Histology and histopathology Vol. 2, nº 4 (1987)
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- PublicationOpen AccessUltrastructure of the tubular nephron of Testudo graeca (Chelonia). A comparison between hibernating and non-hibernating animals(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Zuasti, A.; Ferrer, C.; Ballesta Germán, José; Pastor García, Luis MiguelThe tubular nephron of hibernating and nonhibernating specimens of Testudo graeca (Chelonia) was studied by means of conventional light and electron microscopy and histochemistry. The tubular nephron was composed of proximal, intermediate, distal and collecting tubules in both hibernating and nonhibernating animals. The cells of the proximal tubule showed long microvilli, cytoplasmic vacuoles, a developed endoplasmic reticulum and abundant mitochondria. Fat droplets were also observed. The intermediate segment was lined by ciliated and nonciliated cells. The lining cells of the distal tubule presented few microvilli, abundant dense mitochondria and clear vesicles of mucous appearance in the terminal portion. Collecting ducts are composed of mucous and non-mucous cells. Mucous cells presented strong reaction to the histochemical techniques detecting sialoand sulpho-mucins. During hibernation, a progressive vacuolar degeneration of the endoplasmic reticulum was observed in al1 the segments of tubular nephron, which may be caused by a massive intake of extracellular water into the cell.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphometric study of hepatic ultrastructure in alcoholic hepatitis(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Chen, T.S.; Murphy, D.P.; Marquet, G.; Chedid, A.; Mendenhall, C.L.; Rabin, L.; Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Alcoholic HepatitisWe undertook a morphometric analysis of hepatocellular organelles in an attempt to correlate their changes with the clinical stages of patients.with alcoholic hepatitis. Although hepatic ultrastructural alterations did not correlate with disease severity, we found significant differences between patient and control groups in the measured parameters of non-organelle cytoplasm, mitochondria, SER, RER, glycogen, and lipid.
- PublicationOpen AccessThermotherapy for Harding-Passey melanoma, light and electron microscopic study(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Vicente, Vicente; Gómez, M.; Gómez, S.; Calderon, F.; Canteras Jordana, Manuel; Cremades, A.The changes of implanted Harding-Passey melanoma in C57Blí6J mice following treatment with wholebody hyperthermia were studied. The treated tumours showed a progressive growth delay, cellular and architectural irregularities as well as cell injury characteristics. The presence of distended and irregular blood vessels, the peripheral localization of the melanosomes and the melanosome complexes were constant.
- PublicationOpen AccessInterstitial collagen in alcoholic human liver(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Stenbäck, F.; Wasenius, Veli-Matti; Sotaniemi, Eero A.The occurrence and intensity of staining for specific antibodies against the aminoterminal propeptide of type 111 procollagen (PIIIP), which is indicative of the synthesis and the degradation of that collagen type, was studied in sections from normal and alcoholic livers and compared with serum PIIIP levels, serum antipyrine clearance, fibronectin distribution and morphology as revealed by conventional stains and electronmicroscopy. Positive staining for PIIIP and fibronectin was observed in the perisinusoidal space of the normal liver and in portal tracts. In alcohol-induced fatty liver positive staining increased around the central veins, in alcoholic hepatitis increased staining reaction was seen to a limited extent in areas of cell injury. Extensive reticulin and PIIIP-positive areas were found in the periportal interstitium of the cirrhotic livers and in large fibrotic areas extending into the surrounding parenchyma in cases of active disease. The results show a distinct relationship between collagen type 111 metabolism, morphologically detectable hepatic injury and liver cell function tests, with tissue deposition occurring later in the disease process than biochemically detectable serum collagen levels and signs of altered liver cell function.
- PublicationOpen AccessImmunohistochemical change of actin in exprerimental myocardial ischemia. Its usefulness to detect very early myocardial damages(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Shozo Nishida; Shingo Hiruma; Shigeo HashimotoPathomorphological diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction has many problems in human autopsy materials less than 4 to 6 hours after clinical onset and in rats 2 to 3 hours after experimental coronary occlusion. Since immunohistochemical reaction deuends - ~ on the antigei determinant site of the material, chañges in the reaction may reflect alterations at the molecular level in myocardial fibers. With this consideration in mind, the effectiveness of diagnosing infarction at the earliest (possible) stage, and the changes of actin filaments were investigated through experiments, using immunohistochemical methods involving anti-actin antibodies produced from chicken gizzards in our laboratory. The left coronary arteries of rats were ligated to produce ischemia. Dehydrogenases were shown to be still present by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reaction, but the anti-actin antibody reaction had disappeared in areas corresponding to the ischemic sites. However, on electron microscopic examination of these sites, actin fibers were clearly revealed. In the case of ischemia lasting for more than 6 hours, the anti-actin antibody reaction had disappeared, corresponding to the disappearance of the TTC reaction. At this stage, myocardial actin fibers were revealed by electron microscopic examination. These results indicate that ischemia induces some type of biochemical degeneration at the molecular level of myocardial actin, most likely the change of actin polymerization. Moreover, they show that the anti-actin antibody technique is capable of detecting such very early degenerative and ischemic changes proving itself to be better suited for determining the range and degree of early infarction.
