Histology and histopathology Vol.30,nº10 (2015)

Ir a Estadísticas

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    Molecular mechanisms in dental follicle precursor cells during the osteogenic differentiation
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Morsczeck, Christian
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    Role of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH 1/2) gene mutations in human tumors
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Liu, Xiang; Ling, Zhi-Qiang
    In recent years, frequent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/IDH2) gene mutations were found in a variety of tumors, which specifically alter arginine residues of catalytic active site in IDH1/IDH2 and confer new enzymatic function of directly catalyzing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2- HG). 2-HG could competitively inhibit α-KG–dependent enzymes and might therefore contribute to tumorigenesis. In addition, mutation status of IDH1/IDH2 is closely related to the progress and prognosis of certain tumors. Thus IDH1/IDH2 is considered to be a promising biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis and targeted therapy. In this study, the current research on IDH1/IDH2 mutation, especially the mechanisms and clinical characteristics related to tumor, are reviewed.
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    Anticancer properties of carotenoids in prostate cancer. A review
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) da Costa Pereira Soares, Nathalia; Junger Teodoro, Anderson; Falagan Lotsch, Priscila; Mauro Granjeiro, José; Borojevic, Radovan
    Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer of men in the world. Several epidemiological studies have linked increased carotenoids consumption with decreased prostate cancer risk. These findings are supported by in vitro and in vivo experiments showing that carotenoids not only enhance the antioxidant response of prostate cells, but that they are able to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and decrease the metastatic capacity of prostate cancer cells. However, clear clinical evidence supporting the use of carotenoids in prevention or treatment of prostate cancer is not available, due to the limited number of published randomized clinical trials, and the varying protocols used in the existing studies. The scope of the present review is to discuss the potential impact of carotenoids on prostate cancer by giving an overview of the molecular mechanisms and in vitro / in vivo effects.
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    The clinical translational potential of p53-related alterations as cancer biomarkers
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Xiao, Meng; Wang, Xu; Chen, Wantao
    We aimed to analyse and summarise the potential value of the clinical use of p53-related alterations as cancer biomarkers. A systematic search and collection of the published meta-analyses on p53- related alterations and cancers in the past 5 years was conducted through appropriate queries in the PubMed database. We then composed “grey-scale” tables to show the significant levels for each variant, and the potential heterogeneity was subsequently discussed. The data show that p53-related alterations are extremely complex biomarkers in terms of their clinical translation. Together with the experimental studies on p53-related alterations, a gold-standard approach is still in need of development, with more evidence from clinical studies with large, prospectively planned cohorts, to fully understand its potential as a cancer biomarker.
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    E-cadherin, β-catenin, and α2β1 and α3β1 integrin expression in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and its regional metastasi
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Quirino Silveira Soares, Mariana; Andrade Mendonça, Juliana; Oliveira Morais, Marília; Rodrigues Leles, Claudio; Carvalho Batista, Aline; Mendonça, Elismauro Francisco
    . To investigate E-cadherin, β-catenin, and α2β1 and α3β1 integrins in 40 samples of nonmetastatic and metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with positive cervical lymph nodes (LN). Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate expression in the lesion center (LC) and invasive tumor front (ITF) of non-metastatic (n=18) and metastatic (n=22) OSCC and in the LN on the metastatic neoplastic cells (MNC; n=22). In metastatic OSCC, E-cadherin and β-catenin presented significantly lower cytoplasmic membrane expression in the ITF and MNC when compared to the LC and lower cytoplasmic expression in MNC when compared to the LC and ITF (p<0.05). Integrins α2β1 and α3β1 showed high cytoplasmic expression in the LC, ITF and MNC (p>0.05). A positive correlation was observed between E-cadherin cytoplasmic expression and α2β1 (ρ=0.860) and α3β1 (ρ=0.975) expression. When comparing the primary sites of metastatic and non-metastatic disease, β-catenin presented lower cytoplasmic membrane (p=0.013) expression in metastatic OSCC. E-cadherin presented low expression and the integrins high expression in both groups. Abnormal expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin associated with high expression of α2β1 and α3β1 integrins contribute to LN metastasis in OSCC.