Publication: CD34+ stromal cells/fibroblasts/fibrocytes/telocytes as a tissue reserve and a principal source of mesenchymal cells. Location, morphology, function and role in pathology
Authors
Díaz-Flores, L. ; Gutiérrez, R. ; García, M. P. ; Sáez, F.J. ; Díaz-Flores Jr., L. ; Valladares, F. ; Madrid Cuevas, Juan Francisco
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Publisher
F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
We review the morphofunctional
characteristics of CD34+ stromal fibroblastic/fibrocytic
cells (CD34+ SFCs) and report our observations. We
consider the following aspects of CD34+ SFCs: A) The
confusing terms applied to this cell type, often
combining the prefix CD34 with numerous names,
including fibroblasts, fibrocytes, dendrocytes,
keratocytes, telocytes and stromal, dendritic, adventitial,
supraadventitial, perivascular, paravascular and
delimiting cells; B) Changes in their immunophenotype,
e.g., loss of CD34 expression and gain of other markers,
such as those defining mesenchymal and derivate cells
(myofibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes);
C) Morphology (elongated or triangular cell body and
thin, moniliform, bipolar or multipolar cytoplasmic
processes), immunohistochemistry (co-expression of and
changes in molecular expression) and structure
(characteristics of nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles,
and points of contact and junctions in quiescent and
activated stages by light and electron microscopy); D)
Location and distribution in the vessels (adventitia or
external layer), in the tissues (connective, adipose,
blood, muscle and nervous) and in the organs and
systems (skin, oral cavity and oropharynx, respiratory,
digestive, urinary, male, female, endocrine and lymphoid
systems, serosal and synovial membranes, heart, eye and
meninges); E) Origin from the mesoderm and cranial
neural crest in the embryo, and from stem cells
(themselves or other cells) and/or peripheral blood
pluripotent stem cells (circulating progenitor cells) in
post-natal life; F) Functions, such as synthesis of
different molecules, progenitor of mesenchymal cells,
immunomodulation, parenchymal regulation (growth,
maturation and differentiation of adjacent cells),
induction of angiogenesis, scaffolding support of other
cells and phagocytic properties. Since CD34+ SFCs are
the main reservoir of tissue mesenchymal cells (great
mesenchymal potential, probably higher than that
proposed for pericytes and other stromal cells), we
dedicate a broad section to explain their in vivo
behaviour during proliferation and differentiation in
different physiologic and pathologic conditions, in
addition to their characteristics in the human tissues of
origin (adult stem cell niches); G) Involvement in
pathological processes, e.g., repair (regeneration and
repair through granulation tissue), fibrosis, tumour
stroma formation and possible CD34+ SFC-derived
tumours (e.g., solitary fibrous tumour, dermatofibrosarcoma
protuberans, giant cell fibroblastoma,
nuchal-type fibroma, mammary and extramammary
myofibroblastoma, spindle and pleomorphic cell lipoma,
and elastofibroma) and H) Clinical and therapeutic
implications.
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Citation
Histology and Histopathology, Vol. 29, nº7 (2014)
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