Browsing by Subject "Substance P"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Changes in the immunoreactivity of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the laryngeal taste buds of chronically hypoxic rats
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2000) Kusakabe, T.; Yoshida, T.; Matsuda, H.; Yamamoto, Y.; Hayashida, Y.; Kawakami, T.; Takenaka, T.
    The distribution of substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the taste buds of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds was compared between normoxic control and chronically isocapnic hypoxic rats (10% O2 and 3-4% CO2 for 3 months). In the normoxic laryngeal taste buds, SP- and CGRP-imrnunoreactive fibers were detected within the taste buds, where they appeared as thin processes with many varicosities. Most CGRP fibers showed coexistence with SP, but a few fibers showed the immunoreactivity of CGRP only. The density of intraand subgemmal SP and CGRP fibers penetrating into the laryngeal taste buds was significantly higher in chronically hypoxic rats than in normoxic control rats. Water intake in the hypoxic rats was significantly lower than in the normoxic rats. These results indicate that the increased density of SP- and CGRP-containing nerve fibers within the laryngeal taste buds is a predominant feature of hypoxic adaptation. The altered peptidergic innervation and reduced water intake support the hypothesis that the laryngeal taste buds are involved in water reception, and that the water reception may be under the control of peptidergic innervation.
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    Changes in the neuronal activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus in chronic MPTP-treated primates: an in situ hybridization study of cytochrome oxidase subunit I, choline acetyl transferase and substance P mRNA expression
    (Springer, 2007-03) Fernández Villalba, Emiliano; Fernández Barreiro, Andrés; Herrero Ezquerro, María Trinidad; Gómez Gallego, María; Atención Sociosanitaria
    Summary. The pedunculopontine nucleus is a mesencephalic nucleus that has widespread and reciprocal connections with the basal ganglia. It has been implicated in the physiopathology of akinesia, rigidity, gait failure and sleep disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease. In this study, in situ hybridization was used to examine the changes in neuronal metabolic activity (measuring cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and in the level of acetylcholine and Substance P synthesis in the pedunculopontine nucleus of monkeys chronically treated with MPTP. Significant reductions were observed in cytochrome oxidase subunit I (p = 0.001), choline acetyl transferase (p = 0.003) and substance P (p = 0.006) mRNA expression in parkinsonian animals compared with controls, indicating that pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons activity decreases with parkinsonism.
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    Effect of diabetic state on co-localization of substance P and serotonin in the gut in animal models
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2001) Spangeus, A.; Forsgren, Sture; El-Salhy, M.
    Changes in the numbers of serotonin- and substance P-immunoreactive (IR) cells occur in severa1 animal models of diabetes. It is not known, however, whether these changes are a result of actual ceii loss or are caused by modified gene expression in ceíls showing co-localization of serotonin and substance P. The pattern of mono- and co-expression of serotonin, as well as of substance P, was therefore investigated in gastrointestinal endocrine cells from animal models of human type 1 and type 2 diabetes, namely non-obese diabetic (NOD) and obese diabetic (oblob) mice. Immunocytochemical staining by the avidin-biotin complex method was performed for computerized image analysis of each cell type, and by immunofluorescence double staining to study co-localization. Tissues from antrum, proximal duodenum and dista1 colon were investigated. Co-localization of serotonin- and substance P-IR was found in al1 investigated parts of the gut. In antrum, substance P immunoreactivity was found exclusively in serotonin-IR cells. In both NOD and oblob mice there was a reduced number of substance PIR cells, but an unchanged serotonin-IR cell count, which thus tallies with a shut-off of substance P expression in antral enterochromaffin cells. In duodenum, both diabetes models showed a decreased number of serotonin-IR cells. Furthermore there was a decreased number of substance P-IR cells in the type 2 model. The proportion of serotonin-IR cells showing substance P-immuno-reactivity was decreased in both diabetic models, thus indicating a shut-off of substance P-gene expression. However, this does not fully explain the changes in duodenum, but the diabetic state probably affects the number of mono-expressed cells as well. In colon, no change was found in diabetic mice regarding co-localization of substance P and serotonin. However, pre-diabetic NOD mice showed a decreased proportion of substance P in serotonin-IR cells, which might be explained by the increased number of serotonin-IR cells, combined with an unchanged number of substance P-IR cells. In conclusion, diabetic animal models of both type 1 and type 2 appear to have a combination of decreased expression of substance P in serotonin-IR cells of both antrum and duodenum, as well as a change in the number of mono-expressed cells. The pattern in colon, on the other hand, seems to be unaffected.
