Browsing by Subject "Remyelination"

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    Growth factors and remyelination in the CNS
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1997) Woodruff, R.H.; Franklin, R.J.M.
    It is now well established that there is an inherent capacity within the central nervous system (CNS) to remyelinate areas of white matter that have undergone demyelination. However this repair process is not universally consistent or sustained, and persistent demyelination occurs in a number of situations, most notably in the chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque. Thus there is a need to investigate ways in which myelin deficits within the CNS rnay be restored. One approach to this problem is to investigate ways in which the inherent remyelinating capacity of the CNS rnay be stimulated to remyelinate areas of long-term demyelination. The expression of growth factors, which are known to be involved in developmental myelinogenesis, in areas of demyelination strongly suggests that they are involved in spontaneous remyelination. Therefore delivery of exogenous growth factors into areas of persistent demyelination is a potential therapeutic strategy for stimulating remyelination. This review will discuss the evidence that growth factors rnay have a role in promoting CNS remyelination by enhancing the survival and stimulating the proliferation and recruitment of remyelinating oligodendrocytes.
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    Myeloid cell distribution and activity in multiple sclerosis
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Moliné-Velázquez, Verónica; Vila-del Sol, Virginia; de Castro, Fernando; Clemente, Diego
    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which an exacerbated immune response provokes oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination, the hallmarks of this neurological disease. The destruction of myelin due to the uncontrolled activity of the invading immune cells leads to the formation of MS plaques. Among the different leukocytes that participate in the immune response associated with MS, the role of myeloid cells has been analyzed extensively (i.e. macrophages, dendritic cells -DCs- and neutrophils). Hence, in this review we will summarize what is known about the distribution, expression and markers available to study myeloid cells, and their histopathology, not only in a standard animal model of MS (autoimmune experimental encephalomyelitis -EAE) but also in MS tissue. In this review, we will not only refer to mature myeloid cells but also to the undifferentiated and almost unexplored myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The active role of MDSCs in the prompt resolution of an immune episode is gaining importance, yet is still the subject of some debate. Finally, the similarities and differences between MS and EAE are discussed, particularly in terms of myeloid cell phenotype, activity and the markers used.