Publication: Vulnerabilidad corporal y discriminación grupal por razón de discapacidad: acordes y desacuerdos.
Authors
Álvarez del Cuvillo, Antonio
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Colex
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.69592/2952-1955-EXTRA-DICIEMBRE-2025-ART-3
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Description
Abstract
El presente trabajo analiza la particular articulación entre la vulnerabilidad corporal y la discriminación grupal por razón de discapacidad, con el propósito de clarificar las tensiones conceptuales y normativas que caracterizan esta materia. A partir de la distinción entre vulnerabilidad primaria —derivada de la corporalidad humana— y vulnerabilidad social o grupal —producida por los procesos clasificatorios —, se examina cómo la discapacidad se sitúa en la intersección entre estos dos campos. Esta doble dimensión genera un campo de fricción entre dos lógicas jurídicas complementarias, pero potencialmente contradictorias: la lógica de la equiparación, orientada a remover las barreras sociales y garantizar la igualdad de oportunidades, y la lógica de la protección, dirigida a atender las necesidades materiales y asistenciales derivadas de las deficiencias corporales. El estudio defiende que la atención jurídica a la discapacidad exige una integración equilibrada de ambas perspectivas, de manera que la remoción de obstáculos no oculte las necesidades de cuidado, ni la protección derive en paternalismo o segregación. A partir de este enfoque teórico se plantean soluciones concretas a los problemas relativos a la identificación de discriminaciones directas e indirectas, la interpretación del requisito esencial o determinante como excepción a la paridad de trato, la ponderación de intereses en los ajustes razonables, el diseño de las medidas de igualdad de oportunidades, así como la compatibilidad o incompatibilidad entre el trabajo asalariado y la calificación de incapacidad laboral permanente por parte de la seguridad social.
Abstract: This paper examines the specific interplay between bodily vulnerability and group-based discrimination on the grounds of disability, with the aim of clarifying the conceptual and normative tensions that characterize this field. Drawing on the distinction between primary vulnerability—stemming from human corporeality—and social or group vulnerability—produced by classificatory processes—it explores how disability lies at the intersection of these two dimensions. This dual nature gives rise to a field of friction between two complementary yet potentially conflicting legal logics: the logic of equalization, aimed at removing social barriers and ensuring equal opportunities, and the logic of protection, directed towards addressing the material and welfare needs arising from bodily impairments.The study argues that the legal treatment of disability requires a balanced integration of both perspectives, so that the removal of obstacles does not obscure the need for care, nor protection degenerate into paternalism or segregation. From this theoretical standpoint, the paper proposes specific solutions to issues concerning the identification of direct and indirect discrimination, the interpretation of the “genuine and determining occupational requirement” as an exception to equal treatment, the balancing of interests in the implementation of reasonable accommodation, the design of equality-of-opportunity measures, as well as the compatibility or incompatibility between wage labour and the classification of permanent incapacity under social security.
Abstract: This paper examines the specific interplay between bodily vulnerability and group-based discrimination on the grounds of disability, with the aim of clarifying the conceptual and normative tensions that characterize this field. Drawing on the distinction between primary vulnerability—stemming from human corporeality—and social or group vulnerability—produced by classificatory processes—it explores how disability lies at the intersection of these two dimensions. This dual nature gives rise to a field of friction between two complementary yet potentially conflicting legal logics: the logic of equalization, aimed at removing social barriers and ensuring equal opportunities, and the logic of protection, directed towards addressing the material and welfare needs arising from bodily impairments.The study argues that the legal treatment of disability requires a balanced integration of both perspectives, so that the removal of obstacles does not obscure the need for care, nor protection degenerate into paternalism or segregation. From this theoretical standpoint, the paper proposes specific solutions to issues concerning the identification of direct and indirect discrimination, the interpretation of the “genuine and determining occupational requirement” as an exception to equal treatment, the balancing of interests in the implementation of reasonable accommodation, the design of equality-of-opportunity measures, as well as the compatibility or incompatibility between wage labour and the classification of permanent incapacity under social security.
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Citation
Álvarez del Cuvillo, A. (2026) “Vulnerabilidad corporal y discriminación grupal por razón de discapacidad: acordes y desacuerdos”, Revista Justicia & Trabajo, (5), p. 43. doi:10.69592/2952-1955-EXTRA-DICIEMBRE-2025-ART-3
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