Histology and histopathology Vol.30, nº3 (2015)
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- PublicationOpen AccessDoes coenzyme-Q have a protective effect against atorvastatin induced myopathy? A histopathological and immunohistochemical study in albino rats(2015) Khalil, Mahmoud Salah; Khamis, Nehal; Al-drees, Abdulmajeed; Abdulghani, Hamza MohammadIntroduction. In addition to their lipidlowering effect, statins have pleiotropic effects that may extend their use to the treatment and prevention of various other diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Consequently, the number of patients taking statins is expected to increase. A side effect of statins, statin-induced myopathy, which may result from reduced muscular coenzyme Q10 levels, limits their use. The current study investigates if supplementing with CoQ10 could ameliorate statin induced myopathy. Materials and Methods. Forty adult male albino rats were randomized into 4 groups, with 10 rats per group. The following was administered to the rats using oral gavage for 4 weeks: Group 1: 2 ml of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose once daily. Group 2: 100 mg/kg/ day coenzyme Q10 dissolved in 2 ml of cotton seed oil. Group 3: 10 mg/kg once daily atorvastatin dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose. Group 4: concomitantly received CoQ10 and atorvastatin similar to groups 2 and 3 respectively. Plasma creatine kinase levels were measured by using spectrophotometer. The right extensor digitorum longus muscle sections were stained for histological (Haematoxylin & Eosin, Masson trichrome and Phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin) and immunohistochemical (cytochrome C and Bax) examinations. Quantitative measures of cytochrome C and Bax were carried out using image analyzer. Results. Atorvastatin induced increased total creatine kinase, skeletal muscle variations in the sizes and shapes, necrosis, disorganization, nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, dismantled plasma membrane, excess collagen fibers and lipid deposition in addition to loss of cross striation. Atorvastatin increased the intensity of the immune-positive reactions of cytochrome C and Bax. These changes were ameliorated by concomitantly giving coenzyme Q10. Conclusion: CoQ10 may ameliorate atorvastatin induced skeletal muscle injury.
- PublicationOpen AccessLoss of Nm23 is associated with a more favorable tumor microenvironment in patients with breast cancer(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Durán, Esther; Cárdenas, José Miguel; Reina, Miguel Ángel; Arriazu, RiánsaresAIM: Nm23 is a metastasis suppressor gene whose downregulation triggers metastatic progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Nm23 in breast carcinomas and its relationship with tumor microenvironment markers. Methods: A retrospective study was done (128 breast cancer patients from 2007 to 2010). Nm23, LPA1, SMA, CD34, CD8, and CD68 protein expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Image analysis was used to determine the immunostaining percentage area of Nm23, LPA1, and SMA; the number of the total vessel fraction CD34 positive; and the number of CD8+ and CD68+ cells. The mean ± SE was calculated. The differences among groups were evaluated using Student t-test for parametric data and Mann Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Results: Cases were divided into two groups: Nm23+ and Nm23-. LPA1 immunostaining was significantly increased in Nm23- group. Immunostaining percentage area of SMA was not significantly higher when Nm23 was negative. CD34 immunopositive blood vessels, number of T CD8+ cells, and the number of macrophage CD68+ cells were increased when Nm23 was absent. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the absence of Nm23 causes an increase in LPA1, CD8+ and CD68+ inflammatory cells, and angiogenesis marker. Therefore, Nm23 loss could be associated with a more favorable environment for the development and dissemination of breast cancer. However, more studies are needed to determine this association.
- PublicationOpen AccessPluripotent stem cells isolated from umbilical cord form embryonic like bodies in a mesenchymal layer culture(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Tsagias, Nikos; Kouzi-Koliakos, Kokkona; Karagianis, Vasileios; Tsikouras, P.; Koliakos, George G.Recently the matrix of umbilical cord began to use as an alternative source of stem cells additionally to the blood of umbilical cord. Umbilical cord has been used mainly for mesenchymal stem cell banking. The immunological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with their ability to avoid rejection make them an attractive biological material for transplantations. In this study the isolation of small in size pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord expressing early transcription factors with characteristics that resemble to embryonic stem cells is investigated. Pluripotent stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cords, by a new strategy method based on unique characteristics such as the small size and the positivity on early transcription factors OCT and Nanog. An enriched population of CXCR4+ OCT+ Nanog+ CD45- small stem cells from the cord was isolated. This fraction was able to create alkaline phosphatase positive like spheres forms in a mesenchymal layer with multilineage differentiation capacity. Our results were assessed by RT PCR and electophoresis for the pluripotent genes. These data suggest that umbilical cord provides an attractive source not only of mesenchymal stem cells but moreover of pluripotent stem cells. The method described herein should be applied in the field of stem cell banking in addition to the classical umbilical cord harvesting method. Isolation of a population of cells with pluripotent characteristics from umbilical cord. Adoption of a second centrifugation step for the pluripotent stem isolation. Increasing the value of the cord and explaining the pluripotency. This work will enhance the value of umbilical cord harvesting.
