Sociología histórica Vol. 16, nº 1 (2026)

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http://hdl.handle.net/10201/223241

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Open Access
Introducción
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Moreno Pestaña, José Luis; Beas Marín, Pablo; Sin departamento asociado
Open Access
Ecos de descontento: cómo la pandemia legitimó la protesta reaccionaria en el espacio público español actual
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Olayo-Yestera, Alberto; Sin departamento asociado
Este artículo es relevante en 2025 porque ofrece, con cinco años de perspectiva, la primera evaluación longitudinal de cómo la COVID-19 reconfiguró de forma duradera la protesta y desplazó el protagonismo hacia actores conservadores y de extrema derecha. A partir de un PEA ampliado (Madrid, 2000–2025; >7.300 eventos), demuestra que los marcos «Libertad vs. Control» nacidos en el confinamiento consolidaron repertorios híbridos —caceroladas, caravanas, telemovilización y vuelta a la calle—que hoy siguen estructurando la contienda pública. El trabajo explica la migración de esos marcos desde la oposición a restricciones sanitarias hacia agendas anti-fiscalidad, anti-políticas climáticas, anti-acuerdosy anti-género, y documenta una nueva eficacia simbólica de la derecha en el espacio público. Su contribución teórica relee la pandemia como aceleradorcultural reaccionario y como ventana de oportunidad para contramovimientos, aportando evidencia sobre subjetividades políticas centradas en la noción de «libertad». Para la Sociología Histórica, el artículo ofrece claves comparadas (España en diálogo con Alemania, EE. UU. y Brasil) y criterios empíricos para entender la normalización post-pandemia de la protesta polarizada y sus implicaciones en gobernanza, policía y regulación de la movilización digital.
Open Access
Racialización y sexualización de los cuerpos femeninos negros: perspectivas desde las estudiantes universitarias
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Gónzalez García, Gemma M.; Sin departamento asociado
Este trabajo cualitativo tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de racialización y sexualización que enfrentan mujeres negras, africanas y afrodescendientes universitarias en una ciudad pequeña al sur de España. Se exploran sus experiencias cotidianas en el espacio público, identificando formas de explotación, control y resistencia corporal. Los hallazgos revelan que estas mujeres son sometidas a una constante cosificación y fetichización asociándolas con estereotipos sexuales como la prostitución. Esta hipervisibilización coexiste con un control espacial que restringe su movilidad (evitando zonas, modificando rutas) y las obliga a regular su apariencia para protegerse. Aunque las experiencias de opresión están enraizadas en estructuras históricasde raza, género y clase, abordadas por el Pensamiento Feminista Negro y la interseccionalidad, las respuestas cotidianas de estas mujeres evidencian una capacidad activa para negociar y desafiar dichas dinámicas, aunque de manera fragmentada. El artículosubraya la urgencia de políticas públicas antirracistas e interseccionales que promuevan espacios seguros y desmantelen los estereotipos en el ámbito educativo.
Open Access
Gordofobia, derecho y cuerpos disidentes: una mirada comparada sociojurídica entre Francia y España
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Collantes Sánchez, Beatriz; Sin departamento asociado
This article examines fatphobia as a form of structural violence at the intersection of law, health, and culture, through a comparative analysis of France and Spain. Drawing on a theoretical framework that brings together biopower (Foucault), feminist and decolonial critiques of the body (Bordo; Strings; Vergès; Moreno Figueroa), and the notions of stigma (Goffman) and bodily/erotic capital (Bourdieu; Moreno Pestaña), I argue that law operates as a somatocratic technology: by adopting weight-centric biomedical parameters (e.g., BMI), it legitimizes the exclusion of fat bodies in employment and healthcare settings. Methodology: documentary analysis of legislation and public policies, and a selective review of case law and institutional reports (FR/ES). Findings: (i) both legal systems rely on general equality principles and lack explicit recognition of fatphobia as a protected category; (ii) in France, the category “physical appearance” and the role of the Défenseur des droits have fostered a nascent institutionalization of the issue; (iii) in Spain, sporadic jurisprudential advances coexist with regulatory gaps. Conclusion: a bodily justice agenda is proposed, including the legal recognition of fatphobia as a ground of discrimination, the revision of exclusionary bodily requirements, and legal education with an intersectional approach.
