Browsing by Subject "Thyroid"

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    Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for evaluation of the thyroid gland
    (Wiley, 2014-06-01) Cepero Calvete, Ángela; Berná Mestre, Juan de Dios; Rodriguez Gonzalez, José Manuel; Sáez Martinez, Elena; Torregrosa Sala, Begoña; Rios Zambudio, Antonio; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
    To study acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging as a new quantitative and noninvasive tool for evaluating thyroid nodules and to compare ARFI imaging with other tools for studying thyroid nodules: sonography, real-time elastography, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. We conducted a prospective study from June 2011 to June 2012, which analyzed 157 thyroid nodules (129 benign and 28 malignant) using the ARFI technique and a 9-MHz probe. Shear wave velocities (SWVs) were obtained while the patients held their breath to avoid respiratory movement artifacts. All nodules underwent conventional sonography and real-time elastography of the thyroid gland. All patients received either a cytologic examination using fine-needle aspiration biopsy or a histologic examination from thyroid surgery to verify the diagnosis (reference standard). The mean SWV ± SD on ARFI imaging in healthy, nodule-free thyroid glands was 2.04 ± 0.51 m/s (range, 0.76–3.63 m/s). The mean SWV in benign thyroid nodules was 1.70 ± 0.55 m/s (range, 0.50–2.80 m/s), and the mean SWV in malignant nodules was 3.39 ± 1.15 m/s (range, 1.50–6.08 m/s). When we used an SWV greater than 2.50 m/s for the diagnosis of malignant nodules and less than 2.50 m/s for the diagnosis of benign nodules, the sensitivity and specificity of ARFI imaging were 85.7% and 96.0%, respectively. We found that SWVs were substantially higher in malignant nodules than benign ones. Perhaps if ARFI imaging is used in conjunction with sonographic findings and patient demographics, it will be possible to find a combination of factors that would yield a negative predictive value high enough to distinguish benign from malignant nodules with confidence, which may lead to a decrease in the biopsy rate for benign nodules.
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    Diagnóstico de metástasis ganglionares de carcinoma papilar tiroideo midiendo tiroglobulina en la aguja de la punción. Cálculo de punto de corte optimo en nuestra serie
    (Elsevier, 2024-07-23) García-Molina, Francisco; Aguera-Sánchez, Alfonso; Peña-Ros, Emilio; Ruiz-Marín, Miguel; Martínez-Pérez, Matias; Chaves-Benito, Asunción; Martínez Díaz, Francisco; Arense Gonzalo, Julián Jesús; Oftalmología, Optometría, Otorrinolaringología y Anatomía Patológica
    La citología por punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) de ganglios sospechosos cervicales de origen incierto es frecuentemente no concluyente y da falsos negativos. Para evaluar la utilidad de medir tiroglobulina en el lavado con suero fisiológico de la aguja de punción para el diagnóstico de metástasis de carcinoma papilar de tiroides, debe calcularse un punto de corte óptimo de tiroglobulina siendo positivo o negativo según los niveles de tiroglobulina fueran superiores o inferiores al punto de corte, respectivamente. Hemos estudiado retrospectivamente 33 pacientes (19 mujeres y 14 varones) de edad media de 49,3 años, con carcinoma papilar de tiroides y sospecha de metástasis ganglionar. De ellos 16 (47,1%) tuvieron una citología de la PAAF positiva. Para determinar la capacidad predictiva de tiroglobulina respecto a metástasis de carcinoma papilar de tiroides se realizó el análisis ROC que dio un área bajo la curva AUC: 0,987 (IC 95%: 0,808-1,000) obteniendo, a partir del índice de Youden, 0,4 ng/ml como punto de corte de tiroglobulina que mejor capacidad predictiva posee. El estudio de la relación entre tiroglobulina y la conservación/no conservación del tiroides mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,023). Nuestros resultados validan 0,4 ng/ml de tiroglobulina como punto de corte óptimo. Al revisar la bibliografía se ve la gran diversidad de los valores de punto de corte, que se explican por la gran variabilidad interobservador e interensayo principalmente, es por ello que recomendamos calcular el punto de corte óptimo propio de cada laboratorio; y determinar en estudios posteriores dos puntos de corte según se conserve o no tiroides.
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    Down Regulation of hypertrophied follicular cell volume in thyroid hyperplastic gland
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1989) Rognoni, J. B.; Penel, C.; Bastiani, P.; Roccabianca, M.; Lemarchand-Beraud, Th.
