Browsing by Subject "Urinary bladder"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    A clinicopathologic study of paragangliomas of the urinary bladder: can the clinical behavior of the tumor be predicted?
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Guo, Shuangping; Fan, Chaoliang; Rohr, Joseph; Fan, Linni; Wang, Yingmei; Li, Mingyang; Li, Xia; Guo, Ying; Yan, Qingguo; Wang, Lu; Wang, Zhe
    Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder is rare but even more unusual as no singular histologic feature is consistently characteristic of malignancy. Additionally, paragangliomas can manifest in hypertensive crisis for clinicians resecting the tumors in unusual locations without proper histologic diagnosis. Herein we report nine cases of paraganglioma of the urinary bladder with immunohistologic study and follow-up information, including one rare malignant case with liver metastasis. Comparison of the immunohistologic features reveal that the malignant case shows the common features suggested by both the Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) and Grading of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Extraadrenal Paraganglioma (GAPP) system. The predominant histopathologic features of malignant cases were large irregular nests with focal spindle tumor cells and a diffusely infiltrative growth pattern between smooth muscle of the urinary bladder wall with multiple necrotic areas and a high proliferative index. Eight cases without metastasis showed the classic zellballen of benign paragangliomas without irregular nests and welldemarcated nodules either in the submucosa or between smooth muscle bundles with no diffuse infiltration. We discuss the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features detecting malignant behavior, and comprehensively review the previously published cases of malignant paraganglioma of the urinary bladder. In summary, we assess some clinicopathologic features which might help to predict which neoplasms are more likely to behave in a clinically aggressive manner to avoid adverse outcomes in this rare tumor’s resection.
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    Collagen fiber arrangement in the normal bladder lamina propria and their potential impact on the pathological substaging of bladder cancer stage T1
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2025) Gofrit, Ofer N.; Yutkin, Vladimir; Duvdevani, Mordechai; Hidas, Guy; Neuman, Tzahi
    The lamina propria (LP) of the urinary bladder lies between the urothelial mucosa and the muscularis propria. This complex stratum is composed of extracellular matrix, several cell types, and collagen types I and III fibers. LP invasion by urothelial carcinoma (progression from stage Ta to T1) is a determinant of bladder cancer advancement. We attempted to characterize collagen fiber arrangement in the LP. This could enrich our understanding of this important layer and potentially provide clues for sub-staging of the T1 bladder cancer. A total of 24 Masson trichrome-stained images of normal bladder, including 12,530 collagen fibers were quantitatively analyzed using the Dragonfly software. The LP was divided according to fiber orientation into superficial LP (SLP, 15% of the thickness) and the deep LP (DLP, 85% of the thickness). Collagen fiber geometry analysis demonstrated that the SLP fibers are more parallel to the urothelium with an average angle of 26°±23° compared to 40°±26° in the DLP (p=3.4x10-144), more packed (average distance to the closest fiber of 0.61±0.67 compared to 0.66±0.77, p=0.0001), and their aspect ratio is considerably longer (average of 1.93±0.12 compared to 0.20±0.11, p=2.84x10-8). No difference was found in fiber perimeter or Feret diameter. Thus, we conclude that bladder collagen fibers are arranged in two distinct layers: a dense-ordered SLP and a loose disorder DLP. This indicates that the physical barrier to cancer cell invasion probably lies in the SLP, immediately underneath the urothelium. Once this barrier is breached, the looser and disorganized DLP poses no remarkable obstacle. Thus, we believe that histology-based subdivisions of stage T1 are expected to fail in providing clinically meaningful prognostic information.
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    Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced neoplasia in the urinary bladder: a missing link?
