Publication: Análisis integral del impacto competitivo en dos deportes de salón: baloncesto y voleibol
Authors
Miguel Ortega, Álvaro
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Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
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Calleja González, Julio ; Mielgo Ayuso, Juan
Publisher
Universidad de Murcia
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Description
Tesis por compendio de publicaciones
Abstract
La participación femenina en el deporte ha aumentado significativamente, lo que permite disfrutar de sus beneficios. Sin embargo, la práctica deportiva puede acarrear riesgos como sobre entrenamiento o problemas de salud, especialmente en deportes que priorizan la delgadez y el control del peso, aumentando el riesgo de deterioro de la salud y el rendimiento deportivo por no cubrir las necesidades nutricionales. Las necesidades nutricionales y los riesgos varían según el deporte, siendo mayores en aquellos con presión social por la delgadez o donde la adolescencia coincide con la edad de rendimiento. Aunque se investiga la nutrición en deportes de alto riesgo, se presta menos atención al baloncesto y al voleibol, considerados de riesgo bajo y medio respectivamente. Objetivo: analizar y contrastar las necesidades de ingesta y energía, la composición corporal, las medidas del cuerpo, las reacciones de las hormonas, el estrés y la capacidad física entre atletas mujeres de dos deportes de equipo distintos, pero con similitudes. Metodología: Los datos recogidos incluían medidas de altura y peso, que permitían conocer las características físicas de los participantes. Además, se recogió información sobre la cantidad de tiempo que cada participante dedicaba al entrenamiento. También se registró la ingesta de energía, lo que arrojó luz sobre los hábitos nutricionales y los patrones dietéticos generales de los participantes. A mayores, los participantes se sometieron a una serie de pruebas para evaluar diversos aspectos de su forma física. Entre ellas, pruebas de fuerza para medir la potencia y la capacidad muscular, pruebas de velocidad para medir la velocidad (de reacción y cíclica máxima), prueba de agilidad para evaluar la coordinación y el equilibrio, y prueba de resistencia para determinar la resistencia cardiovascular y muscular. Resultados y conclusiones: Los deportes intermitentes demandan habilidades específicas. El consumo de carbohidratos mejora la capacidad en el ejercicio intermitente de alta intensidad, aunque su efecto en esprint, agilidad y regate es variable. Tiene efectos mínimos en salto y cognición. Se ha observado que las deportistas presentan una baja disponibilidad de energía, ya que ni siquiera cumplen con las recomendaciones energéticas actuales para mujeres físicamente activas. Esta baja disponibilidad afecta a su composición corporal, medidas corporales así a su respuesta hormonal ante el estrés que afecta a su rendimiento físico.
The increased participation of women in sport has allowed them to enjoy its many benefits. However, practising sport can carry risks, such as overtraining and health problems. This is particularly true of sports that prioritise thinness and weight control, as not meeting nutritional needs can lead to deteriorating health and athletic performance. The nutritional needs and risks vary depending on the sport, being greater in sports where there is social pressure to be thin or where adolescence coincides with the age of peak performance. Although the nutrition of those participating in high-risk sports is being researched, less attention is being paid to basketball and volleyball, which are of medium and insignificant risk, respectively. Objective: to analyse and compare the nutritional intake, energy requirements, body composition, body measurements, hormonal responses, stress levels, and physical capacity of female athletes from two similar but different team sports. Methodology: Data was collected on height and weight, providing information on the participants' physical characteristics. In addition, the amount of time each participant spent training was recorded. Energy intake was also recorded to shed light on the participants' overall nutritional habits and dietary patterns. Participants also underwent a series of tests to assess various aspects of their physical fitness. These included strength tests to measure muscle power and capacity, speed tests to measure reaction and maximum cyclic speed, agility tests to assess coordination and balance, and endurance tests to determine cardiovascular and muscular endurance. Results and conclusions: Intermittent sports require specific skills. Consuming carbohydrates improves performance in high-intensity intermittent exercise, although the effect on sprinting, agility and dribbling is variable. It has minimal effects on jumping and cognitive function. Female athletes have been observed to have low energy availability, often failing to meet the current energy recommendations for physically active women. This affects their body composition, body measurements, and hormonal response to stress, thereby impacting their physical performance.
The increased participation of women in sport has allowed them to enjoy its many benefits. However, practising sport can carry risks, such as overtraining and health problems. This is particularly true of sports that prioritise thinness and weight control, as not meeting nutritional needs can lead to deteriorating health and athletic performance. The nutritional needs and risks vary depending on the sport, being greater in sports where there is social pressure to be thin or where adolescence coincides with the age of peak performance. Although the nutrition of those participating in high-risk sports is being researched, less attention is being paid to basketball and volleyball, which are of medium and insignificant risk, respectively. Objective: to analyse and compare the nutritional intake, energy requirements, body composition, body measurements, hormonal responses, stress levels, and physical capacity of female athletes from two similar but different team sports. Methodology: Data was collected on height and weight, providing information on the participants' physical characteristics. In addition, the amount of time each participant spent training was recorded. Energy intake was also recorded to shed light on the participants' overall nutritional habits and dietary patterns. Participants also underwent a series of tests to assess various aspects of their physical fitness. These included strength tests to measure muscle power and capacity, speed tests to measure reaction and maximum cyclic speed, agility tests to assess coordination and balance, and endurance tests to determine cardiovascular and muscular endurance. Results and conclusions: Intermittent sports require specific skills. Consuming carbohydrates improves performance in high-intensity intermittent exercise, although the effect on sprinting, agility and dribbling is variable. It has minimal effects on jumping and cognitive function. Female athletes have been observed to have low energy availability, often failing to meet the current energy recommendations for physically active women. This affects their body composition, body measurements, and hormonal response to stress, thereby impacting their physical performance.
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Voleibol , Baloncesto , Ergogenia , Recuperación , Rendimiento , Comparación , Ingesta , Comparison , Volleybal , Basketball , Ergogenic , Recovery , Perfomance , Ingestion
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