Histology and histopathology Vol.36, nº5 (2021)
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- PublicationOpen AccessEffect of sulfur dioxide on vascular biology(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Cai, Huijun; Wang, XinbaoGasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide, can be generated endogenously. These gasotransmitters play important roles in vascular biology, including vasorelaxation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. In recent years, sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been considered as the fourth gasotransmitter. SO2 is present in air pollution. Moreover, SO2 toxicity, including oxidative stress and DNA damage, has been extensively reported in previous studies. Recent studies have shown that SO2 can be endogenously generated in various organs and vascular tissues, where it regulates vascular tone, vascular smooth cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. SO2 can decrease blood pressure in rats, inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen accumulation and promote collagen degradation, and improve vascular remodelling. SO2 can decrease cardiovascular atherosclerotic plaques by enhancing the antioxidant effect and upregulating nitric oxide/nitric oxide synthase and hydrogen sulfide/ cystathionine-γ-lyase pathways. SO2 can also ameliorate vascular calcification via the transforming growth factor - β1/Smad pathway. The effect of SO2 on vascular regulation has attracted great interest. SO2 may be a novel mediator in vascular biology
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphological changes in mouse ovary due to hormonal hypersecretion and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Kim, Sang-Hwan; Yoon, Jong-TaekWe analyzed whether aberrant gonadotropin secretion affects the morphological remodeling of murine ovarian tissues facilitated by activated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes. Six mice were intraperitoneally injected with 5 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) every two days after estrus synchronization. Morphology and expression of various MMPs were assessed following the successful induction of hormonal secretion in these tissues. HCG treatment, but not PMSG treatment, resulted in the expanded production of granulose second follicular cells. In addition, the number of developing follicular cells in the HCG group increased compared with that in the PMSG group. Ovarian diameters were also very small in the PMSG group. Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased MMP-2 protein activity in the HCG group and increased MMP-2 activity in the PMSG group. Activity was particularly high in theca and granulose cells of the PMSG group, but only partial activity was observed in the theca cells of the HCG group. Vascular endothelial growth factor activity was increased in both the external and internal theca cell walls in the PMSG group while the HCG group showed high overall expression of this protein in the internal theca cells. These data indicate that follicular cell activity and remodeling of the ovaries differ based on the type of secretory hormone signals they receive. Inappropriate gonadotropin secretion may induce functional changes in the ovaries, and follicular remodeling may be facilitated by the activity of various MMPs.
- PublicationOpen AccessTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels in human colorectal cancer: evidence and perspectives(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Rizopoulos, Theodoros; Assimakopoulou, MarthaColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death in the civilized world. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) are a heterogeneous family of cation channels that play an important role in gastrointestinal physiology. TRPs have been linked with carcinogenesis in the colon and their role as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers is under investigation.
- PublicationOpen AccessDefective expression of the peroxisome regulators PPARα receptors and lysogenesis with increased cellular senescence in the venous wall of chronic venous disorder(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Ortega, Miguel A; Fraile-Martínez, Oscar; Pekarek, Leonel; Alvarez-Mon, Miguel A.; Asúnsolo, Ángel; Sanchez-Trujillo, Lara; Coca, Santiago; Buján, Julia; Álvarez-Mon, Melchor; GarcíaHonduvilla, Natalio; Sain, FelipeThe pathogenesis of chronic venous disorder (CVeD) remains partially understood. A marked wall remodeling has been shown with potential accelerated tissue senescence. We have investigated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms transcription factor EB (TFEB) as regulatory molecules of cellular homeostasis and makers of peroxisomal and lysosomal biogenesis. We have also quantified p16 expression as a cellular senescence marker. In specimens of maior safena vein from 35 CVeD and 27 healthy venous controls (HV), we studied the expression of PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, PPAR-γ, TFEB and p16 by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical techniques. We have demonstrated a reduced gene and protein expression of the PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ isoform as well as that of TFEB in the venous wall of CVeD patients, suggesting an altered peroxisomal and lysosomal biogenesis associated with an increased cellular senescence shown by increased p16 expression
- PublicationOpen AccessRing finger protein 126: a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer(2021) Huang, Chaoqun; Min, Yao; Liu, Jiuyang; Li, Jing; Yang, XiaojunBackground. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the digestive system. However, effective therapeutic targets against CRC have not been found yet. Further, the relationship between the expression of ring finger protein 126 (RNF126) and CRC is not clear. Material and Methods. The expression level of RNF126 in CRC tissues and cell lines was detected by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Subsequently, endogenous RNF126 expression was inhibited in a CRC cell line using a short hairpin RNA. Next, the effect of RNF126 on the properties of CRC cells was studied through different experimental methods. Results. We found that the RNF126 protein was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. High RNF126 expression was observed to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in CRC patients. In vitro studies showed that RNF126 was able to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of CRC cells. Conclusion. RNF126 acts as an oncogene during CRC development, and may serve as a novel target for CRC treatment.
