Publication: El trabajo en la agricultura industrial. El caso de EE.UU.
Authors
Martin, Philip
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Editora Regional de Murcia
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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Abstract
La producción de frutas, nueces y bayas, hortalizas y melones y otras especialidades hortícolas que van desde los cultivos bajo invernadero a los árboles de Navidad, champiñones y césped (agricultura FVH), ejemplifica la agricultura industrial estadounidense, en el sentido de que las ventas por unidad de producción son mayores que la media, los trabajadores asalariados hacen la mayor parte del trabajo y la mayoría de éstos son inmigrantes. Históricamente, la agricultura industrial se asociaba a regiones específicas no a productos particulares. Los estados del sudoeste en los que se desarrolló la agricultura a partir de 1870, gracias al riego y a las infraestructuras de transporte, elaboraron las características básicas del mercado de trabajo de la agricultura industrial; esto es, contratistas o capataces bilingües de trabajo agrícola (FLCs) que organicen a los trabajadores en cuadrillas para emplearlos en trabajos agrícolas temporales, trabajadores (in)migrantes quienes no tienen otra opción para trabajar en los EE.UU. y que aceptan el hecho de que serán pagados sólo si hay trabajo disponible, y empleados agrícolas que se organizan para tratar con el Gobierno en materia de trabajo e inmigración.
The production of fruits, nut and berries, vegetables and melons and horticultural specialties that range from nursery and greenhouse crops to Christmas trees, mushrooms, and sod (FVH agriculture) exemplifies US industrial agriculture, in the sense that sales per production unit are larger than average, hired workers do most of the work, and most of the hired workers are immigrants. Historically, industrial agriculture was associated with particular regions, not particular commodities. The southwestern states in which agriculture developed after 1870 after irrigation and transportation infrastructure were available developed the basic features of the labor market in industrial in agriculture, viz., bilingual middlemen farm labor contractors (FLCs) to organize workers into crews and deploy them to seasonal farm jobs, (im)migrant workers who had no other US job options who accepted the fact that they would be paid only when work was available, and farm employers who organized themselves to deal with government on labor and immigration issues.
The production of fruits, nut and berries, vegetables and melons and horticultural specialties that range from nursery and greenhouse crops to Christmas trees, mushrooms, and sod (FVH agriculture) exemplifies US industrial agriculture, in the sense that sales per production unit are larger than average, hired workers do most of the work, and most of the hired workers are immigrants. Historically, industrial agriculture was associated with particular regions, not particular commodities. The southwestern states in which agriculture developed after 1870 after irrigation and transportation infrastructure were available developed the basic features of the labor market in industrial in agriculture, viz., bilingual middlemen farm labor contractors (FLCs) to organize workers into crews and deploy them to seasonal farm jobs, (im)migrant workers who had no other US job options who accepted the fact that they would be paid only when work was available, and farm employers who organized themselves to deal with government on labor and immigration issues.
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