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    Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on nitric oxide, substance Pand pain perception
    (Elsevier, 2014-02-23) Molina Ortega, Francisco; Lomas Vega, Rafael; Hita Contreras, Fidel; Plaza Manzano, Gustavo; Achalandabaso, Alexander; Ramos Morcillo, Antonio Jesús; Martínez Amat, Antonio; Enfermería
    Previous studies have analyzed the effects of spinal manipulation on pain sensitivity by using severalsensory modalities, but to our knowledge, no studies have focused on serum biomarkers involved in thenociceptive pathway after spinal manipulation. Our objectives were to determine the immediate effect ofcervical and dorsal manipulation over the production of nitric oxide and substance P, and establishingtheir relationship with changes in pressure pain thresholds in asymptomatic subjects. In this single-blindrandomized controlled trial, 30 asymptomatic subjects (16 men) were randomly distributed into 3groups (n¼10 per group): control, cervical and dorsal manipulation groups. Blood samples wereextracted to obtain serum. ELISA assay for substance P and chemiluminescence analysis for nitric oxidedetermination were performed. Pressure pain thresholds were measured with a pressure algometer atthe C5eC6 joint, the lateral epicondyle and the tibialis anterior muscle. Outcome measures were ob-tained before intervention, just after intervention and 2 h after intervention. Our results indicated anincrease in substance P plasma level in the cervical manipulation group (70.55%) when compared withother groups (p<0.05). This group also showed an elevation in the pressure pain threshold at C5eC6(26.75%) and lateral epicondyle level (21.63%) immediately after the intervention (p<0.05). No changesin nitric oxide production were observed. In conclusion, mechanical stimulus provided by cervicalmanipulation increases substance P levels and pressure pain threshold but does not change nitric oxideconcentrations. Part of the hypoalgesic effect of spinal manipulation may be due to the action of sub-stance P.
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    Modifications of the distribution of substance P-li ke immunoreactivity in the cerebral basal nuclei of the cat after electroacupuncture
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1993) Vazquez, J.; Muñoz Madrid, Juan; Luque, M.A.
    The distribution of Substance P in the fibrillar structures of the basal nuclei of the cat brain, and its modification with low frequency electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation, have been studied using the indirect immunocytochemistry technique. An increase in the immunoreactivity of Substance P (IR-SP) after stimulation with EA has been observed in the nucleus caudatus and nucleus putamen, in the globus pallidus, and in the amygdaloid complex. Abundant IRSP fibres have also been seen in some areas of the internal capsule. These observations place the said IR-SP modifications in the basal nuclei of the cat brain, when subjected to low frequency EA.
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    Presence and distribution of 5HT-, VIP-, NPY-, and SP-immunoreactive structures in adult mouse lung
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1997) Verastegui, C.; Fernandez-Vivero, J.; Prada, A.; Rodríguez, F.; Romero, A.
    A large number of biologically active substances have been identified and characterised in the respiratory tract of severa1 mammals. These substances (amines and peptides) exert important regulatory influences on respiratory functions, and they act as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators, both being released from nerve terminals as neuroendocrine cells. However, these substances can also have other effects which suggest a paracrine action. Thus, to understand the role of amines and peptides in the lung, it is important to explore their localisation in different species. By using immunocytochemical staining methods we have studied the morphology and distribution of serotonin-, Substance P-, neuropeptide Y- and VIP-like immunoreactivity in the adult mouse lung. Moreover a pretreatment with colchicine, pargyline and 5-hydroxytryptophan as staining enlargement method was made. A widespread distribution of isolated endocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies containing 5HT-like immunoreactivity was recorded within the lung. NPY-like immunoreactive nerve fibres were localised in the airway smooth muscle and surrounding the blood vessels. VIP-like immunoreactivity was revealed in single cells as well as in some nerve fibres and ganglia around the blood vessels and in the bronchial smooth muscle. SP-like IR was observed in nerve fibres located in the smooth muscle of the airways, surrounding bronchi and bronchioli but not next to the intrapulmonary blood vessels. Their localisation both in cells and nerve fibres of the respiratory system suggests that they play a role in the regulatory function of the mouse respiratory tract, exerting their influence by endocrine, paracrine, neurosecretory pathways or a combination of al1 of these.
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    Ultrastructural localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the intermediolateral column of spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1996) Tan, C.K.; Tang, F.R.; Ling, E. A.
    The distribution of substance P in the intermediolateral column of the upper thoracic spinal cord of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats was studied by combined retrograde tracing of choleragen subunit-B horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP) and immuno-electronmicroscopy. In the TI-T3 segments of the spinal cord, SP-like immunoreactive products were localized in the cell bodies and dendrites of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons as well as in a few pre-axon terminals or axon terminals. In the neuropil of the intermediolateral column (ILN), different synaptic configurations were observed including synaptic contacts between SP-like positive dendrites and negative axon terminals, and between SP-like positive axon terminals and SP-like positive dendrites. Furthermore, a single SP-like positive dendrite was sometimes postsynaptic to severa1 axon terminals, a feature typical of glomerular synapses. The present findings suggest that most of the SP-like immunoreactive elements in the ILN were of intraspinal origin derived mainly from the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in SHR and WKY rats. Since there was no ultrastructural difference in the distribution of SP between the neural elements in the ILN of SHR and WKY rats, the present findings also suggest that SP may not be directly involved in the hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension.