Browsing by Subject "Temperament"
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- PublicationRestrictedADHD and ODD Symptoms in toddlers: common and specific associations with temperament dimensions(Springer, 2020) Sánchez Pérez, Noelia; Putnam, Samuel P.; Gartstein, Maria A.; González Salinas, Carmen; Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónThe aim of this work was to study the relationship between temperament and signs of psychopathology in typically developing toddlers. More specifically, Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms were analyzed in connection with fine-grained temperament dimensions. The sample was composed of 65 toddlers aged between 18 and 35 months. Bivariate correlations showed that higher levels of negative emotionality and approach tendencies, and lower levels of inhibitory control, were related to more ADHD and ODD manifestations. Bivariate correlations also indicated unique associations: lower levels of soothability were associated with higher ODD symptoms, whereas lower attentional focusing and low-intensity pleasure were related with higher ADHD symptoms. Additionally, regression and path analysis models indicated that ADHD was predominantly associated with attentional focusing and motor activation whereas ODD was most closely related to frustration. Our findings highlight the relevance of studying early correlates of psychopathological manifestations to identify children who could benefit from prevention and early intervention programs.
- PublicationOpen AccessEfecto del temperamento infantil en el peso del niño preescolar: una revisión sistemática(Universidad de Murcia, 2017) Amaro Hinojosa, Marily Daniela; Flores Peña, YolandaAntecedentes: El temperamento es una variable que recientemente ha resultado de interés por considerarse un factor de riesgo de la obesidad infantil. Algunos estudios señalan que el temperamento difícil se asocia al incremento del peso en los preescolares. Objetivo: Analizar la literatura disponible sobre la asociación entre el temperamento infantil y el IMC del niño preescolar. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre estudios que evaluaran la asociación entre el temperamento e índice de masa corporal en el niño preescolar, la búsqueda se realizó en los meses de mayo y junio del 2016, en bases de datos como Pubmed, EBSCO host, Ovid, Springer Link y Google académico, se incluyeron estudios que no tuvieran más de 10 años de haberse publicado y que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión y calidad en la metodología y resultados presentados, como referencia para la evaluación de los estudios se utilizó la guía Critical Apprasisal Skills Programme Español. Resultados: Se encontraron 784 artículos, de los cuales solo nueve se incluyeron para esta revisión, seis de los estudios evaluaban el temperamento en base a la reactividad atencional y/o rasgos, tres evaluaban el temperamento en base a la autorregulación del niño y solo uno evaluó tanto la reactividad emocional como la autorregulación. Pareciera que la reactividad negativa y la baja autorregulación son factores asociados a la obesidad infantil en la edad preescolar. Conclusiones: La literatura encontrada sugiere que es necesaria mayor investigación para determinar el comportamiento del temperamento en torno a la obesidad en los niños.
- PublicationOpen Access"My life is not going to have any meaning". Personality and vulnerability to depression in Spanish youth(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2021) López-Mora, Clara; González-Hernández, JuanAdolescents are a group at risk of developing depressive disorders, faced with a multitude of psychosocial circumstances and the resources available to meet vital needs. The risk of depression is associated with high avoidance of harm, low selfdirection, and low persistence. The aim of the work was to explore the differences between various personality profiles on elements of depressive process (presence of distress and absence of eustress) in adolescents. The presence of depression was evaluated through the Multicultural Inventory of Depression and personality through the Temperament and Character Questionnaire in a total of 229 participants, (n = 121 males) (M age = 14.79; SD = 1.61). The exploratory cluster analyses showed the existence of 3 adolescent profiles based on temperament and character, being those adolescents with low persistence and self-transcendence, with high self-directedness, harm avoidance and rewards dependency who showed the highest indicators of depression. Specifically, significant differences were found in distress scores with adolescents in profile 3 having the highest indicators of state distress (F (224, 4) = 21.73; p < .01) and trait (F (224, 4) = 23.00; p < .01) with respect to adolescents in cluster 1 and cluster 2. In addition, they also had significantly lower scores on the indicators of eustrés state (F (224, 4) = 11.59; p < .01) and trait (F (224, 4) = 12.31; p < .01). The discussion focuses on the usefulness of Moscoso and Coninger's theories as frameworks for understanding the processes of acquisition, and risk of depression in adolescents.
