Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro

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Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro

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Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología

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Effects of social and affective content on exogenous attention as revealed by event-related potentials
(2019) Torrente, Ginesa; Kosonogov, Vladimir; Carretié, Luis; Carrillo Verdejo, María Eduvigis; Martínez Selva, José María; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
The social content of affective stimuli has been proposed as having an influence on cognitive processing and behaviour. This research was aimed, therefore, at studying whether automatic exogenous attention demanded by affective pictures was related to their social value. We hypothesized that affective social pictures would capture attention to a greater extent than non-social affective stimuli. For this purpose, we recorded event-related potentials in a sample of 24 participants engaged in a digit categorization task. Distracters were affective pictures varying in social content, in addition to affective valence and arousal, which appeared in the background during the task. Our data revealed that pictures depicting high social content captured greater automatic attention than other pictures, as reflected by the greater amplitude and shorter latency of anterior P2, and anterior and posterior N2 components of the ERPs. In addition, social content also provoked greater allocation of processing resources as manifested by P3 amplitude, likely related to the high arousal they elicited. These results extend data from previous research by showing the relevance of the social value of the affective stimuli on automatic attentional processing.
Open Access
Cambios neuropsicológicos asociados al envejecimiento normal
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1998) Román Lapuente, Francisco; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro
Esta revisión ofrece un marco neuropsicológico relacionado con las variaciones tanto a nivel neurobiológico como cognitivo durante el envejecimiento. En la actualidad se cuestiona si el envejecimiento en sí conlleva una serie de cambios neuropsicológicos o si estos cambios pueden estar asociados a diferentes condiciones de salud que tienden a presentarse con más frecuencia en las personas mayores. En general, los trabajos revisados sugieren que el envejecimiento se encuentra asociado a cambios en la morfología, fisiología y bioquímica cerebral. Así mismo, aunque en el funcionamiento cognitivo se ha identificado un declive, éste no parece afectar de forma homogénea a todos los procesos, soliéndose identificar principalmente dificultades relacionadas con la memoria y velocidad de procesamiento.
Open Access
Time course of the neural activity related to behavioral decision-making as revealed by event-related potentials
(Frontiers Media, 2019-09-03) Muñoz, Miguel A; Walteros, César; Montoya, Pedro; Martínez Selva, José María; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
Objective: To study the time course of the electrocortical activity evoked by wins and losses in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), their source localizations, and their relationship with the task performance in order to achieve a better knowledge of the processes that lead to more wins than losses while the task is performed. Method: Event related potentials (ERPs) were obtained from the EEG (64-channel) of 25 participants while they performed the IGT. Source localization analyses of the ERPs were also performed. Results: ERP amplitudes were sensitive to wins and losses and also to the amount of money earned or lost. An early fronto-central negativity was elicited following feedback for both wins and losses, and its amplitude correlated with the number of wins at FCz and with both the number of wins and losses at Cz. The P200 had larger amplitude to losses and correlated positively with the number of losses. Feedback related negativity (FRN) was higher to loss trials in occipital and both left and right temporal electrodes. Frontal FRNs were more negative to loss feedback signals. Loss trials elicited larger P300 magnitudes than wins for all electrode localizations. Conclusions: All the wave components studied, but P300, were related to participants' performance in the IGT. P200 and P300 may reflect a similar process related to the conscious recognition of the error. Long-latency potentials in the time window of 500-600 ms are not related to P200 and P300. Performance data and source analysis underline the importance of the medial prefrontal cortex in loss feedback processing and in the performance of the IGT.
Open Access
Amigdala, corteza prefrontal y especializacion hemisferica en la experiencia y expresion emocional
(Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2004) Román Lapuente, Francisco; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro
Los datos provenientes de la neurociencia señalan a varias estructuras, tanto subcorticales como corticales, relacionadas con la conducta emocional. Tanto los datos derivados de la investigación con sujetos normales como los procedentes de estudios que han empleado pacientes con daño cerebral y técnicas de neuroimagen funcional en sujetos normales, señalan a la amígdala como una estructura fundamental en la emoción, particularmente en la respuesta a estímulos de contenido negativo. Además, una creciente cantidad de estudios han encontrado que diferentes regiones de la corteza prefrontal, concretamente la orbital y medial, participan en distintos aspectos de la emoción. En este artículo revisaremos los datos que se tienen en la actualidad acerca de la implicación de estas estructuras en la conducta emocional así como la especialización hemisférica.
Open Access
Autonomic reactivity in blood-injection-injury and snake phobia
(Elsevier, 2018-12) Maldonado, Enrique F.; Pineda, Sara; Torrente, Ginesa; Carrillo Verdejo, María Eduvigis; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro; Martínez Selva, José María; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