- PublicationOpen AccessExpression of cytokeratin and neuron-specific enolase in small cell carcinomas of the lung(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Kitinya, James N.; Mitsuru Kingo; Kenzo TanakaUsing a polyclonal antibody against human epidermal keratins and a monoclonal antibody against cytokeratins characteristic of simple epithelia, and the Avidin-Biotin system of immunohistochemistry, we have demonstrated cytokeratin expression in 46% and in 60% of small cell carcinomas of the lung at autopsy respectively. The latter gave a diffuse stronger reaction product than the polyclonal antibody. The results suggest that there is a cytokeratin rich and a cytokeratin poor type of small cell carcinoma. Neuron-specific enolase immunohistochemistry was positive in 60% of the cases. Coexpression with cytokeratin was seen in ten cases (30%). The expression of cytokeratin and neuronspecific enolase in small cell carcinomas strongly suggests that they are of an epithelial origin, but are capable of neuroendocrine differentiation.
- PublicationOpen AccessUltrastructural relationship of quadriceps muscle degeneration with a distant peroneal nerve conduction in human myotonia dystrophica(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Sinha, Akhouri A.; Olson, Norman D.; Nuttall, Frank Q.The association of motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) to (1) duration of symptoms, (2) deep tendon reflex responses, (3) clinical muscle atrophy, and (4) ultrastructure of quadriceps muscle was studied in 18 patients with myotonia dystrophica of Steinert and nine normal controls. These patients had neither diabetes mellitus nor any other type of muscle dystrophy. Ultrastructural features of muscle fibers and intercellular spaces between atrophic fibers provided a basis for identifying degenerative changes and evaluating them semi-quantitatively. Our study indicates presence of an association between the pattern of muscle degeneration and both MNCV (correlation coefficients, y=+0.60) and duration of symptoms (y=-0.62), but not between MNCV and duration of symptoms (y=+0.28). Further analysis of the association between the degeneration of quadriceps and the MNCV of a distant peroneal nerve (which does not innenate quadriceps) suggested that the systemic nerve degeneration occurred in some groups of myotonia patients. Our study indicates that while in some patients the muscle degeneration may have been associated with the impairment of neurogenic elements, in others it occured in the absence of any MNCV abnormality. Our findings favor the role of both neuropathic and myopathic factors in the muscle degeneration seen in myotonia dystrophica.
- PublicationOpen AccessElectron microscopic studies on the pars intermedia of the rat under stress(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Blasco, J.; Martínez, C.; Gómez, E.; Sarrat, R.Using electron microscopy. we have studied the pars intermedia (PI) of the pituitary gland of Wistar rat under psychogenic stress, finding a considerable increase in dark cells. The cells of the PI present striking vacuoles in al1 their cytoplasms, increasing up to a phase of total cellular disintegration. We have also observed a cell type, not found in the animal control group, of regular size and electrodense matrix of medium contrast.
- PublicationOpen AccessSecondary amyloidosis and cystic fibrosis. A morphological and histochemical study of five cases(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Bontempini, L.; Ghimenton, C.; Colombari, R.; Malena, M.; Luzzolino, P.; Canciani, M.; Doglioni, C.; Sbabo, L.The pathological findings of five cases of amyloidosis associated with Cystic Fibrosis are reported. Rectal biopsy led to the diagnosis of amyloidosis in four patients. In three cases the diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy , with involvement of spleen, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, thyroid and other organs. It seems that Secondary Amyloidosis provokes a significant, although rare, complication of Cystic Fibrosis as greater numbers of these patients survive into adulthood.
- PublicationOpen AccessPhotoreceptor fine structure in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops)(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Braekevelt, Charlie R.The structure of the photoreceptors of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) has been investigated by light and electron microscopy. In this species the photoreceptors can be readily differentiated and adequately described by the classical terminology of rods and cones, with rods being the more numerous. Rods are long, slender cells while cones are shorter and stouter. Both rods and cones are highly differentiated cells and consist of an outer segment, a connecting cilium, an inner segment, a nuclear region and a synaptic process leading to a synaptic ending. Morphological differences are noted between rods and cones for the various regions of these cells.
- PublicationOpen AccessA study of myonecrosis induced by the venom of the scorpion tityus serrulatus(Murcia : F. Hernández, 1987) Luque, E.; Martín, J.D.; Peña, J.; Roldan, R.; Vaarnonde, R.The pathogenesis of skeletal muscle necrosis produced by Tityus Serrulatus venom was studied by means of light microscopy and electron microscopy. Wistar rats were inoculated subcutaneously, at some distance from the muscles under study, with a sublethal dose of scorpion venom. Samples were taken of the tibialis anterior muscles of both rear legs, 2, 7 and 24 hours postinoculation. Light microscopy analysis after 2 hours revealed certain changes identified as «delta lesionw, and also the presence of hyperconcentrated muscle cells. Electron microscopy confirmed these lesions and also enabled us to identify a degree of discontinuity in the plasma membrane with a persistence of the basa1 membrane. Hyperconcentrated fibers could still be observed 7 hours postinoculation. Histochemical analysis revealed high levels of calcium within the fibers. 24 hours after inoculation with the venom, numerous phagocytic cells were found in the degenerated fibers. Muscle cells were also found to have undergone alterations indicative of an ischemic process. The most characteristic finding 7 days postinoculation was the appearance of regenerative fibers. After thirty days the muscles regained their normal appearance. It is suggested that Tityus Serrulatus venom induces myonecrosis by means of a twofold action: direct action, which gives rise in the first place to a rupture of the plasma membrane, permitting a massive entry of calcium this being a key factor in the process of cell lession and an assumed indirect action due to ischemia.