- PublicationOpen Access"My life is not going to have any meaning." Personality and vulnerability to depression in Spanish youth(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2021) López-Mora, Clara; González-Hernández, JuanLos adolescentes son un grupo de riesgo para desarrollar trastornos depresivos y que se enfrentan a una multitud de circunstancias psicosociales y a los recursos disponibles para satisfacer sus necesidades vitales. El riesgo de depresión está asociado con una alta evitación de daños, una baja autodirección y una baja persistencia. El objetivo de la labor fue explorar las diferencias entre los diferentes perfiles de personalidad entre los elementos del proceso depresivo (presencia de angustia y ausencia de eustrés) en los adolescentes. La presencia de depresión se evaluó a través del Inventario Multicultural de Depresión y la personalidad a través del Cuestionario de Temperamento y Carácter en un total de 229 participantes, (n = 121 varones) (edad M = 14.79; DT = 1.61). Los análisis exploratorios por conglomerados mostraron la existencia de 3 perfiles de adolescentes basados en el temperamento y el carácter, siendo aquellos adolescentes con baja persistencia y auto-trascendencia, con alta auto-dirección, evitación de daños y dependencia de las recompensas quienes mostraron los más altos indicadores de depresión. Específicamente, se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de angustia con los adolescentes del perfil 3 que tenían los indicadores más altos de angustia de estado (F (224, 4) = 21.73; p < .01) y rasgo (F (224, 4) = 23.00; p < .01) con respecto a los adolescentes del grupo 1 y del grupo 2. Además, también tuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más bajas en los indicadores de estado eustrés (F (224, 4) = 11.59; p < .01) y rasgo (F (224, 4) = 12.31; p < .01). La discusión se centra en la utilidad de las teorías de Moscoso y Coninger como marcos para comprender los procesos de adquisición y el riesgo de depresión en los adolescentes.
- PublicationRestrictedPrecursores de la docilidad en la temprana infancia(Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2001) Díaz Herrero, Ángela; Pérez López, Julio; Martínez Fuentes, María Teresa; Brito de la Nuez, Alfredo G.; Herrera Gutiérrez, Eva; Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónEl propósito de la presente investigación ha sido estudiar, desde un punto de vista exploratorio, las relaciones existentes entre la irritabilidad neonatal, los rasgos de personalidad maternos (Ansiedad, Extraversión, Socialización e Independencia) y la docilidad infantil cuando los niños eran enfrentados a objetos sociales y físicos. Para ello se examinaron 40 díadas madre-niño cuando los niños tenían 4 días y 3 meses de vida. Todos los neonatos fueron nacidos a término, sin complicaciones pre ni postnatales y pertenecientes a un nivel socioeconómico medio. Los resultados indicaron que la docilidad ante objetos sociales estaba relacionada con la irritabilidad neonatal y la extraversión materna. Asimismo, la docilidad ante objetos físicos estaba relacionada con la irritabilidad neonatal y la ansiedad e independencia materna. Estas correlaciones parecen indicar que la Docilidad infantil podría ser pronosticada a partir de las características neonatales de los niños y los rasgos de personalidad de la madre. No obstante, se necesitarían posteriores investigaciones para confirmar los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo. Los resultados de este estudio exploratorio se discuten teniendo en cuenta un enfoque transaccional del desarrollo. ---------------------
- PublicationOpen AccessRelation between temperament and school adjustment in spanish children: A person-centered approach(2020-02-19) María Ángeles Fernández-Vilar; María Dolores Galián; Ester Ato Lozano; Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación; Facultad de Psicología y LogopediaThe aim of this work was to examine from a person-centered approach the impact of temperament on academic achievement and sociometric status in a sample of 6-7 yearold Spanish children. To measure children´s temperament in early childhood, parents were given TMCQ (Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire), while sociometric status and academic achievement were reported by teachers. Using latent profile analysis (LPA) 4 temperament profiles were found. Children belonged to the “Negative/Undercontrolled” profile showed a higher probability of academic failure and were more rejected, and children included in the profile “Sociable/High regulated” showed higher academic scores and a lower probability of being rejected by their peers. Several implications in the Spanish educational context are discussed.
