Publication: Programas de intervención psicológica en procesos de
rehabilitación de lesiones deportivas
Authors
Gómez Espejo, Verónica ; García Mas, Alejandro ; Olmedilla Zafra, Aurelio ; Ortega Toro, Enrique
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Publisher
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.18176/archmeddeporte.00071
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
© 2022 Federación Española de Medicina del Deporte (Femede). This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Archivos de Medicina del Deporte. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.18176/archmeddeporte.00071
Abstract
Introducción: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar las publicaciones respecto de las intervenciones psicológicas
aplicadas en los procesos de rehabilitación de deportistas lesionados hasta el año 2020.
Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos electrónica Web of Science (WoS) de acuerdo
con las líneas de recomendación para revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis de la guía PRISMA. Para ello, se utilizaron los
términos de búsqueda sport injur*, psycho* y rehabilitation. Los criterios de inclusión utilizados fueron: 1) tener como objeto
de estudio la medición de variables psicológicas durante la fase de rehabilitación de una lesión deportiva; 2) ser de carácter
empírico y; 3) la aplicación de un programa de entrenamiento psicológico como parte del tratamiento en la rehabilitación
de la lesión deportiva.
Resultados: Tras aplicar las estrategias de búsqueda, se obtuvieron un total de 394 artículos, de los cuales tras eliminar los
que no cumplían los criterios de exclusión se redujeron a 15 artículos.
Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que los programas de intervención psicológica más utilizados en la rehabilitación
de deportistas lesionados han sido la relajación, la visualización, el establecimiento de objetivos y el Mindfulness. Por su
parte, las variables psicológicas más estudiadas fueron el dolor, la adherencia a la rehabilitación y la autoeficacia. Finalmente,
la aplicación de intervención psicológica en el proceso de rehabilitación del deportista lesionado se mostró eficaz, para el
objetivo que perseguía, en 13 de los 15 trabajos objeto de estudio. ---------------
Introduction: This paper aims to review the publications regarding the psychological interventions applied in the rehabilitation processes of injured athletes until 2020. Material and method: A datasearch were conducted in Web of Science (WoS) databases according to the recommendations and criteria established in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. To do this, the search terms sport injur*, psycho* and rehabilitation were used. The inclusion criteria used were: 1) to have as an object of study the measurement of psychological variables during the rehabilitation phase of a sports injury; 2) be empirical in nature and; 3) the application of a psychological training program as part of the treatment in the rehabilitation of the sports injury. Results: After applying the search strategies, a total of 394 articles were obtained, of which after eliminating those that did not meet the exclusion criteria were reduced to 15 articles. Conclusions: The results show that the most used psychological intervention programs in the rehabilitation of injured athletes have been relaxation, guided imagery, goal-setting and mindfulness. On the other hand, the most studied psychological variables were pain, adherence to rehabilitation and self-efficacy. Finally, the application of psychological intervention in the rehabilitation process of the injured athlete was effective, for the objective pursued, in 13 of the 15 works under study.
Introduction: This paper aims to review the publications regarding the psychological interventions applied in the rehabilitation processes of injured athletes until 2020. Material and method: A datasearch were conducted in Web of Science (WoS) databases according to the recommendations and criteria established in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. To do this, the search terms sport injur*, psycho* and rehabilitation were used. The inclusion criteria used were: 1) to have as an object of study the measurement of psychological variables during the rehabilitation phase of a sports injury; 2) be empirical in nature and; 3) the application of a psychological training program as part of the treatment in the rehabilitation of the sports injury. Results: After applying the search strategies, a total of 394 articles were obtained, of which after eliminating those that did not meet the exclusion criteria were reduced to 15 articles. Conclusions: The results show that the most used psychological intervention programs in the rehabilitation of injured athletes have been relaxation, guided imagery, goal-setting and mindfulness. On the other hand, the most studied psychological variables were pain, adherence to rehabilitation and self-efficacy. Finally, the application of psychological intervention in the rehabilitation process of the injured athlete was effective, for the objective pursued, in 13 of the 15 works under study.
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Citation
Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 2022; Vol. 39(1), N. 207, pp. 26-33
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