- PublicationOpen AccessN-cadherin, beta-catenin and connexin 43 expression in astrocytic tumours of various grades(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Reszec, J.; Szkudlarek, M.; Hermanowicz, A.; Bernaczyk, P.S.; Mariak, Z.; Chyczewsk, L.Introduction: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary brain tumors, but little is known about their etiology and prognostic factors. N-cadherin and beta-catenin are adhesive proteins, and are often overexpressed in many types of cancers, including breast or colorectal cancer, resulting in better prognosis. Connexin 43 is a gap junction protein involved in cellcell signaling pathway taking part in the process of carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate Ncadherin, beta-catenin and connexin 43 expression in astrocytic tumors of various grades. Materials and methods: We examined 131 cases of astrocytic tumors, including 26 cases of diffuse astrocytoma (group I), 44 anaplasic astrocytomas (group II) and 61 glioblastoma cases (group III) - primary and secondary. To evaluate N-cadherin, beta-catenin and connexin 43 expression, we used immunohistochemical reaction with specific antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The obtained results were correlated with clinical and morphological features. Results: Beta-catenin expression was observed in 69.3% of diffuse astrocytomas, 75% of anaplastic astrocytomas, and 82% of glioblastoma cases. Ncadherin expression was observed in 92.3% of diffuse astrocytomas, 90.1% of anaplastic astrocytomas, and in all glioblastoma cases. Connexin 43 was observed in 76.9% of diffuse astrocytomas, and in all cases of anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. Beta-catenin expression was significant within the nucleus of neoplastic cells in groups I and II. In group III, staining was observed only in the cellular membranes. Ncadherin and connexin 43 expression was observed only in the cells’ membranes. In glioblastomas, both primary and secondary, all protein expression was significant within the cells surrounding the necroses and blood vessels and weak or absent in the tumor’s margins. Conclusion: Our study shows that beta-catenin nuclear expression in group of diffuse astrocytomas and anaplastic astrocytomas is evidence for transcriptional function of beta-catenin in those groups. Strong Ncadherin and connexin 43 expression in those groups may be evidence for their role in tumor formation and progression. However, in glioblastomas a very important role of all examined proteins is generating intracellular connections to facilitate the escape of tumor cells from the effects of hypoxia or their accumulation around the blood vessels rather than tumor invasion into the brain parenchyma.
- PublicationOpen AccessAge-associated murine cardiac lesions are attenuated by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Manskikh, V.N.; Gancharova, O.S.; Nikiforova, A.I.; Krasilshchikova, M.S.; Shabalina, I.G.; Egorov, M.V.; Karger, E.M.; Milanovsky, G.E.; Skulachev, V.P.; Zinovkin, R.A.; Galkin, I.I.Age-related changes in mammalian hearts often result in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis that are preceded by inflammatory infiltration. In this paper, we show that lifelong treatment of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 retards senescence-associated myocardial disease (cardiomyopathy), cardiac hypertrophy, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis. To investigate the molecular basis of the action of SkQ1, we have applied DNA microarray analysis. The global gene expression profile in heart tissues was not significantly affected by administration of SkQ1. However, we found some small but statistically significant modifications of the pathways related to cellto-cell contact, adhesion, and leukocyte infiltration. Probably, SkQ1-induced decrease in leukocyte and mesenchymal cell adhesion and/or infiltration lead to a reduction in age-related inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. The data indicate a causative role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular aging and imply that SkQ1 has poteential as a drug against age-related cardiac dysfunction.
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