Publication: Reconversión productiva en Yucatán, México: De maíz y pastizales a soja
Authors
Echánove Huacuja, Flavia
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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Abstract
La soja en el estado de Yucatán, México, es un cultivo relativamente nuevo (a partir de 2009) que, sin embargo, se ha expandido aceleradamente en tierras anteriormente sembradas con maíz y
pastizales para ganadería, en el marco de un proceso de reconversión productiva. El presente artículo
tiene como objetivo el estudio de las causas o factores que han motivado dicha expansión, así como
sus efectos en la estructura agraria y productiva de Yucatán, todo lo cual implica el análisis de las
políticas agrícolas y los incentivos de mercado a diferentes escalas (local–global). Siguiendo una
metodología tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa, uno de los hallazgos de la investigación reveló la
existencia de importantes diferencias entre las dos regiones productoras de dicho grano, el Oriente y
el Sur, entre las cuales figura la tipología de sus productores. Así, mientras en la primera región el cultivo de la soja es empresarial, en la segunda prevalecen grandes productores (ejidatarios), que rentan las tierras de los ejidos sureños, pasando los arrendadores a una situación de “exclusión productiva”. Sin ser el objetivo central, también se señalan los efectos negativos que el cultivo de la soja ha tenido en diversos ámbitos (medio ambiente, biodiversidad, deforestación, salud humana y animal), así como en la economía de los apicultores yucatecos.
Soybeans in the state of Yucatan, Mexico, is a relatively new crop (as of 2009) that, however, has expanded rapidly on previously cultivated areas with corn and pastures for livestock. The objective of this article is to study the causes or factors that have motivated this expansion, as well as its effects on the agrarian and productive structure of Yucatan, all of which implies the analysis of agricultural policies and market incentives at different scales (local-global). Based on a qualitative and quantitative methodology, one of the findings of the investigation revealed the existence of important differences between the two producing regions of this grain, the East and he South, among which is the typology of its producers, since while in the first the cultivation of soy is entreprenurial, the second prevails large producers (ejidatarios), who lease the lands of the southern ejidos, entering the landlords to a process of "productive exclusion". Without being the central objective, the negative effects that the cultivation of soybean has had in different areas (environment, biodiversity, deforestation, human and animal health), as well as the impact on Yucatan beekeepers are also pointed out.
Soybeans in the state of Yucatan, Mexico, is a relatively new crop (as of 2009) that, however, has expanded rapidly on previously cultivated areas with corn and pastures for livestock. The objective of this article is to study the causes or factors that have motivated this expansion, as well as its effects on the agrarian and productive structure of Yucatan, all of which implies the analysis of agricultural policies and market incentives at different scales (local-global). Based on a qualitative and quantitative methodology, one of the findings of the investigation revealed the existence of important differences between the two producing regions of this grain, the East and he South, among which is the typology of its producers, since while in the first the cultivation of soy is entreprenurial, the second prevails large producers (ejidatarios), who lease the lands of the southern ejidos, entering the landlords to a process of "productive exclusion". Without being the central objective, the negative effects that the cultivation of soybean has had in different areas (environment, biodiversity, deforestation, human and animal health), as well as the impact on Yucatan beekeepers are also pointed out.
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