Objective: This research aimed to study the salivary flow and other autonomic reactions -heart rate (HR) and skin conductance response (SCR)- in blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia and snake phobia participants, under the assumption that exposure to blood-related pictures in BII phobia will provoke an increase in parasympathetic activity that, in turn, will lead to a greater saliva production than other affective contents. Methods: We selected 18 BII phobia and 14 snake phobia participants along with 22 non-phobia individuals. All participants were exposed to 3 blocks of pictures (12 pictures per block) depicting either mutilations, snakes or neutral, household objects. Saliva samples were taken in the 2-min interval before and after each block. Results: In comparison to other contents, blood-related pictures provoked an increase in salivary flow in BII phobia participants, as well as an increase in the number of SCRs. In the snake phobia group, snake pictures provoked HR acceleration, but the SCRs they elicited did not differ from the SCRs provoked by the blood-related pictures. Conclusion: BII phobia individuals react to their phobic object with a series of physiological changes resulting from a sympathetic-parasympathetic co-activation. This is in contrast with other specific phobias (e.g., small animal phobias) that usually show a sympathetically mediated, defensive reactivity when exposed to their disorder-relevant stimuli. These data support the use of therapeutic interventions in BII phobia that may differ in some respect from those used in other specific phobias.
Open Access
Threat cues and attentional bias in blood-injection-injury phobia and snake phobia
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones., 2021) Kosonogov, Vladimir; Pineda, Sara; Torrente, Ginesa; Carrillo Verdejo, María Eduvigis; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro; Martínez Selva, José María
El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar el efecto de una señal que indica la aparición de una imagen fóbica sobre la actividad electrocortical provocada por el estímulo relevante para el trastorno en la fobia a la sangre por lesión en inyección (BII) y la fobia a las serpientes. Una muestra de 13 participantes con fobia BII, 12 individuos con fobia a las serpientes y 14 controles no fóbicos se sometieron a una tarea S1-S2, donde S1 era una palabra que describía el contenido de una imagen posterior (relacionada con la sangre, serpiente y neutral) que apareció 2 segundos después (S2). Obtuvimos las amplitudes ERP P200 y P300 provocadas por las imágenes. Nuestros resultados revelan que P200 no diferenciaba entre el contenido de las imágenes en la fobia BII mientras que, por el contrario, las imágenes relacionadas con la serpiente y la sangre provocaron las respuestas más grandes en los participantes con fobia a las serpientes. Tanto las imágenes relacionadas con la sangre como las de serpientes provocaron amplitudes de P300 mayores que las imágenes neutrales en todos los grupos. Las señales de amenaza redujeron la reacción electrocortical del BII, posiblemente por la provocación de respuestas anticipatorias o reguladoras. Estos resultados son indicativos de una baja atención automática exógena hacia los estímulos temidos en la fobia BII, como lo revela P200, probablemente relacionado con una falta de sesgo de atención al objeto fóbico.
Embargo
Las técnicas objetivas: evaluación psicofisiológica
(Sanz y Torres, 2019) Ramírez Uclés, Isabel M.; Fuentes Durá, Inmaculada; Martínez Selva, José María; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
Open Access
Head motion elicited by affective pictures as measured by a new LED-based technique
(Brill Academic Publishers, 2019-04-26) Kosonogov, Vladimir; Torrente Hernández, Ginesa; Arenas Dalla Vecchia, Aurelio; Carrillo Verdejo, María Eduvigis; Martínez Selva, José María; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro; Electromagnetismo y Electrónica
The complex sensory input and motor reflexes that keep body posture and head position aligned are influenced by emotional reactions evoked by visual or auditory stimulation. Several theoretical approaches have emphasized the relevance of motor reactions in emotional response. Emotions are considered as a tendency or predisposition to act that depends on two motivational systems in the brain — the appetitive system, related to approach behaviours, and the defensive system, related to withdrawal or fight-or-flight behaviours. Few studies on emotion have been conducted employing kinematic methods, however. Motion analysis of the head may be a promising method for studying the impact of viewing affective pictures on emotional response. For this purpose, we presented unpleasant, neutral and pleasant affective pictures. Participants were instructed to view the pictures and to remain still. Two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were attached to the foreheads of participants, and a Wii Remote controller, positioned 25 cm away, detected the position of the LEDs in the medial–lateral and anterior–posterior axes. We found more sway in response to unpleasant pictures. In addition, unpleasant pictures also provoked faster movements than both neutral and pleasant pictures. This response to unpleasant pictures, in contrast to pleasant ones, might reflect the readiness or predisposition to act. Our data also revealed that men moved faster than women, which is in accordance with previous findings related to gender differences.
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Disociación entre la reactividad psicofisica y el procesamiento emocional en pacientes con daño cerebral / Juan Pedro Sánchez Navarro ; dirigida por José María Martínez Selva, Francisco Román Lapuente.
(Murcia : Universidad de Murcia, Faculatad de Psicología, Departamento de Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología,, 2002) Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro
Open Access
Does social content influence the subjective evaluation of affective pictures?
(Cambridge University Press, 2020-05-28) Kosonogov, Vladimir; Torrente, Ginesa; Carrillo Verdejo, María Eduvigis; Martínez Selva, José María; Sánchez Navarro, Juan Pedro; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
This study explored the effect of the perceived social content of affective pictures on the subjective evaluation of affective valence and arousal. For this purpose, we established three categories of social content (pictures without people, with one person and with two or more people). A sample of 161 subjects rated 200 pictures varying in affective valence (unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant), arousal and social content. Results of two-factor analysis of variance (F(4, 157) = 71.7, p < .001, ηp 2 = .31) showed that perceived social content influenced the ratings of affective valence, specially for unpleasant pictures, with the greatest social content (two or more people) leading subjects to rate unpleasant pictures with the lowest ratings (all pairwise comparisons’ p < .001). Regarding arousal (F(4, 157) = 64.0, p < .001, ηp 2 = .29), the higher the social content, the higher the arousal ratings, but only for pleasant (all pairwise comparisons’ p < .007) and unpleasant (all pairwise comparisons’ p < .001) pictures. Overall, this study demonstrated an effect of the perceived social content on the subjective evaluation of affective valence and arousal of emotional stimuli.