Open Access
Alberto Toscano. Fascismo tardío. raza, capitalismo y las políticas de la crisis Madrid: Akal, 2025, 224 pp. Traductora: Ana Useros Martín. [Reseña bibliográfica]
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Moreno Pestaña, José Luis; Sin departamento asociado
Es reseña del libro Fascismo tardío. raza, capitalismo y las políticas de la crisis/ Alberto Toscano. Madrid: Akal, 2025.
Open Access
El cuerpo como límite: trabajo, explotación y daño
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Vega Jiménez, Sergio; Sin departamento asociado
This article takes stock of the concept of the body in social theory and considers the impact of work on the experience of the body in terms of damage and exhaustion. It begins by emphasising the importance of a phenomenological principle of opacity as opposed to an aspiration for transparency. Two definitions of work (anthropological and socio-historical) and two possible uses of the concept of exploitation are proposed, taking into account different manifestations of bodily harm and considering the ways in which the body adapts to the demands of work as a concern for the body (fitness, nutrition, analgesia, stimulants, or the cultivation of erotic capital). From the perspective of psychodynamics and the sociology of work, and combining Marxism and Foucauldian studies, the social relationship of exploitation and the need to optimise the body are addressed as experiences that lead to wear and tear and exhaustion. Finally, the materiality of thebody is proposed as a limit to its appropriation.
Open Access
Ariane Aviñó McChesney. Rehabitar. Fundamentos para la vida no capitalista. Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2023, 314 pp. Prólogo de Francisco José Martínez. Epílogo de Juan Manuel Aragüés. [Reseña bibliográfica]
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Moreno Pestaña, José Luis; Sin departamento asociado
Es reseña del libro Fundamentos para la vida no capitalista/ Ariane Aviñó McChesney. Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2023
Open Access
Trabajo afectivo y explotación: procesos de subjetivación en el sector de la hostelería
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) García Catena, Diana; Sin departamento asociado
Affective labor, defined by Hardt and Negri as the management and production of experiences, relationships, and emotions, plays a central role in contemporary capitalism. This article examines how the practice of affective labor blurs the boundaries between work and other spheres of life, as well as its connection to subtle forms of exploitation.Focusing on the hospitality sector, it is based on in-depth interviews with 36 workers with experience in different contexts and roles (restaurants, pubs, bars, nightclubs, and casinos). The analysis shows that affective labor not only requires the mobilization of workers’ subjectivity but also actively shapes it.Often, the production of leisure experiences for customers requires workers to simultaneously assume the roles of both producer and consumer. Practices such as flirting, sharing drinks, or going out partying with customers before and after closing time are forms of production that extend beyond working hours and the workplace.These are also processesof subjectivation, through which workers redefine the boundaries between leisure and work, and between the intimate and the professional, thereby contributing to the justification of their own exploitation.
Open Access
Un negro no es un negro. Apariencia y aparecer en la fenomenología de la corporalidad de Fanon
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Cordero-Pedrosa, Carlos; Sin departamento asociado
Este artículo analiza la fenomenología de la corporalidad en Frantz Fanon, demostrando su centralidad para entender la construcción del cuerpo racializado, la subjetividad colonial, el racismo como forma de dominación, y las posibilidades emancipatorias. A través de conceptos como el esquema epidérmico y el esquema histórico-racial, Fanon sitúa en el contexto histórico del colonialismo y politiza la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty. De esta manera muestra cómo el racismo reduce al sujeto negro a su cuerpo y cómo limita sus posibilidades de acción. La fenomenología de la corporalidad no se ocupa únicamente de la apariencia, sino que se ocupa de cómo las historias y las practicas del colonialismo moldean los cuerpos al crear las condiciones para limitar el aparecer de ciertos cuerpos y facilitar el de otros. En el marco del racismo, el aparecer, el traspasar los límites impuestos se convierte en violencia. La violencia emerge en el propio acto afirmativo; descolonizar es, en sí mismo, un fenómeno violento porque desafía el orden colonial. El artículo se estructura en tres ejes: 1) la producción social del cuerpo del negro, 2) el enfoque sociogénico como herramienta para estudiar su constitución histórica, y 3) la paradoja del cuerpo locus de alienación racista y desalienación.