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Alexander, Riley E.; Wang, Lisha; Lopez-Beltran, Antonio; Emerson, Robert E.; Montironi, Rodolfo; Pedrosa, Jose A.; Kaimakliotis, Hristos Z.; Koch, Michael O.; Cheng, Liang
    The discovery that the role human papillomavirus (HPV) plays in the induction of human cancer represents an important achievement in oncologic research. It has taken on even greater importance since the development of vaccines, which promise the hope of preventing these cancers from ever occurring. Because of these important implications, many have attempted to determine a possible role for the virus in cancers of the urinary bladder-an organ in close anatomic proximity to the primary sites of HPV-induced neoplasia and one which already has an established oncogenic infectious agent in Schistosoma haematobium. Here we review the current literature exploring this possible role in the most common subtype of cancer of the urinary bladder, urothelial carcinoma, and two much more rare histologic subtypes that have well established roles for HPVinduced neoplasia in other anatomic sites-squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
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    Pearsonema plica in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from semi-arid areas of the Iberian Peninsula
    (Elsevier, 2022-08-24) Ruiz de Ybáñez Carnero, María del Rocío; Tizzani, Paolo; Pérez Cutillas, Pedro; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Sanidad Animal
    The nematode Pearsonema plica is a parasite infecting the urinary bladder of carnivores, with a described prevalence ranging from 1 to 90%. This parasite needs earthworms as intermediate host to complete its life cycle, being the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) a definitive host. The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence and intensity of P. plica in the red fox population from the Region of Murcia (SE Spain), an area with semi-arid Mediterranean climate. The urinary bladder, kidneys and ureters of 167 red foxes were collected at necropsy, opened and observed to detect adult parasites. The influence of host variables (sex, age and body condition using Kidney Fat Index) and environmental variables (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Moisture Index, Bare Soil Index, temperature, radiation, evapotranspiration, precipitation, Corine Land Cover categories and distance to urban areas) were evaluated using a Generalised Linear Model. Moran index was used to evaluate the parasite spatial aggregation. The prevalence found was very low (2.4%; median abundance 0 nematodes per fox; median intensity 7.5 nematodes per parasitized fox), which contrast with those described in other red fox populations in Europe. Environmental variables had a significant influence on the occurrence of P. plica, being NDMI, mean summer precipitation, percentage of forest and agricultural areas positively associated with P. plica abundance. The south-eastern Iberian Peninsula has a semi-arid climate that hinders the development of the life cycle of this nematode, which justifies its occurrence in specific areas where there are the suitable environmental conditions for the presence of earthworms. However, although semi-arid Mediterranean areas do not seem to be favourable carnivores to be parasitized by P. plica, we cannot underestimate the risk that exists in those areas where, either naturally or by human activity, there are environmental factors that favor the presence of this nematode.
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    Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Pant-Purohit, Mukta; López Beltrán, Antonio; Montironi, Rodolfo; MacLennan, Gregory T.; Cheng, Lian
    Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder(SCCUB) is a rare and aggressive cancer of the bladder.SCCUB is part of neuroendocrine family of tumors thataffect several organ systems including respiratory,gastrointestinal and male and female genitourinary tract.SCCUB affect males predominantly with common riskfactors include smoking, bladder calculi, bladdermanipulation, and chronic cystitis. Prognosis of SCCUBremains poor due to high metastatic potential and lack ofsymptoms in earlier stages of the disease. Pathogenesisof the disease is linked to loss of genetic material,hypermethylation of tumor suppressors and at timesamplification of the chromosomal regions carryingoncogenes. Majority of cases are treated with localresection of the tumor with neoadjuvant or adjuvantplatinum-based chemotherapy regimen. Radiationtherapy is used as alternative to radical cystectomy or aspalliative measure. This article provides epidemiology,molecular pathogenesis, histochemistry, and currentmanagement options for SCCUB. Furthermore wereviewed all recent studies involving advancement intargeted molecular therapy for neuroendocrine tumors.
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    Spindle cell lesions of the urinary bladder
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Young, Robert H.
    Spindle cell proliferations of diverse types which vary greatly in their behavior may occur in the urinary bladder. Some of them such as the inflammatory pseudotumor and the postoperative spindle cell nodule are reactive and clinically benign although they may be responsible for significant symptoms. On the other hand, certain other lesions such as sarcomatoid carcinomas are typically highly malignant tumours. The features of the inflammatory pseudotumor and postoperative spindle cell nodule have only recently been defined. The tendency of the former to occur in young patients and the association of the latter with a recent operative procedure are important pieces of clinical information which may prevent their mis-diagnosis. The diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma should always be considered when a malignant spindle cell proliferation is encountered in the urinary bladder. Careful search for minor foci of obvious epithelial differentiation is important in establishing the diagnosis which may also be aided by immunohistochemical staining for epithelial markers. Sarcomatoid carcinoma should be distinguished from the rare transitional cell carcinoma with pseudosarcomatous stroma and from carcinosarcoma. The final lesions briefly reviewed here are mesenchymal tumors both benign and malignant, which generally do not pose the same degree of diagnostic difficulty as non-neoplastic mesenchymal proliferations and sarcomatoid carcinomas.