    In the present study, changes in thyroid follilucar cell volume and its regulation have been investigated during the early involution of a hyperplastic goitre. Male Wistar rats were aministered an iodine deficient diet for 6 months with propylthiouracil (PTU, 0.15%) during the last two months. At the end of the iodine deficiency (day 0), some rats were killed and the others received a normal iodine diet. These rats were killed after different periods of iodine refeeding. Thyroid follicular cell volume was very high in hyperplastic gland whereas thyroid protein concentration was low. Thyroid follicular cell volume quickly decreased when rats where normally iodine refed, whereas thyroid protein concentration increased. Electron microscopical observations showed that thyroid follicular cells retained their endocrine aspect in hyperplastic state and throughout the iodine refeeding period. Using concomitant stereological and biochemical techniques, it is shown that the amount of cellular iodide and an unknown iodinated compound strongly increased during the early iodine refeeding. Plasma TSH was high on day 0 and remained at this level until day 8 whereas Plasma T3 and T4 were low on day 0 and remained at this low level until day 4. The present data show that the involution of thyroid follicular cell volume is induced by iodide and mediated by an iodinated compound at least in the initial phase, and is independent of plasma TSH, T3, T4, so indicating the involvement of a thyroid autoregulatory mechanism. These changes in cell volume may be of importance in ion transport, i.e. in the metabolism of thyroid follicular cell during the early involution of the hyperplastic goitre.
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    Effect of neonatal treatment with MSG (Monosodium glutamate) on thyroid of the adult male rats
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1999) Miskowiak, B.; Partyka, M.
    Monosodium glutamate (MSG), administered to newborn rats produces extensive lesions in neurons of the arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus. The cells represent the site of neurohormone production, including the production of both growth-hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin. Studies were performed on male Wistar strain rats, subcutaneously injected with MSG, at 4 mglg body weight, on days 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 of life. When the rats reached the age of 18 months, they were additionally stimulated with a single dose of TSH (Ambinon). When the rats reached the age of 6, 12, or 18 months, their thyroids were isolated and fixed in Bouin's solution. In HE-stained preparations, planimetric and volumetric proportions occupied by the epithelia1 fraction, colloid and stroma, the number of thyroid follicles per mm2 and the thickness of epithelium were determined. Serum T3 and T4 levels were quantified by RIA. Significance of differences was tested using Student's t test. The weight of experimental rat thyroids showed no significant variations as compared to the controls but were greatest in the group of 12-month-old rats. The same was noted for the volumetric fractions of epithelium, colloid and stroma. The planimetric fractions occupied by epithelium, colloid and stroma in the thyroid remained unchanged and amounted to 60%, 31 % and 9%, respectively. The number of follicles per mm2 thyroid cross-section in the MSG-treated 6-, 12- or 18- month-old rats was 131.3, 116.2 and 130.4, respectively, and did not differ from control values. Thickness of follicular epithelium showed no significant variations. Serum T3 levels in the rats examined after 6, 12 or 18 months were increased by 67%, 89% and 33%, respectively, as compared to serum T4 levels. When compared to the controls, the serum T4 level was lower only in the 12-month-old MSG-treated rats and the serum T3 level was higher in 18-month-old MSG-treated rats. The ability of the thyroid to respond to Ambinon stimulation was preserved. The results of our investigations suggest that the rat hypothalamic centers involved in regulation of the pituitary-thyroid axis are slightly affected by neonatal administration of MSG.
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    Expression of glutamine metabolism-related proteins in Hürthle cell neoplasm of thyroid: Comparison with follicular neoplasm
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Cha, Yoon Jin; Jang, Haerin; Koo, Ja Seung
    Purpose. We evaluated the expression of glutaminolysis-related proteins in Hurthle cell neoplasms (HCN) and follicular neoplasms (FN) of the thyroid, and investigated its clinical implication. Methods. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 264 FNs (112 follicular carcinomas [FCs] and 152 follicular adenomas [FAs]) and 108 HCNs (27 Hurthle cell carcinomas [HCCs] and 81 Hurthle cell adenomas [HCAs]. The immunohistochemical staining result of 3 glutaminolysis-related proteins (Glutaminase 1 [GLS1], glutaminate dehydrogenase [GDH] and alanine- serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 [ASCT2]) was analyzed. Results. GLS1 and GDH showed significantly higher expression rates in HCN compared to FN (P<0.001). More HCN cases showed co-positivity of multiple glutaminolysis-related proteins than those of FN cases (P<0.001). In silico analysis, both GLUD1 and GLUD2 showed higher expression rate in HCA compared to FA (P=0.027 and P=0.018, respectively). SLC1A5 expression was highest in HCA, followed by FC and FA (HCA vs FC, P=0.023; FC vs FA, P=0.002). Conclusion. FN and HCN exhibit a different expression pattern for glutaminolysis-related proteins, and GLS1 and GDH have higher expression rates in HCN and FN.