- PublicationOpen AccessRelations between bedtime parenting behaviors and temperament across 14 cultures(Frontiers Media, 2022-11-24) Pham, Christie; Desmarais, Eric; Jones. Victoria; French, Brian F. ; Wang, Zhengyan ; Putnam, Sam; Casalin, Sara; Martins Linhares, Maria Beatriz ; Lecannelier, Felipe; Tuovinen, Soile; Heinonen, Kati; Montirosso, Rosario; Giusti, Lorenzo; Park, Seong-Yeon; Han, Sae-Young; Lee, Eun Gyoung; Huitron, Blanca; Weerth, Carolina de ; Beijers, Roseriet; Majdandzić, Mirjana ; González Salinas, Carmen; Acar, Ibrahim; Slobodskaya, Helena; Kozlova, Elena; Ahmetoglu, Emine; Benga, Oana; Gartstein, Maria A.; Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónObjectives: The present study examined parental sleep-supporting practices during toddlerhood in relation to temperament across 14 cultures. We hypothesized that passive sleep-supporting techniques (e.g., talking, cuddling), but not active techniques (e.g., walking, doing an activity together), would be associated with less challenging temperament profiles: higher Surgency (SUR) and Effortful Control (EC) and lower Negative Emotionality (NE), with fine-grained dimensions exhibiting relationships consistent with their overarching factors (e.g., parallel passive sleep-supporting approach effects for dimensions of NE). Methods: Caregivers (N = 841) across 14 cultures (M= 61 families per site) reported toddler (between 17 and 40months of age; 52% male) temperament and sleepsupporting activities. Utilizing linear multilevel regression models and groupmean centering procedures, we assessed the role of between- and withincultural variance in sleep-supporting practices in relation to temperament. Results: Both within-and between-culture differences in passive sleepsupporting techniques were associated with temperament attributes, (e.g., lower NE at the between-culture level; higher within-culture EC). For active techniques only within-culture effects were significant (e.g., demonstrating a positive association with NE). Adding sleep-supporting behaviors to the regression models accounted for significantly more between-culture temperament ariance than child age and gender alone. Conclusion: Hypotheses were largely supported. Findings suggest parental sleep practices could be potential targets for interventions to mitigate risk posed by challenging temperament profiles (e.g., reducing active techniques that are associated with greater distress proneness and NE).
- PublicationOpen AccessTemperament and behaviour problems in children: a multilevel analysis of cross-cultural differences(Wiley, 2023-07-04) Campagna, Allegra X. ; Desmarais, Eric D. ; French, Brian; Underwood, Joshua J.; Majdandzic, Mirjana ; Beijers, Roseriet ; Weerth, Carolina de ; Lee, Eun Gyoung ; Huitron, Blanca ; Ahmetoglu, Emine ; Benga, Oana; Raikkonen, Katri ; Heinonen, Kati ; González Salinas, Carmen; Slobodskaya, Helena; Kozlova, Elena; Martins Linhares, Maria Betriz; Lecannelier, Felipe; Casalin, Sara; Acar, Ibrahim; Tuovinen, Soile; Wang, Zhengyan; Montirosso, Rosario; Giusti, Lorenzo; Park, Seong-Yeon; Han, Sae-Young; Putnam, Samuel; Gartstein, Maria A.; Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónEarly temperament attributes have been linked to emerging behaviour problems and significant long-term consequences; however, these relations are rarely examined cross-culturally. The present study addresses this gap, employing multilevel modelling to explain within- and between-culture variances with respect to temperament predicting a spectrum of behaviour problems across 14 nations from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium (JETTC). A total of 865 children between 17 and 40 months, with approximately equal age distribution across this developmental period and about equivalent representation of genders, were recruited from 14 nations. Greater negative emotionality was associated with more internalizing problems, whereas higher surgency and effortful control predicted fewer internalizing difficulties. Controlling for age and gender, temperament explained significant within- and between-culture variances in internalizing and externalizing problems (at the broad-band and fine-grained levels), as well as sleep problems. For internalizing difficulties, temperament accounted for more between-culture variance. In contrast, for externalizing difficulties, temperament accounted more for how individuals within the same culture differed from their same-culture counterparts. The within-culture findings suggest universal patterns of temperament-problem relations, informing cultural adaptation of interventions; between-culture findings enhance understanding of the implications of the cultural niche for normative behaviour and adjustment.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe contribution of children’s efortful control to math performance is partially mediated by math anxiety(Springer, 2024-01-28) Sánchez Pérez, Noelia; Fuentes Melero, Luis; González Salinas, Carmen; Psicología Básica y MetodologíaThis study aimed to ascertain the contribution of children’s efortful control (EC) to math achievement by testing the mediational involvement of math anxiety. Participants were 704 children (367 girls) aged between 7 and 12 years (M = 9.43, SD = 1.23). Children’s EC was measured by parent’s report, math anxiety was assessed through self-report, whereas math achievement was evaluated by performance on standard math tests. The models tested involved EC higher-order factor or specifc EC components (activation control, attentional focusing, and inhibitory control). The results showed that activation control, attentional focusing, and EC higher-order factor contributed to math performance directly and through the mediation of math anxiety. Inhibitory control did not yield a signifcant efect on math performance. The fndings suggest that children with higher dispositional efortful self-regulation tend to experience lower levels of math anxiety, with positive efects on math performance.