Histology and histopathology Vol.22, nº 7 (2007)
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- PublicationOpen AccessImmunohistochemical localization of hormones and peptides in the human pituitary cells in a case of hipercortisolism by ACTH secreting microadenoma(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Reyes, R.; Valladares, Francisco; Díaz-Flores, Lucio; Feria, L.; Alonso, R.; Tramu, G.; Bello, A.R.This study assesses the action of hypercortisolism on the hormone and peptide periadenoma region of removed ACTH-producing microadenoma. Our findings show that cortisol excess affects both ACTH and GH production, with no immunoreaction for these hormones. The remaining pituitary hormones (TSH, FSH and PRL) and POMCderived peptides (ßEnd, aMSH and ßMSH) were not modified. Likewise, we observed pituitary immunoreactive cells for Neurotensin (NT), Intestinal vasoactive peptide (VIP), Substance P (SP) and Angiotensin-II (Ang-II). The colocalization demonstrated that NT was expressed in thyrotrope and gonadotrope cells, VIP in gonadotrope cells and SP in corticotrope cells. The results about Ang-II were inconclusive. On the other hand, immunoreaction for the NPY and Gal peptides were not present. In the adenomatous cells, the peptide NT is present in ACTH cells as well as SP. These results suggest a peptide regulation of pituitary cells in the pathological state that can differ between normal and tumoural cells of the same pituitary.
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- PublicationOpen AccessThe role of hepcidin and ferroportin in iron absorption(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Oates, P.S.The field of iron metabolism is moving rapidly. There have been significant advances in our understanding of how proteins carry out the process of iron absorption. The three main tissues involved in iron exchange are the enterocyte which contributes new iron to the system, the hepatocyte which stores and releases iron and the macrophages which recycles iron from effete red blood cells to the plasma. This review examines recent evidence into the function of the iron transporters divalent metal transporter and ferroportin in enterocytes. Evidence is also provided from the author’s laboratory which presents an alternative hypothesis into how hepcidin a key regulator molecule might interact with ferroportin in enterocytes. It is proposed that ferroportin operates differently in enterocytes compared with macrophages. Specifically in enterocytes ferroportin appears to function in the uptake stage of iron absorption.
- PublicationOpen AccessExpression of AGR2 in non small cell lung cancer(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Fritzsche, F.R.; Dahl, E.; Dankof, A.; Burkhardt, M.; Pahl, S.; Petersen, I.; Dietel, Manfred; Kristiansen, GitteWe aimed to evaluate immunohistochemically the expression of the human Anterior Gradient-2 (AGR2), a gene which has recently been proposed as an oncogene for lung carcinoma development, in non small cell lung cancer and to correlate the findings to clinico-pathological data including patient survival. 95 cases of NSCLC were immunostained using a polyclonal AGR2 antibody and statistical analyses were applied to test for prognostic and diagnostic associations. AGR2 was expressed in 66.3% of cases, preferentially adenocarcinomas. There were no relevant associations with clinico-pathological paramaters. A prognostic value of AGR2 could not be demonstrated neither in multivariate nor in univariate analyses. Interestingly, this is the first study to demonstrate AGR2 expression in squamous cell carcinomas. Although a prognostic value of AGR2 seems unlikely further studies are warranted to investigate the biological role of AGR2 in NSCLC and its differential expression according to histology.
- PublicationOpen AccessControversial relationship between the expression of the RB pathway components and RB protein phosphorylation in human breast cancer(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2007) Montanaro, L.; Vici, M.; Donati, C.; Ceccarelli, C.; Santini, D.; Treré, D.; Derenzini, M.Recent data challenge the relevance of the RB pathway to cancer based on RB inactivation, at least in breast tumors. To obtain information on the actual role of the components of the RB pathway in tumor progression we decided to investigate whether their quantitative changes were associated with variations in the level of RB phosphorylation in human breast cancer. A series of 68 human primary breast carcinomas was studied. Five cases were excluded from the study due to their lack of RB expression. In the remaining 63 cases the expression of cyclin D1, cdk4, cyclin E, and INK4a mRNA was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. The level of RB phosphorylated protein (ppRB) and p27 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed by measuring the percentage of stained cells (labeling index, LI). Cell proliferation rate was measured by Ki67 LI evaluation. The ppRB LI ranged from 5.2 to 73.8 and, as expected, was strongly related to the Ki67 LI (r=0.80; p<0.001). The expression of cyclin D1 mRNA, expressed in arbitrary units (a. u.), ranged from 1.15 to 123.0 and was inversely related to the ppRB LI (p=0.021) and Ki67 LI (p<0.001). Neither the cdk4 (range from 0.07 to 1.13 a. u.) nor the cyclin E (range from 0.13 to 9.27 a. u.) mRNA expression was significantly associated with the ppRB LI (p=0.962 and (p=0.022). Both INK4a mRNA (range from 0.01 to 0.60 a. u.) and p27 (LI from 0.0 to 73.1) values were inversely related to the ppRB LI (p=0.022 and p=0.014, respectively). Cyclin D1, cdk4, and cyclin E mRNA expressions were not significantly related to one another. In human primary breast cancers, the expression levels of the factors known to facilitate the cell cycle progression by RB protein phosphorylation were not positively related to ppRB-LI. Pathological increases of cyclin D, cdk4, and cyclin E are very likely associated with other biological functions other than their wellestablished action on cell cycle progression.
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