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    Immunoexpression of the CD30 ligand-CD30 and IL-6-IL-6R signals in thyroid autoimmune diseases
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Ruggeri, R.M.; Barresi, G.; Sciacchitano, S.; Trimarchi, F.; Benvenga, S.; Trovato, M.
    To elucidate the role of Th2 cytokines in autoimmune thyroid diseases, we have studied by immunohistochemistry the expression of two Th2 ligand/receptor systems (CD30-L/CD30 and IL-6/IL-6R) in goitrous Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). A total number of 50 nodular goiters (NG), including 10 GD showing a lymphoid aggregate grade I, 30 HT 8 of which had a lymphoid aggregate of grade I, 12 of grade II and 10 grade III, and 10 colloid goiters have been evaluated. In addition, 5 normal thyroids were included in the study as controls. Reactivity of ligand and cognate receptor of both CD30-L/CD30 and IL-6/IL-6R pathways was observed in a greater proportion of GD, compared to HT (P<0.005). In HT, the expression of CD30-L/CD30 system was detected more frequently than IL-6/IL-6R (P<0.05) and showed an inverse correlation with the grade of lymphoid aggregate, whereas IL-6/IL-6R correlated positively with lymphocyte infiltration (P<0.05). Based on our results concerning a dominance of Th2 cytokines in GD, we postulate that CD30-L/CD30 and IL-6/IL-6R systems could play a major role in the pathogenesis of GD. However, the expression of CD30L/CD30 and IL-6/IL-6R in HT suggests that Th2 mechanisms are involved also in tissue damage of HT. The two systems could contribute to drive the autoimmune response skewing toward a Th2 phenotype and this appears to be correlated with the lymphoid aggregate grade.
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    Interobserver agreement for thyroid elastography. Value of the quality factor
    (Wiley, 2013-03-01) Cepero Calvete, Angela; Rodriguez, José Manuel; Berná Mestre, Juan de Dios; Rios, Antonio; Abellán Rivero, Delores; Reus Pintado, Manuel; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
    Objectives—The purpose of our study was to investigate interobserver agreement for thyroid ultrasound elastography and to analyze the reproducibility of real-time free hand elastography in thyroid nodules. Methods—A prospective nonrandomized double-blind study was conducted between September 2008 and June 2010. Real-time elastography of 89 thyroid nodules was performed by two radiologists, with the first radiologist evaluating each thyroid nodule 5 minutes before the second. The elastograms were obtained with the patients holding their breath and considered valid when the quality factor was 50 or higher. The region of interest was positioned to include the nodule and 0.5 cm of surrounding normal thyroid parenchyma but to exclude the carotids and esophageal-tracheal structures. The elastograms were classified on a scale of 5 different patterns. Results—Observers 1 and 2 coincided in 79 elastographic patterns and disagreed on 10 nodules (11.2%). The results between the radiologists had a statistically significant agreement (P < .005), with a κ value of 0.838. Conclusions—The introduction of a quality factor in elastographic software and the selection of elastograms with a quality factor of 50 or higher confer almost perfect interobserver agreement for thyroid nodule elastography and make elastography a reproducible technique that could be used in daily clinical practice.
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    Multiparameter analysis of AgNOR in thyroid lesions: comparison with PCNA expression
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2004) Slowinska-Klencka, D.; Klencki, M.; Popowicz, B.; Sporny, S.; Lewinski, A.
    The aim of the study was to examine numerous features of argyrophilic proteins related to nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in thyroid tumors, relate them to PCNA expression and evaluate which of these features might be useful in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Paraffin sections of 100 thyroid tumors were silver-stained and divided into 9 groups: nodular goiter (NG), simple adenoma (SA), microfollicular adenoma (MFA), follicular carcinoma (FC), follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (PC-F), classical variant of papillary carcinoma (PC-C), Hürthle cell adenoma (HA), Hürthle cell carcinoma (HC), and anaplastic carcinoma (AC). The slides were analyzed with the computerized system for image analysis. A weak correlation was found between PCNA expression and AgNOR size. AC differed significantly from all other examined groups in many features of AgNOR dots. Hürthle cell neoplasms were characterized by the presence of a usually single and relatively large dot. With respect to diagnosing follicular lesions, we found that the evaluation of the total area of dots in the nucleus seemed to be the most useful for discrimination: the assumption of 4.9 µm2, as a cut-off value, allowed a correct classification of 77% of FC cases. Computeraided morphometric analysis of AgNORs may be useful in the diagnostics of thyroid lesions.
