atorvastatin (3 mg/kg/d); Group E: HD for the whole 6 months, and atorvastatin (3 mg/kg/d) during the last 3 months. Increased a-actine immunostaining was found in glomeruli of groups B and C. An important decrease of immunostaining was observed in glomeruli of atorvastatin treated groups. Group D showed the lowest value for presence of lipids, and significant differences were found with respect to the rest of the groups. The glomeruli of group B presented the highest damage grades and those of group D showed the lowest grades and presented significant differences from the rest of the groups. The combination of atorvastatin therapy and proper diet proved to be effective in promoting renal disease regression. However, the study of several parameters indicates that neither only diet nor atorvastatin in the progression group resulted completely effective in decreasing the progression of the disease.
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    Hyperlipidemic chicken as a model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
    (Frontiers Media, 2009-01-01) Ayala, Ignacio; Martin Castillo, Antonia; Adánez Martínez, María de Gracia; Fernández-Rufete Navarro, Ana; García Pérez, Bartolomé; Castells Mora, María Teresa; Medicina
    Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is part of the spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), currently the most common cause of abnormal liver tests. Given the difficulty of studying all the factors involved in it in human populations, studies in animal models might provide crucial insights in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. Several physiological features predispose birds to fat deposition in the liver. The present study was conceived to explore the possibilities of the chicken fed a cholesterol and fat enriched diet as a model for steatohepatitis. We used two different diets: a standard growing mash (control group) and a standard growing mash enriched with 2% cholesterol and 20% palm oil (hyperlipidemic group). We investigated the effect of feeding a cholesterol and fat enriched diet, on plasma lipid levels, liver enzymes and hepatic histopathology. Semiquantitative and quantitative assessment by image analysis was performed to determine changes in lipid deposits and inflammatory infiltration. Statistically significant increases were observed in all plasma lipid parameters, liver macroscopic features, fat deposits and cell-ballooning of hepatocytes between control and hyperlipidemic animals. Significant differences were also observed in the inflammatory infiltration parameters (number of foci, density, area and maximal diameter). Results show that diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are associated with severe impairment of liver histology (fat accumulation, inflammation and cell-ballooning), reproducing histological features of human NAFLD. This model, which is easy and reproducible, offers economic and technical advantages. Furthermore, the reversibility of the pathologic changes makes it suitable for drug intervention studies of steatohepatitis.
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    Selectividad de las isoformas de 140-180 KDA de NCAM en la papila óptica del embrión de pollo
    (Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1997) Prada Oliveira, J. A.; Verástegui Escolano, G.; González Moreno, M; Pérez Ríos, N.; Fernández Trujillo, F. J.; Facultad de Biología
    Durante la embriogénesis de la retina del Gallus domesticus, los neuroblastos muestran variaciones temporales y espaciales de los residuos glucosilados a nivel de sus membranas plasmáticas. Se considera que estos componentes glucídicos están implicados en la organización de estructuras neurales inmaduras, mediante su participación en mecanismos de reconocimiento y adhesión celulares. Los componentes glucosilados van a formar parte de glucoproteínas convencionales, así como de un grupo de moléculas a las que genéricamente se han denominado moléculas de adhesión celular. La primera de estas moléculas aislada fue la neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), glucoproteína compuesta por un armazón proteico con diversas isoformas y una cadena más o menos variable de polímeros de ácidos siálicos. La combinación de técnicas convencionales histoquímicas, de lectinas e inmunocitoquímicas han permitido determinar que las moléculas de NCAM de 120 kDa presentan cadenas pobremente sializadas en estadíos intermedios del desarrollo, mientras en estadíos tempranos y finales los ácidos siálicos están más abundantemente representados en las isoformas de 140-180 kDa. Algunos autores han determinado que la isoforma de NCAM presente durante el desarrollo de la retina del Gallus domesticus es similar a la humana de 120 kDa. Nuestros resultados indican que las isoformas de 140-180 kDa sólo se presentan en las fibras del nervio óptico una vez que estas abandonan la papila óptica.