- PublicationOpen AccessLow expression of FXYD5 reverses the cisplatin resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer cells(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Liu, Ya-Kun; Jia, Ya-Jing; Liu, Shi-Hao; Shi, Hong-Jie; Ma, JingObjective. To investigate the effect of the downregulation of FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 5 (FXYD5) on the cisplatin resistance (CisR) of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. Methods. A2780-CisR and SKOV3-CisR cells were obtained through repeated administrations of different cisplatin concentrations, and the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) was calculated by MTT assays. After transfection with FXYD5 siRNA-1 and FXYD5 siRNA-2, the IC50 values of the A2780-CisR and SKOV3-CisR cells were also detected by the MTT method. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were evaluated through 5-ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (EdU) DNA synthesis, wound healing, Transwell invasion and Annexin-V-FITC/PI dualstaining assays, respectively. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were conducted to detect mRNA and protein expression. Results. Compared with the sensitive parental cells, the A2780-CisR and SKOV3-CisR cells had increased IC50 and FXYD5 expression. FXYD5 siRNA reduced the IC50 value of cisplatin in the A2780-CisR and SKOV3-CisR cells and decreased the expression of ABCG2 (BCRP) and ABCB1 (MDR1). In addition, FXYD5 inhibition reduced the invasion and migration of the A2780-CisR and SKOV3-CisR cells, with upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of Snail and Vimentin. Both FXYD5 siRNA-1 and FXYD5 siRNA-2 inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of the A2780-CisR and SKOV3-CisR cells with reduced Ki-67 and increased caspase-3. Conclusion. FXYD5 downregulation may reduce the invasion, migration and EMT formation of EOC cells to increase their sensitivity to cisplatin chemotherapy by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis.
- PublicationOpen AccessMorphological and histochemical changes in the dromedary camel epididymis in relation to reproductive activity(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Ibrahim, Zarroug Hassan; Al-Kheraije, Khalid Ali; Singh, Shio KumarEnvironmental conditions such as temperature, light and food availability are known to influence the physiological status of animals. The male dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is considered as a seasonal breeder with maximal sexual activity during certain period of the year followed by a decrease in activity during the remaining period. On the other hand, the male camel is also shown as an atypical seasonal breeder because this does not undergo sexual quiescence with complete cessation of spermatogenesis. This animal, however, shows remarkable physiological and behavioral changes during its maximal sexual activity. The annual breeding (rutting) period also influences the epididymis. In this review, an attempt has been made to present the available literature pertaining to gross anatomical, histological, histochemical, immunohisto-chemical and molecular changes in camel epididymis during breeding and nonbreeding periods, and the changes are believed to be correlated with male sexual behavior and libido. This review may also exhibit the dromedary camel breeding period, which is still unresolved, and thus may prove helpful in determining the exact time of mating, which is important for the success of assisted reproductive outcomes. Further, the review may contribute to a better understanding of the epididymal physiology in camel and may also prove useful in improving reproductive efficiency and population of this animal