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    Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) immunohistochemical expression in follicular cell-derived thyroid tumors: a novel diagnostic tool?
    (F. Hernandez y JuanF. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología., 2012) Barresi, G.; Barresi, Valeria; Ieni, A.; Tuccari, G.
    Discrimination of follicular cell-derived benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid is one of the major problems encountered in surgical pathology. In the present study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of NGAL, an iron-binding protein involved in the infiltrative potential of cancer cells, in a cohort of tumors including 8 follicular adenomas (FA), 2 Hurthle cell adenomas (HA), 2 atypical adenomas (AA), 8 minimally invasive follicular carcinomas (MIFC), 9 widely invasive follicular carcinomas (WIFC), 3 Hurthle cell carcinomas (HC) and 8 papillary carcinomas (PC) with 5 follicular-variant PC (FVPC) and 3 not otherwise specified (PC-NOS). Our goal was to test whether evaluation of NGAL immunoexpression may be of use in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid neoplasias. 92% of benign tumors (specificity) were negative for NGAL, whereby NGAL immuno-expression was found in 82% (sensitivity) of malignant tumors, and, specifically, in 100% of MIFC, in 87% of WIFC, in 100% of HC, in 80% of FVPC. None of the PC-NOS displayed NGAL staining. When only tumors with a follicular architecture were considered, NGAL specificity for malignant lesions was 92%; sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 92%, 96% and 85%. Diagnostic accuracy of NGAL expression in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant follicular tumors was 92%. In conclusion, NGAL protein seems to represent a marker of malignant follicular cell-derived thyroid tumors, and especially of those with follicular architecture. Hence assessment of its expression might be of use with respect to differential diagnosis from follicular benign neoplasias.
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    Study on impact of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract of Ganoderma applanatum on thyroid and lipid parameters of albino rat
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2021) Dandapat, Sukumar; Srivastava, Rohit; Prasad Sinha, Manoranjan
    Se estudió el impacto de SNP cargadas con extracto de Ganoderma applanatum sobre el perfil tiroideo y lipídico de rata. Las SNP (diámetro medio 58,77 nm; potencial zeta - 3,8) mV se analizaron mediante DLS. La microespectroscopía de infrarrojo con transformada de Fourier proporcionó un pico de transmisión amplio y elevado a 3248,12 cm-1 , que indica la carga bioquímica del extracto de G. applanatum en la superficie de los SNP. No se observó mortalidad ni cambios de comportamiento en la prueba de toxicidad aguda. El grupo-1 recibió 1 mL de agua destilada, el grupo-2 y el grupo-3 recibieron 200 mg kg-1 y 400 mg kg-1 de nanopartículas respectivamente. Una dosis de 400 mg kg-1 de SNPs mostró una mayor actividad hipertiroidea e hipolipidímica en comparación con el control y la dosis de 200 mg kg-1 .
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    Thyroid nodule with arteriovenous malformation: under-recognized cause of increased vascularity
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2013) Lizarralde, Claudio; Díaz Cano, Salvador J.
    Background: Head and neck arterio-venous malformations (AVM) are not frequent lesions and no thyroid cases have been reported to date; as hypervascular nodular lesions, they can be misdiagnosed as malignant. Findings: We present two patients with palpable thyroid nodules with suspicions of malignancy based on the hypervascular imaging findings. Histologically, these lesions were well-defined adenomatous nodules with multiple interconnected blood vessels of variable size, many of them dilated and arranged predominantly at the periphery of the lesions. These findings characterize thyroid AVM in the background of adenomatous nodules. Age-matched euthyroid benign non-infiltrative follicular lesions without vascular component, adenomatous hyperplastic nodules (37) and follicular adenomas (21), during the same period (2 years) were retrieved to evaluate vascular markers. Compared with the non-nodular tissues and controls, the hyperplastic nodules with vascular malformation displayed significant mRNA overexpression for VEGF-A, PDGFA, PDGF-B, and eNOS. Conclusions: Vascular lesions of thyroid gland are rare and they can present as palpable nodules revealing well-defined edges, zonal blood vessel distribution and up-regulation of VEGF-related pathway and eNOS. These findings can help identify the true nature of these lesions.