Publication: La protección jurídica frente a la discriminación por discapacidad y enfermedad análisis de la carga probatoria.
Authors
Cuadros Garrido, María Elisa
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.69592/2952-1955-EXTRA-DICIEMBRE-2025-ART-2
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
La cuestión nuclear del estudio se centra en la identificación de las categorías sospechosas de discriminación, ora por discapacidad, ora por enfermedad y cómo se concreta esta protección en relación con los efectos sobre la práctica de la prueba. Se analizará que, en discapacidad, la vara de medir la tienen dos elementos determinantes: los ajustes razonables y el juego de la presunción, y que es del todo imperativo que la empresa realice el acomodo en los supuestos que la persona trabajadora sea discapacitada y se tenga conocimiento o debiera tenerlo, si no la presunción en contra juega a favor. Ciertamente, de ello depende el resultado del proceso. Mientras que en los incipientes procesos discriminatorios por enfermedad desde la Ley 15/2022, el protagonismo total lo tiene la carga de la prueba sobre la empresa, ya que los indicios de discriminación suelen entenderse cumplidos con la prueba documental de un proceso de incapacidad temporal o algo similar. Con ello se restaura una antigua doctrina del TS que, quizás, nunca debió dejar de existir.
Abstract: The core question of the study focuses on the identification of the categories suspected of discrimination, either due to disability or due to illness, and how this protection is specified in relation to the effects on the taking of the test. We will see that in disability the yardstick has two determining elements: reasonable adjustments and the presumption, and that it is absolutely imperative that the company makes the accommodation in the cases that the worker is disabled and is aware of it or should have it, otherwise the presumption against it works in favour of the worker. Certainly, the result of the process depends on it. While in the incipient discriminatory processes due to illness since Law 15/2022, the total prominence is given to the burden of proof on the company since the signs of discrimination are usually understood to be fulfilled with documentary evidence of a temporary disability process or something similar. This restores an ancient doctrine of the TS that, perhaps, should never have ceased to exist.
Abstract: The core question of the study focuses on the identification of the categories suspected of discrimination, either due to disability or due to illness, and how this protection is specified in relation to the effects on the taking of the test. We will see that in disability the yardstick has two determining elements: reasonable adjustments and the presumption, and that it is absolutely imperative that the company makes the accommodation in the cases that the worker is disabled and is aware of it or should have it, otherwise the presumption against it works in favour of the worker. Certainly, the result of the process depends on it. While in the incipient discriminatory processes due to illness since Law 15/2022, the total prominence is given to the burden of proof on the company since the signs of discrimination are usually understood to be fulfilled with documentary evidence of a temporary disability process or something similar. This restores an ancient doctrine of the TS that, perhaps, should never have ceased to exist.
Citation
Cuadros Garrido, E. (2026) “La protección jurídica frente a la discriminación por discapacidad y enfermedad: análisis de la carga probatoria”, Revista Justicia & Trabajo, (5), p. 19. doi:10.69592/2952-1955-EXTRA-DICIEMBRE-2025-ART-2
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