Open Access
Al calor del amor en un bar. Explotación, trabajo y plusvalía emocional en la España turística
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Rueda Córdoba, F. Javier; Sin departamento asociado
This article analyzes contemporary mechanisms of labor exploitation in the hospitality sector, focusing on the emotional labor performed by waitresses and waiters in bars, cafes, and restaurants in Madrid. Based on a corpus of 43 interviews, two key metaphors are identified—the bar as a factory and the bar as a theater—which allow us to unravel how affective management becomes a central dimension of work. In dialogue with Marxist theory of exploitation and the feminist affective turn, the concept of emotional surplus value is developed as a specific form of value extraction based on unpaid and contractually unrecognized emotional effort. This surplus value, which is extratemporal and intangible, increases corporate profits without altering working hours or wages. The article argues that these practices intensify the emotional precariousness of mostly feminized and racialized workers, and challenges the limits of classical Marxist theory in explaining contemporary exploitation. Finally, the tensions betweenemotional authenticity, productive efficiency, and the day-to-day management of the bar are discussed, proposing an intersectional reading of new forms of work and their possible resistance.
Open Access
How to think with our bodies: Althusser's theoretical practice revisited
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Sotiris, Panagiotis; Sin departamento asociado
El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la noción de práctica teórica deLouis Althusser para sugerir que esta apunta a un intento muy original de pensar el conocimiento no como algo que tiene que ver con una «conciencia pensante», como sugieren las teorías tradicionales del conocimiento, sino como un proceso y una práctica materiales colectivos. En este sentido, podríamos decir que pensamos con nuestros cuerpos más que con nuestras mentes. Para ello, también revisamos el trabajo de Michel Pêcheux y su conceptualización del conocimiento como un proceso sin sujeto, antes de volver a la petición de Althusser de una nueva práctica materialista de la filosofía.
Open Access
“Degeneración física y deterioro de la raza”. El nodo cuerpo-explotación en la reflexión gramsciana sobre el industrialismo
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Garrido Fernández, Anxo; Sin departamento asociado
This article proposes a partial reconstruction of Gramsci's reflection on industrialism. For this purpose, we have divided the article into two parts. In the first, we outline the general aspects of Gramsci's appropriation of the problem of the ‘critique of political economy’, pointing out the complementarity between the theory of hegemony and the Marxian theory of exploitation. In the second part, we try to show how the problem of the body offers a normative criterion able to judge the legitimacy of forms of social organization that aspire to abolish the capitalist exploitation of labour power.
Open Access
El encanto y la miseria. Cultura artística y discriminación corporal
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Peist, Nuria; Sin departamento asociado
Artistic practices not only have the capacity to analyse and denounce different forms of violence present in our society, but also allow us to observe the tensions and contradictions that arise within the very organization ofthe art field itself.The first part of the study addresses the historical configuration of the specific space of the artistic. It analyses the institutions, agents, and logics that structure this particular world, organized around cultural resources that, in many cases, contain significant degrees of elitism and operate as a form of capital.The second part, based on a series of interviews, examines how workers within this field may experience a specific form of bodily discrimination. The high circulation of the aforementioned cultural capital contributes to generating forms of violence that manifest themselves in bodies as exclusion, domination, and exploitation—both economic and cultural.
Open Access
Las servidumbres de la excelencia: cuerpo, explotación y violencia en la universidad neoliberal
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Espinoza Pino, Mario; Sin departamento asociado
Today's university is prey to a set of uneases that are founded on the precarization processes derived from the neoliberal doxa in relation to academic work. However, the university environment suffers from another type of more specific violence, centered on the development of the research trajectory itself and the hegemony of the so-called “culture of excellence”, whose demands are somatized, pushing those who dedicate themselves to research to the limit. Some of these uneases cross institutional and labor variables, since due to the existing asymmetries and hierarchies, they facilitate the exercise of tremendously harmful symbolic violence -such as mobbing and sexual harassment-. On the other hand, the logic of publish or perish induces a productivist vision of academic work, subordinated to metrics that have little to dowith the social utility of knowledge or its value in public debate. In our article we will address testimonies of symbolic violence, labor precariousness as well as the most relevant effects of the dynamics of the culture of excellence in the field of research. Finally, we will consider what “research excellence” can mean in a context as eroded as the one we live in.