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    Staining patterns of keratins in the human urinary tract
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Alonso, Angélica; Ikinger, Uwe; Kartenbeck, Jürgen
    The keratins, members of the intermediate filament family, are characteristically expressed in epithelial cells. In the various types of epithelia, the keratin expression pattern is characterized by cell-type specific combinations of the keratin isotypes with a plain pattern in monolayered (simple) epithelia and more complex patterns in stratified and pseudostratified epithelia. Here we demonstrate that the transitional epithelium of the human urinary tract holds an exceptional position between the pseudostratified and stratified epithelia. We show that the simple epithelia keratins 7, 8, 18 and 19 are expressed throughout the whole epithelium as known from pseudostratified epithelia. In addition, we demonstrate expression of keratins 5, 14 and 17, otherwise present in basal cells of multilayered epithelia, and keratins 4 and 13, present in suprabasal areas of non cornified multilayered epithelia. Moreover, we report differences in expression in the various morphological parts of the urinary tract which might be related to their specific functions. Keratin 20, a typical component of the simple epithelia of the digestive tract, is present in bladder and ureter but not in the renal pelvis. Keratin 6, typical for stratified epithelia, is found only in parts of the renal pelvis. We further show that changes in keratin pattern occur during the development from embryonic to adult bladder urothelium. In contrast to adult tissue, the simple type keratins 7, 8 and 18 are not synthesized in basal embryonic cells. Further, keratin 20, present in cells facing the bladder lumen in adult urothelium, is expressed in all but the basal cells in embryonic bladder.
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    The prognostic irnportance of the morphological su bdivision of the grade II superficial bladder cancer
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Petraki, C.; Stefanakis, S.; Petraki, K.; Stefanaki, K.; Malovrouvas, D.
    In this study a morphological subdivision of grade (g)ll superficial bladder cancer is proposed and correlated with recurrence and progression rate. Forty patients, 33 males and 7 females, of 70 years mean age, with initial gII superficial transitional bladder cancer were treated with transurethral resection between January and December 1987 with followup for a mean period of 4 years. Recurrences were observed in 24 patients. All histological specimens were reviewed and reclassified to gIIa and gIIb mainly according to the variation in nuclear size. the degree of nuclear atypia and the number of mitoses. 42.1 % (8119) of the gIIa and 76.2% (16121) of the gIIb tumors recurred. The observed difference in recurrence rate was statistically significant (s.s) - p< 0.05. The disease-free interval after the initial presentation was over two years in 50% (418) of gIIa and in 6.25% (1116) of gIIb patients (s.s. difference - p< 0.05). None of the patients with gIIa, but 37.5% (6116) with gIIb urothelial cancer had more than two recurrences (s.s. difference - p< 0.05). All gIIa recurred as gIIa superficial cancers, 62.5% (10116) of gIIb as gIIb (5 superficial and 5 invasive) and the remainder 37.5% (6116) as invasive gIII tumors. Only one patient with repeated recurrences died two years after the initial presentation. 3 patients died from other causes. In conclusion: 1. The morphological subdivision of gIl urothelial cancer into gIIa and gIIb has a prognostic significance, as it is related to the recurrence rate, the disease-free interval after the initial resection, the number of recurrences and the progression rate. 2. As gIIb urothelial cancer identifies patients at a higher recurrence risk. it is evident that this group requires an adjuvant treatment and a closer follow-up.
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    Tumor-associated neoexpression of the pS2 peptide and MUC5AC mucin in primary adenocarcinomas and signet ring cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Kunze, E.; Krassenkova, I.; Fayyazi, A.
    To gain more detailed insight into the histogenesis of primary nonurachal adenocarcinomas and signet ring cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression of a broad panel of proteins, associated with cell differentiation (pS2 peptide, MUC5AC, MUC6, spasmolytic polypeptide, cyclooxygenases-1 and -2, caveolin-1), and of various novel known or candidate tumor suppressors (14-3-3 sigma, SYK, PTEN, maspin). Included were 12 adenocarcinomas admixed to urothelial carcinomas, 10 pure adenocarcinomas and 5 signet ring cell carcinomas. As the most important finding, the majority of signet ring cell carcinomas and three quarters of the adenocarcinomas (72.7%) expressed the pS2 peptide, and nearly half of the adenocarcinomas (45.5%) as well as most of the signet ring cell carcinomas were observed to secrete the MUC5AC apomucin. Since expression of both proteins was absent in the normal nonneoplastic urothelium, their tumor-associated appearance is regarded as a neoexpression or reexpression, respectively, of normally cryptic antigenic determinants, and is assumed to be involved in the phenotypical formation of vesical adenocarcinomas, including signet ring cell carcinomas. The expression of both pS2 and MUC5AC in variants of urothelial carcinomas with a glandular differentiation and an extracellular mucus production support the concept that adenocarcinomas may histogenetically develop from preexistent TCC. Adenocarcinomas which secrete the pS2 peptide and the MUC5AC glycoprotein are proposed to be subclassified as adenocarcinomas of the intestinal type, as distinguished from those of the common type lacking an expression. The tumor suppressor genes showed a loss of protein expression in adenocarcinomas, ranging from 54.5% (14-3-3 sigma), to 31.8 (PTEN), 27.3% (SYK) and 18.2% (maspin). Similar expression profiles in the coexistent urothelial carcinomas argue against a specific involvement of these genes during the morphogenesis of adenocarcinomas.