- PublicationOpen AccessDiagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemical evaluation of CD1a antigen and polyclonal antiLeishmania antibodies in cutaneous Leishmaniasis(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Lopez-Trujillo, Emilio; Gonzàlez-Farré, Mònica; Pujol, Ramon M.; Bellosillo, Beatriz; Fisa, Roser; Riera, Cristina; Alcover, Magdalena; Barranco, Carlos; Martin-Ezquerra, GemmaBackground. Different immunohistochemical markers to detect amastigotes in cutaneous Leishmaniasis have been proposed with variable diagnostic usefulness. Objectives. To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of immunohistochemical amastigotes identification by specific polyclonal anti-Leishmania antibodies and CD1a expression (clone EP3622) in a series of PCR confirmed cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Materials and methods. Thirty-three skin samples corresponding to PCR confirmed cutaneous Leishmaniasis were included in the study. All samples were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa. Moreover, immunohistochemical studies with anti-CD1a and anti-Leishmania antibodies were performed. The patients clinical features and the observed histopathological features were also recorded. Results. From the selected 33 biopsies, Leishmania spp. amastigotes were detected in 48.4% of cases with conventional Hematoxylin-eosin stain and in 57.5% of cases by Giemsa staining. In 31/33 cases, anti-CD1a allowed us to identify parasitic structures, and in 33/33 cases amastigotes were detected with anti-Leishmania antibodies. Concordance between both techniques, antiCD1a and anti-Leishmania, was 94% [CI 95%: (79,8%- 99,3%)]; p value <0.05. The sensitivity of anti-CD1a in comparison with the PCR was 94%, with a positive predictive value of 100%. Two cases of low parasitic index were negative for CD1a immunostaining. In cases with high parasitic index, anti-CD1a stained amastigotes in superficial and deep dermis. Only a few cases were originally diagnosed with the available histological techniques, needing PCR for Leishmania spp. identification. Conclusions. Anti-CD1a antibody seems to be a useful technique to identify amastigotes when PCR and anti-Leishmania antibodies are not available. The sensitivity to detect amastigotes is increased when the CD1a immunostaining is added to the classical Haematoxylin – eosin and Giemsa staining.
- PublicationOpen AccessHigh-resolution three-dimensional visualization of hepatic sinusoids in cirrhotic rats via serial histological sections(Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Liu, Jing-Yi; Lv, Wen-Juan; Jian, Jian-Bo; Xin, Xiao-Hong; Zhao, Xin-Yan; Hu, Chun-HongAim. As a specialized intraparenchymal vascular conduit, hepatic sinusoids play a key role in liver microcirculation. This study aimed to explore the three-dimensional (3D) morphological changes of cirrhotic sinusoids by serial histological sections. Methods. Cirrhosis was induced by tail vein injection of albumin in Wistar rats with a positive antibody. A total of 356 serial histological sections were prepared from liver tissue blocks of normal and cirrhotic rats. The optical microscope images were registered and reconstructed, and 3D reconstructions of the fine structures of fibrous tissues and sinusoids were subsequently visualized. Results. The fibrosis area of the cirrhotic sample was 6-16 times that of the normal sample (P<0.001). Cirrhosis led to obvious changes in the distribution and morphology of sinusoids, which were mainly manifested as dilation, increased quantity and disordered distribution. Compared with normal liver, cirrhotic liver has a significantly increased volume ratio, number and volume of sinusoids (1.63-, 0.53-, and 1.75-fold, respectively, P<0.001). Furthermore, the samples were further divided into three zones according to the oxygen supply, and there were significant differences in the morphology of the sinusoids in the normal and cirrhotic samples (P<0.05). In particular, morphological parameters of the cirrhotic sinusoids near the portal area were obviously greater than those in the normal liver (P<0.05). Conclusion. 3D morphological structures of hepatic sinusoids were reconstructed, and the adaptive microstructure changes of cirrhotic sinusoids were accurately measured, which has an important implications for the study of hepatic microcirculation and pathological changes of cirrhosis.