Open Access
Cuerpo, sujeto y explotación: la esclavitud
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Bellón Aguilera, José Luis; Sin departamento asociado
This article addresses the constants of slavery as a relationship of domination-exploitation with pre-capitalist remnants; it focuses on three of its forms: Greco-Roman, modern, and contemporary. The study raises three interrelated questions: first, that slaves bear the marks of their condition on their bodies, whether visibly—as effects of systematic violence or work conditions—or virtually, in the form of a stigma. Second, that slavery, as a relationship of domination-exploitation, possesses transhistorical traits in terms of violence, although the historical economic modes and scales vary. Third, that the slave subject is strained by various forms of agency and resistance: bargaining, escape, and rebellion. The contradictions of the dominant slave imaginary are not addressed.
Open Access
Malestar burocrático, violencia y adaptación en la universidad neoliberal
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) López Alós, Javier; Sin departamento asociado
This article aims to highlight some of the effects of bureaucratic transfor-mations within academia, particularly on academic subjectivity. To this end, it analyses the ways in which administrative innovations have not only al-tered academic institutions butalso the behaviours, attitudes, expectations, and self-perception of individuals connected to academic life in one way or another. Bureaucratic malaise is described as one of these effects, and the ar-ticle examines how these changes respond to a logic of exploitation of bodies, disciplined through a repertoire of practices that, like software applications, require active participation. Rather than providing a description of the cur-rent state of university bureaucracy, this work offers a reflection on the bu-reaucratic nature of universities today –its significance for the definition of the academic profession, its modes of productivity and violence, its multiple ambivalences, and the forms of adaptation it generates. Among these, bu-reaucratism deserves special attention.
Open Access
José Luis Bellón Aguilera. Animismo y literatura. Una investigación histórica (de Platón al tecno-animismo). Berlín: De Gruyter, 2025, 227 pp. [Reseña bibliográfica]
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Ruiz Moreno, Jesús A.; Sin departamento asociado
Es reseña del libro Animismo y literatura. Una investigación histórica (de Platón al tecno-animismo)/ José Luís Bellón Aguilera. Berlín: De Gruyter, 2025
Open Access
Sobre el cuerpo, la explotación económica y la explotación cultural
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Moreno Pestaña, José Luis; Sin departamento asociado
This article explores the concepts of economic exploitation and cultural exploitation. To do so, it first proposes a broad concept of exploitationin contrast to those who restrict exploitation to the exclusive sphere of economics. Second, it defends the persistence of forms of exploitation analogous to those of pre-capitalist modes of production. At this point, the difference between economic exploitation and cultural exploitation is established. The conclusion outlines strategies for confronting both types of exploitation.
Open Access
Cosificación y plusvalía de código: la cinta de Möbius de la explotación
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Beas, Pablo; Sin departamento asociado
This text departs from the following premise: exploitation is overdetermined by alienation and domination (Balibar, 2017). The article seeks to explore this interrelation by focusing on the effects of the violence that alienation and domination inflict upon the body, as well as on the contradictory possibilities that exploitation itself may offer. In this regard, it engages in dialogue with the works of José Luis Moreno Pestaña (2016, 2026) to outline the contradictory positions occupied by agents within the sphere of exploitation, as shaped by the dynamics of what the author calls “surplus-value of code”. We enter a slippery terrain in which exploitation exposes us to divergent paths: on the one hand, advantages for the exploited insofar as they may close off markets; on the other, grim trajectories in which the violence of the code degrades the bodies of the exploited.
Open Access
El inconsciente ideológico y la explotación: hacia una historia materialista del cuerpo
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2026) Garrido, Violeta; Sin departamento asociado
The article explores the theory of the ideological unconscious, as proposed by the Spanish literary critic Juan Carlos Rodríguez, in search of conceptual tools with which to shed light on the historical transformations of the human body. Starting from the Marxist paradigm of the mode of production and extraction of surplus labour or product, the author presents a dynamic model for understanding the body, which is particularly evident in cultural texts. To clarify the scope of his work, the article first compares Rodríguez’s position with phenomenology, before setting out his interpretation of the feudal and bourgeois bodies.