Publication: La falacia del No True Scotsman y los fines que justifican los medios: Javier Milei en la prensa liberal española.
Authors
Bermúdez, Fernando
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Publisher
INLIMA. Instituto de Lingüística Materialista.
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Este artículo examina las fracturas internas del liberalismo contemporáneo mediante el análisis crítico del discurso de cómo dos medios españoles ideológicamente afines construyen representaciones divergentes del presidente argentino Javier Milei. A través del análisis de diez artículos (2024-2025) de El Español y El Economista, desentrañamos estrategias discursivas que revelan una batalla hegemónica sobre la naturaleza del liberalismo actual. El Español despliega una falacia del “No True Scotsman”, construyendo a Milei como amenaza inauténtica mediante, entre otras cosas, léxico descalificador ("farsante", "autoritario") y analogías con Chávez y Mussolini, preservando así un liberalismo ilustrado y democrático. Inversamente, El Economista abraza una lógica pragmática del "fin que justifica los medios", legitimando a Milei mediante narrativas tecnocráticas que priorizan indicadores cuantificables sobre consideraciones normativas. Esta divergencia expone la tensión constitutiva entre un liberalismo como tradición política con fundamentos morales versus un liberalismo instrumental validado exclusivamente por resultados. Milei funciona como operador simbólico transnacional que obliga a los medios europeos a rearticular marcos ideológicos, revelando contradicciones latentes en el proyecto neoliberal.
Abstract: This article examines the internal fractures of contemporary liberalism through critical discourse analysis of how two ideologically aligned Spanish media outlets construct divergent representations of Argentine President Javier Milei. Through the analysis of ten articles (2024-2025) from El Español and El Economista, we unravel discursive strategies that reveal a hegemonic battle over the nature of contemporary liberalism. El Español deploys a No True Scotsman fallacy, constructing Milei as an inauthentic threat through, among other things, disqualifying lexicon ("impostor," "authoritarian") and analogies with Chávez and Mussolini, thereby preserving an enlightened and democratic liberalism. Conversely, El Economista embraces a pragmatic logic of "ends justify the means," legitimizing Milei through technocratic narratives that prioritize quantifiable indicators over normative considerations. This divergence exposes the constitutive tension between liberalism as a political tradition with moral foundations versus instrumental liberalism validated exclusively by results. Milei functions as a transnational symbolic operator that compels European media to rearticulate ideological frameworks, revealing latent contradictions in the neoliberal project.
Abstract: This article examines the internal fractures of contemporary liberalism through critical discourse analysis of how two ideologically aligned Spanish media outlets construct divergent representations of Argentine President Javier Milei. Through the analysis of ten articles (2024-2025) from El Español and El Economista, we unravel discursive strategies that reveal a hegemonic battle over the nature of contemporary liberalism. El Español deploys a No True Scotsman fallacy, constructing Milei as an inauthentic threat through, among other things, disqualifying lexicon ("impostor," "authoritarian") and analogies with Chávez and Mussolini, thereby preserving an enlightened and democratic liberalism. Conversely, El Economista embraces a pragmatic logic of "ends justify the means," legitimizing Milei through technocratic narratives that prioritize quantifiable indicators over normative considerations. This divergence exposes the constitutive tension between liberalism as a political tradition with moral foundations versus instrumental liberalism validated exclusively by results. Milei functions as a transnational symbolic operator that compels European media to rearticulate ideological frameworks, revealing latent contradictions in the neoliberal project.
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Citation
Refracción, n. 13, 2026, p. 68-99.
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